Os07g0261200

Ghd7 is a gene controlling rice grain number per panicle,plant height,heading stage,and the main effect of QTL.

Grain Number, Plant Height, and Heading Date7（Ghd7） Is a Central Regulator of Growth, Development, and Stress Response in rice

Function

In long sunshine condition, the enhanced expression of Ghd7 could delay the earing, increase the plant height and grain number per panicle, and the natural mutant with weaken function can grow to temperate and even colder regions. Ghd7, therefore, has a very important role for an potential increase and adaptability in global rice yield . PhyA alone or phyB and phyC work together can induce Ghd7 mRNA accumulation, and phyB alone can reduce the Ghd7 mRNA level to some degree. In addition phyB and phyA can influence the actiity of the Ghd7 and Hd1 respectively. Hd2 and Hd16, Hd2 and genetic interactions between Ghd7. Hd2 and its genetic interactions has a very important role for heading stage by controlling the condition of long sunshine.

Grain number, plant height, and heading date7 (Ghd7) has been regarded as an important regulator of heading date and yield potential in rice;As a long-day dependent negative regulator of heading date, the degree of phenotypic effect of Ghd7 on heading date and yield traits is quantitatively related to the transcript level and is also influenced by both environmental conditions and genetic backgrounds. Ghd7 regulates yield traits through modulating panicle branching independent of heading date. Ghd7 also regulates plasticity of tiller branching by mediating the PHYTOCHROME B-TEOSINTE BRANCHED1 pathway;so,Ghd7 functions to integrate the dynamic environmental inputs with phase transition, architecture regulation, and stress response to maximize the reproductive success of the rice plant.

Grain number, plant height, andheading date7 (Ghd7) encoding a CCT (CONSTANS,CONSTANS-LIKE, and TIMING OF CHLOROPHYLL A/B BINDING1) domain protein is considered to be a key regulator of the rice-specific flowering pathway and also contributes to rice yield potential;Ghd7 controls the critical daylength response of Early heading date1 (Ehd1) and florigen expression through circadian gating and phytochrome action.

Localization

Ghd7 is located in rice chromosome 7 between markers R1440 and C1023; Further,percisely it is located between RM5436 and RM2256 range ,the length of which is 79 KB

Expression

Ghd7 cDNA of Minghui 63 is 1013 bp, encoding a nucleoprotein composed of 257 amino acid , the product is protein structure,ie,a CCT (CO, CO - LIKE the and TIMING OF CAB1) , and the CCTS OF arabidopsis CO protein domain has a lot OF similarities, but differently. it has no obvious zinc finger protein structure, and these two protein homologous relationship is not too big.

Drought, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, and high-temperature stress strongly repressed Ghd7 expression, whereas low temperature enhanced Ghd7 expression. Overexpression of Ghd7 increased drought sensitivity, whereas knock-down of Ghd7 enhanced drought tolerance. Gene chip analysis of expression profiles revealed that Ghd7 was involved in the regulation of multiple processes, including flowering time, hormone metabolism, and biotic and abiotic stresses. Ghd7 is encoded by Ghd7 .Considering that the nucleotide diversity in the coding regioncannot exactly represent the protein diversity owing to synonymous SNPs in exons, Ghd7 protein diversity was analyzed in the present study. [[File:Figure 3. Protein diversity of Ghd7.jpg.Figure 3. Protein diversity of Ghd7. The two exons (indicated in black rectangle) and the 59 and 39 UTRs (indicated in white rectangle) of Ghd7 are shown in graphics on the top. The first row indicates the position of the SNPs, the last row reveals the amino acid change. Gray indicates synonymous SNP. Eight types of Ghd7 protein were identified. Ghd7-0 was a permutation type. Hap indicates the haplotypes that share the same protein type. The numbers in the right column are the numbers of cultivars (cvs) represented in every protein type.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0034021.g003]

Labs working on this gene

1.National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China

2.Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo,and Functional Plant Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences

3.QTL Genomics Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan

4.Institute of the Society for Techno-innovation of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8518, Japan

References

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1. Xiaoyu Weng;Lei Wang;Jia Wang;Yong Hu;Hao Du;Caiguo Xu;Yongzhong Xing;Xianghua Li;Jinghua Xiao;Qifa Zhang

 Grain Number, Plant Height, and Heading Date7 Is a Central Regulator of Growth, Development, and Stress Response
 Plant Physiology, 2014, 164(2): 735-747

2. Li Lu;Wenhao Yan;Weiya Xue;Di Shao;Yongzhong Xing

 Evolution and Association Analysis of Ghd7 in Rice
 PLoS ONE, 2012, 7(5): e34021

3. Asami Osugi;Hironori Itoh;Kyoko Ikeda-Kawakatsu;Makoto Takano;Takeshi Izawa

 Molecular dissection of the roles of phytochrome in photoperiodic flowering in rice
 Plant Physiology, 2011, 157(3): 1128-1137

4. Taeko Shibaya;Yasunori Nonoue;Nozomi Ono;Utako Yamanouchi;Kiyosumi Hori;Masahiro Yano

 Genetic interactions involved in the inhibition of heading by heading date QTL, Hd2 in rice under long-day conditions
 Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2011, 123(7): 1133-1143

5. Weiya Xue;Yongzhong Xing;Xiaoyu Weng;Yu Zhao;Weijiang Tang;Lei Wang;Hongju Zhou;Sibin Yu;Caiguo Xu;Xianghua Li & Qifa Zhang

 Natural variation in Ghd7 is an important regulator of heading date and yield potential in rice
 Nature Genetics, 2008, 40(6): 761-767