Template:Mitochondrion

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Annotated Information

Function

ATP synthase F0 subunit 9 (atp9) gene is known as the mitochondrial gene. Transgenic analysis of tobacco with an unedited atp9 gene from wheat has revealed that the main effect of the unedited atp9 expression in transgenic plants was male sterility[1], and it is also the case that the expression of the unedited gene was suppressed by using an antisense strategy resulting in the recovery of male fertility[2]. Thus, the protein ATP9 is clearly associated with male sterility. The study of the unedited atp9 transcript in rice mitochondria for the first time shows non-modified mRNA molecules may potentially influence male fertility through the accumulation of abnormal ATP9 or insufficient normal ATP9, which will influence the function of ATP synthase and then decrease the production of ATP. That is, unediting of atp9 transcript could be likely associated with cytoplasmic male sterility[3].

Expression

When performing the partial protein sequencing of the mitochondrial subunit 9 of ATP synthase (ATP 9), some residues differ from those encoded for by the mitochondrial atp9 gene. The differences are explained by assuming C-to-U transitions at the mRNA level. Thus, mRNA modifications by RNA editing are reflected at the translational level [4]. Extended observations to the cDNA sequence of atp9 demonstrate the presence of partially modified mRNA molecules. One C-to-U conversion transforms an argininecodon into a stop codon, shortening the protein to the “standard” size when compared with other mitochondrial ATP 9. The analysis of subunit 9 by peptide sequencing and amino acid composition confirms these results. The atp9 transcripts are modified by C-to-U changes in a process called RNA editing. Eight codons are involved in RNA editing: five lead to an amino acid change, two give no modification, and one transforms an Arg codon into astop codon. The editing process for wheat ATP 9 represents an important modification in genetic information, considering that the gene is only 243 nucleotides long [5]. Transcription of the single-copy rice mitochondrial atp9 gene has been analyzed. A hypothesis shows that transcription initiates from this promoter to yield a 0.65 kb precursor mRNA and that this primary transcript is processed to a smaller 0.45 kb mature mRNA. This smaller mRNA ends at a putative double stem-loop structure [6].

Evolution

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Labs working on this gene

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References

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Structured Information

Gene Name	{{{GeneName}}}
Description	{{{Description}}}
Version	{{{Version}}}
Length	{{{Length}}}
Definition	{{{Definition}}}
Source	{{{Source}}}
Chromosome	{{{Chromosome}}}
Location	{{{AP}}}
Sequence Coding Region	{{{CDS}}}
Genome Context	{{{GCID}}}
Gene Structure (RNA Editing)	{{{GSID}}}
Protein Sequence	{{{AA}}}
Gene Sequence	{{{DNA}}}
External Link(s)	{{{Link}}}