Os09g0286400 - Revision history

Zhennan: /* Knowledge Extension */

2016-07-01T08:27:37Z

‎Knowledge Extension

Zhennan: /* Knowledge Extension */

2016-07-01T08:26:02Z

‎Knowledge Extension

Zhennan at 07:16, 1 July 2016

2016-07-01T07:16:52Z

Zhennan: /* Background */

2016-07-01T06:52:43Z

‎Background

Zhennan: /* Background */

2016-07-01T06:52:05Z

‎Background

Zhennan: /* Background */

2016-07-01T06:50:13Z

‎Background

Zhennan at 06:49, 1 July 2016

2016-07-01T06:49:23Z

Rice2012: /* Structured Information */

2015-06-12T09:39:00Z

‎Structured Information

Zhangye: /* References */

2015-01-10T13:37:47Z

‎References

Zhangye: /* Labs working on this gene */

2015-01-10T13:37:10Z

‎Labs working on this gene

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 * Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> antiporters, which catalyze the exchange of Na<sup>+</sup> for H<sup>+</sup> across membranes, contribute to the regulation of internal pH, cell volume and the sodium level in the cytoplasm<ref name="ref8"/><ref name="ref9"/>. The antiporters are widespread membrane proteins found in animals, yeasts, bacteria and plants. In particular, vacuolar Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> antiporters, which compartmentalize Na<sup>+</sup> into the vacuoles for detoxification, have been investigated as the key to salt tolerance in yeasts and plants<ref name="ref9"/><ref name="ref10"/>.
-* Amino acid sequence similarities together with the phylogenetic analysis and the deduced exon–intron structures indicated that the OsNHX family antiporters form two
+* Amino acid sequence similarities together with the phylogenetic analysis and the deduced exon–intron structures indicated that the OsNHX family antiporters form two distinct subgroups: OsNHX1 through 4 and OsNHX5. In A. thaliana, Yokoi et al. (2002) categorized the AtNHX family antiporters into the subgroups AtNHX1 through 4 and AtNHX5 and 6. Therefore, OsNHX1 through 4, AtNHX1 through 4, and other most plant NHX-type antiporters are classified into a type I group, and OsNHX5, AtNHX5, AtNHX6, and LeNHX2 from L. esculentum are classified into the type II group. Pardo et al. (2006) also classified the antiporters into the same groups. LeNHX2 catalyzes K<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> exchange, but scarcely catalyzes Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> exchange, and co-localizes with prevacuolar and Golgi markers in plants. These results suggest that the ionic selectivities and physiological roles of type II NHX-type antiporters likely differ from those of type I NHX-type antiporters.
 ==Labs working on this gene==

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 ===Knowledge Extension===
-*The observed mode of ''OsACS'', ''OsACO'' and ''OsNHX'' expression under submergence suggests that these genes can be potential targets for understanding the mechanism regulating seedling vigor under submergence at the post-germination stage in rice<ref name="ref2"/>.
+* The observed mode of ''OsACS'', ''OsACO'' and ''OsNHX'' expression under submergence suggests that these genes can be potential targets for understanding the mechanism regulating seedling vigor under submergence at the post-germination stage in rice<ref name="ref2"/>.
-*The Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup>exchanger that catalyzes the exchange of Na<sup>+</sup>for H<sup>+</sup>across membranes, contributes to regulation of internal pH, cell volume, and sodium level in the cytoplasm<ref name="ref7"/>.
+* The Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup>exchanger that catalyzes the exchange of Na<sup>+</sup>for H<sup>+</sup>across membranes, contributes to regulation of internal pH, cell volume, and sodium level in the cytoplasm<ref name="ref7"/>.
-*Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> antiporters, which catalyze the exchange of Na<sup>+</sup> for H<sup>+</sup> across membranes, contribute to the regulation of internal pH, cell volume and the sodium level in the cytoplasm<ref name="ref8"/><ref name="ref9"/>. The antiporters are widespread membrane proteins found in animals, yeasts, bacteria and plants. In particular, vacuolar Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> antiporters, which compartmentalize Na<sup>+</sup> into the vacuoles for detoxification, have been investigated as the key to salt tolerance in yeasts and plants<ref name="ref9"/><ref name="ref10"/>.
+* Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> antiporters, which catalyze the exchange of Na<sup>+</sup> for H<sup>+</sup> across membranes, contribute to the regulation of internal pH, cell volume and the sodium level in the cytoplasm<ref name="ref8"/><ref name="ref9"/>. The antiporters are widespread membrane proteins found in animals, yeasts, bacteria and plants. In particular, vacuolar Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> antiporters, which compartmentalize Na<sup>+</sup> into the vacuoles for detoxification, have been investigated as the key to salt tolerance in yeasts and plants<ref name="ref9"/><ref name="ref10"/>.
 ==Labs working on this gene==

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 ==Background==
-* Na+ /H + antiporters catalyze the exchange of Na+  for H+ across membranes; and they are responsible for regulating internal pH, cell volume, and the sodium level in the cytoplasm. Antiporters are found in animals, yeast, bacteria, and plants and have been reported to be localized in the plasma membrane and in various organelles including the prevacuolar compartment, vacuolar membranes, mid- to trans-Golgi network, trans-Golgi network, early recycling endosomes (HsNHE6), late recycling endosomes (HsNHE9), and in chloroplasts. It has been suggested that plant cells do not have Na + /K + -ATPase or Na + - ATPase, which acts to exclude Na + from animal and fungal cells. Therefore, in plants, H + -ATPase and H + -inorganic pyrophosphatase are the primary active transporters that generate an H + -motive force, whereas the Na + /H + antiporter is the main transporter of Na + .
+* Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup>antiporters catalyze the exchange of Na<sup>+</sup> for H<sup>+</sup> across membranes; and they are responsible for regulating internal pH, cell volume, and the sodium level in the cytoplasm. Antiporters are found in animals, yeast, bacteria, and plants and have been reported to be localized in the plasma membrane and in various organelles including the prevacuolar compartment, vacuolar membranes, mid- to trans-Golgi network, trans-Golgi network, early recycling endosomes (HsNHE6), late recycling endosomes (HsNHE9), and in chloroplasts. It has been suggested that plant cells do not have Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> -ATPase or Na<sup>+</sup> - ATPase, which acts to exclude Na + from animal and fungal cells. Therefore, in plants, H<sup>+</sup> -ATPase and H<sup>+</sup> -inorganic pyrophosphatase are the primary active transporters that generate an H + -motive force, whereas the Na<sup>+</sup> /H<sup>+</sup> antiporter is the main transporter of Na<sup>+</sup> .
-* Control of intracellular ion concentrations is essential for ion homeostasis. In plants under salt stress, Na + can enter the cells via several pathways and can become toxic to cytosolic enzymes at high concentrations. Therefore, plant cells must maintain a high concentration of K + and a low concentration of Na + in the cytosol and must extrude excessive Na + or compartmentalize it into vacuoles. Na + efflux is catalyzed by a plasma membrane Na + /H + antiporter that is encoded by the AtSOS1 gene in A. thaliana. By contrast, a vacuolar Na + /H + antiporter catalyzes the sequestration of Na + in vacuoles. The sequestration lowers the Na + concentration in the cytoplasm and also contributes to osmotic adjustment to maintain water uptake from saline solutions, which suggests that compartmentalizing Na + into vacuoles is an essential strategy for salt tolerance in plants.
+* Control of intracellular ion concentrations is essential for ion homeostasis. In plants under salt stress, Na<sup>+</sup> can enter the cells via several pathways and can become toxic to cytosolic enzymes at high concentrations. Therefore, plant cells must maintain a high concentration of K<sup>+</sup> and a low concentration of Na<sup>+</sup> in the cytosol and must extrude excessive Na<sup>+</sup> or compartmentalize it into vacuoles. Na<sup>+</sup> efflux is catalyzed by a plasma membrane Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> antiporter that is encoded by the AtSOS1 gene in A. thaliana. By contrast, a vacuolar Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> antiporter catalyzes the sequestration of Na<sup>+</sup>in vacuoles. The sequestration lowers the Na + concentration in the cytoplasm and also contributes to osmotic adjustment to maintain water uptake from saline solutions, which suggests that compartmentalizing Na + into vacuoles is an essential strategy for salt tolerance in plants.
 ==Annotated Information==

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 ==Background==
-* Na <nowiki>+</nowiki> /H + antiporters catalyze the exchange of Na+  for H+ across membranes; and they are responsible for regulating internal pH, cell volume, and the sodium level in the cytoplasm. Antiporters are found in animals, yeast, bacteria, and plants and have been reported to be localized in the plasma membrane and in various organelles including the prevacuolar compartment, vacuolar membranes, mid- to trans-Golgi network, trans-Golgi network, early recycling endosomes (HsNHE6), late recycling endosomes (HsNHE9), and in chloroplasts. It has been suggested that plant cells do not have Na + /K + -ATPase or Na + - ATPase, which acts to exclude Na + from animal and fungal cells. Therefore, in plants, H + -ATPase and H + -inorganic pyrophosphatase are the primary active transporters that generate an H + -motive force, whereas the Na + /H + antiporter is the main transporter of Na + .
+* Na+ /H + antiporters catalyze the exchange of Na+  for H+ across membranes; and they are responsible for regulating internal pH, cell volume, and the sodium level in the cytoplasm. Antiporters are found in animals, yeast, bacteria, and plants and have been reported to be localized in the plasma membrane and in various organelles including the prevacuolar compartment, vacuolar membranes, mid- to trans-Golgi network, trans-Golgi network, early recycling endosomes (HsNHE6), late recycling endosomes (HsNHE9), and in chloroplasts. It has been suggested that plant cells do not have Na + /K + -ATPase or Na + - ATPase, which acts to exclude Na + from animal and fungal cells. Therefore, in plants, H + -ATPase and H + -inorganic pyrophosphatase are the primary active transporters that generate an H + -motive force, whereas the Na + /H + antiporter is the main transporter of Na + .
 * Control of intracellular ion concentrations is essential for ion homeostasis. In plants under salt stress, Na + can enter the cells via several pathways and can become toxic to cytosolic enzymes at high concentrations. Therefore, plant cells must maintain a high concentration of K + and a low concentration of Na + in the cytosol and must extrude excessive Na + or compartmentalize it into vacuoles. Na + efflux is catalyzed by a plasma membrane Na + /H + antiporter that is encoded by the AtSOS1 gene in A. thaliana. By contrast, a vacuolar Na + /H + antiporter catalyzes the sequestration of Na + in vacuoles. The sequestration lowers the Na + concentration in the cytoplasm and also contributes to osmotic adjustment to maintain water uptake from saline solutions, which suggests that compartmentalizing Na + into vacuoles is an essential strategy for salt tolerance in plants.

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 ==Background==
-* Na + /H + antiporters catalyze the exchange of Na+  for H+ across membranes; and they are responsible for regulating internal pH, cell volume, and the sodium level in the cytoplasm. Antiporters are found in animals, yeast, bacteria, and plants and have been reported to be localized in the plasma membrane and in various organelles including the prevacuolar compartment, vacuolar membranes, mid- to trans-Golgi network, trans-Golgi network, early recycling endosomes (HsNHE6), late recycling endosomes (HsNHE9), and in chloroplasts. It has been suggested that plant cells do not have Na + /K + -ATPase or Na + - ATPase, which acts to exclude Na + from animal and fungal cells. Therefore, in plants, H + -ATPase and H + -inorganic pyrophosphatase are the primary active transporters that generate an H + -motive force, whereas the Na + /H + antiporter is the main transporter of Na + .
+* Na <nowiki>+</nowiki> /H + antiporters catalyze the exchange of Na+  for H+ across membranes; and they are responsible for regulating internal pH, cell volume, and the sodium level in the cytoplasm. Antiporters are found in animals, yeast, bacteria, and plants and have been reported to be localized in the plasma membrane and in various organelles including the prevacuolar compartment, vacuolar membranes, mid- to trans-Golgi network, trans-Golgi network, early recycling endosomes (HsNHE6), late recycling endosomes (HsNHE9), and in chloroplasts. It has been suggested that plant cells do not have Na + /K + -ATPase or Na + - ATPase, which acts to exclude Na + from animal and fungal cells. Therefore, in plants, H + -ATPase and H + -inorganic pyrophosphatase are the primary active transporters that generate an H + -motive force, whereas the Na + /H + antiporter is the main transporter of Na + .
 * Control of intracellular ion concentrations is essential for ion homeostasis. In plants under salt stress, Na + can enter the cells via several pathways and can become toxic to cytosolic enzymes at high concentrations. Therefore, plant cells must maintain a high concentration of K + and a low concentration of Na + in the cytosol and must extrude excessive Na + or compartmentalize it into vacuoles. Na + efflux is catalyzed by a plasma membrane Na + /H + antiporter that is encoded by the AtSOS1 gene in A. thaliana. By contrast, a vacuolar Na + /H + antiporter catalyzes the sequestration of Na + in vacuoles. The sequestration lowers the Na + concentration in the cytoplasm and also contributes to osmotic adjustment to maintain water uptake from saline solutions, which suggests that compartmentalizing Na + into vacuoles is an essential strategy for salt tolerance in plants.

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 ''OsNHX5(Os09g0286400)'', is a Na<sup>+</sup>and H<sup>+</sup>exchanger in rice (''Oryza sativa'')<ref name="ref1"/><ref name="ref2"/>.
 ==Annotated Information==
 ===Function===
 [[File: OsNHX5 Genomic organization.jpg|right|thumb|350px|'''Figure 1.''''' Genomic organization of the OsNHX5 genes.(from reference <ref name="ref1"/>).'']]
-*The genomic organization of ''OsNHX5'' is graphically presented in Figure 1. ''OsNHX5'' had 22 exons<ref name="ref1"/>
+* The genomic organization of ''OsNHX5'' is graphically presented in Figure 1. ''OsNHX5'' had 22 exons<ref name="ref1"/>
-*OsNHX expression was also enhanced under submergence, and the levels of ''[[Os07g0666900|''OsNHX1'']]'' and ''OsNHX5'' transcripts agreed well with those of seedling vigor under submergence<ref name="ref2"/>.
+* OsNHX expression was also enhanced under submergence, and the levels of ''[[Os07g0666900|''OsNHX1'']]'' and ''OsNHX5'' transcripts agreed well with those of seedling vigor under submergence<ref name="ref2"/>.
-*[[Os07g0666900|''OsNHX1'']], [[Os05g0148600|''OsNHX2'']], [[Os11g0648000|''OsNHX3'']], and ''OsNHX5'' can suppress the Na<sup>+</sup>, Li<sup>+</sup>, and hygromycin sensitivity of yeast nhx1 mutants and their sensitivity to a high K<sup>+</sup> concentration. The expression of ''OsNHX1'', ''OsNHX2'', ''OsNHX3'', and ''OsNHX5'' is regulated differently in rice tissues and is increased by salt stress, hyperosmotic stress, and ABA<ref name="ref1"/>.
+* [[Os07g0666900|''OsNHX1'']], [[Os05g0148600|''OsNHX2'']], [[Os11g0648000|''OsNHX3'']], and ''OsNHX5'' can suppress the Na<sup>+</sup>, Li<sup>+</sup>, and hygromycin sensitivity of yeast nhx1 mutants and their sensitivity to a high K<sup>+</sup> concentration. The expression of ''OsNHX1'', ''OsNHX2'', ''OsNHX3'', and ''OsNHX5'' is regulated differently in rice tissues and is increased by salt stress, hyperosmotic stress, and ABA<ref name="ref1"/>.
-*''OsNHX1'' and ''OsNHX5'' play different roles in these rice tissues, although the antiporters cooperate in most tissues<ref name="ref1"/>.
+* ''OsNHX1'' and ''OsNHX5'' play different roles in these rice tissues, although the antiporters cooperate in most tissues<ref name="ref1"/>.
 '''GO assignment(s):''' [http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006814 GO:0006814], [http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006885 GO:0006885], [http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0015299 GO:0015299], [http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0015385 GO:0015385], [http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016021 GO:0016021]

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 ==Structured Information==
 [[Category:Genes]]
 [[Category:Japonica mRNA]]

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 ==References==
-Please input cited references here.
+<references>
 ==Structured Information==

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 ==Labs working on this gene==
-Please input related labs here.
+*Division of Plant Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
 ==References==