Os10g0405500

The rice PAIR3 plays a crucial role in homologous chromosome pairing and synapsis in meiosis, which is important for eukaryotic sexual reproduction.

Annotated Information

Figure 1. Chromosome behavior in Wild type.(from reference) .

Figure 2. Chromosome behavior in Pair3 mutants (from reference) .

Function

Meiosis is essential for eukaryotic sexual reproduction and important for genetic diversity among individuals. PAIR3(HOMOLOGOUS PAIRING ABERRATION IN RICE MEIOSIS 3) localize to the chromosome core during prophase I and associated with both unsynapsed axial elements and synapsed lateral elements .PAIR3 plays a crucial role in homologous chromosome pairing and synapsis in meiosis.PAIR3 functions in male meiosis. The cells of the parietal layer including the tapetum appeared to be normal, indicating that PAIR3 did not function in anther wall development and that the male sterile mutant phenotype was not due to defects in anther wall development. This is different from the situation frequently reported in the literature inwhich male sterility is often associated with defects in tapetum development. PAIR3 may not function in tapetal degeneration. If it is mutation during meiosis in rice, rice could not form bivalents and result in sterility in both male and female gametes. PAIR3 was essential for bouquet formation, homologous pairing and normal recombination, and synaptonemal complex assembly.It is required for normal development of the resulting microspores and embryo sac formation.

Wild Type VS. Mutant

The researh by Kejian Wang et al. described the difference of chromosome behavior between PAIR3 mutants and wild type in 2011:

• In the wild type, chromosomes began to condense and form thin lines at leptotene(Figure 1A). In zygotene, pairing and synapsis occurred between homologous chromosomes(Figure 1B). The synapsis was completed, and 12 fully synapsed chromosomes were clearly visible at pachytene(Figure 1C). With further chromosome condensation occurring in diplotene and diakinesis, SCs were gradually disassembled and the paired homologous chromosomes were held together by chiasmata(Figure 1D). At metaphase I, all bivalents were aligned along the equatorial plate(Figure 1E). Subsequently, homologous chromosomes were separated from each other and moved to the opposite poles of the cell at anaphase I(Figure 1F). The second meiotic division was very similar to mitosis and finally produced tetrad spores(Figure 1, G–I).
• In the PAIR3 mutant, there was no obvious difference during leptotene, compared with the wild type(Figure 2A ).However, pairing between homologous chromosomes was not observed from zygotene to pachytene (Figure 2, B and C ). During diakinesis and metaphase I, many randomly distributed univalents were found (Figure 2D ). In telophase I and prophase II, an uneven number of chromosomes could be seen in the two related cells (Figure 2, F and G ). After the second division, tetrads and polyads with different numbers of chromosomes were formed (Figure 2, H–L ).

Expression

RT-PCR analyses by Wenya Yuan et al. shows that PAIR3 was expressed at a very low level in vegetative organs(root, stem, shoots and leaf). It was preferentially expressed in the meiocytes, especially during the male and female meiosis stages.

Evolution

As PAIR3 shows no strong similarity with known proteins in Arabidopsis and other model organisms, it is likely to be a newly evolved meiotic protein in rice. The only motif found in PAIR3 is coiled-coil domain.

Knowledge Extension

How haploid gametes are generated from diploid somatic cells is a interesting question in cytogenetics. Two important procedures are involed in it: Mitosis and Meiosis.

• The term mitosis was first introduced by Walther Flemming, who made detailed observations of chromosomes during cell division in Salamandra maculosa. His results were published in 1878 and then in the seminal book Zellsubstanz, Kern und Zelltheilung (1882; Cell substance, nucleus and cell division).During mitosis, one round of DNA replication is followed by a single round of chromosome segregation, thus generating two genetically identical daughter cells).
• The term meiosis was coined by Farmer and Moore meaning reduction in chromosome number. It is achieved by one round of DNA replication being followed by two rounds of chromosome segregation with no intervening round of DNA replication. Fusion of two gametes during sexual reproduction restores the diploid complement of chromosomes in the zygote that gives rise to a new individual. Meiosis was devided into several stages including Meiosis I, Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diplotene, Diakinesis, Synchronous processes, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I and Meiosis II.

Labs working on this gene

• National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
  
• Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
  
• State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

Structured Information

Gene Name	Os10g0405500
Description	Conserved hypothetical protein
Version	NM_001071094.2 GI:297610454 GeneID:4348581
Length	6865 bp
Definition	Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os10g0405500, complete gene.
Source	Oryza sativa Japonica Group ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
Chromosome	Chromosome 10
Location	Chromosome 10:14199602..14206466
Sequence Coding Region	14199602..14199622,14200704..14202353,14202462..14202609,14203640..14203780,14203853..14203913 ,14204006..14204155,14204276..14204334,14204853..14204987,14205733..14205824 ,14205915..14205979,14206451..14206466
Expression	GEO Profiles:Os10g0405500
Genome Context	<gbrowseImage1> name=NC_008403:14199602..14206466 source=RiceChromosome10 preset=GeneLocation </gbrowseImage1>
Gene Structure	<gbrowseImage2> name=NC_008403:14199602..14206466 source=RiceChromosome10 preset=GeneLocation </gbrowseImage2>
Coding Sequence	<cdnaseq>atggaattgcatatttgcctcgctacatcaagtgactattggagtttggccagcaatcaatatccatgtggtaaattccctaaggtatcagttggcgtcacaattccaaggacgagttctgtatcaagaggcagagatgctgctagtaccgctgcatttgagaagaacttgtctcagggaactgatggaagatctagacctcccaaaatggataatgcttcacttcaggtctctccagaagcagcaaaccacggcggatctgctaaagaggttcctaaacctgtccctgctaaggtttctgtatcacaacctgatgataatgcaattgagcaaacaggaaccttttcctttggaacaagaagagaacaggacagtcatcttgatcaattagataggccaccacttgtgagttcccaaggaaagcgtcaagtggaatcagctgataaaaacaagcccaacagtgaaatgctcaggatgaaactgtgggagatccttggtggtacttcacaaaacaaggaggctgttgcctcaccaaatcctgaagatattgagacgccatgccaacctaaaagtcaaattgccaatggaccatcttcaggaagacagaaggttttcacttcacctgttccatataatattaagacaccagctcagtttaatagtcaaacagcgaacaaaccatcctctgatccaattgagtcagactccgacagtcctcaagtagttgaagtaagacctattactcgttcgctggggcgcaagaaagaaccaacaggctccacacatcaggataagagcgggagtgcaaagaaaccattgtctactcatcgttctacacccaagcagaaaatattggacaatgtgtttgccttcaacgataaatgcacacctaaaacagtaggaaaatctgcaaatggtgaatctggcagcttgaggaatcttagaagcttgagtaggagggctaaagttgagccaaagaaggcacattgttcggacaggatttctcataagactacacaggatgatatggaaagaaaggtaccttctaaatatataccatcagagaaaaaaggtgagaaaacaaactccttttcttctttatcccgaacaggaaaaactgctgagagttgttctagaagccctaaaagggagagaagggtgaacacgatggctaatgttggggctcgaaagatgcagttatctgaaaatttactggtcaagactctaaatgatggtgaacacaagctctcttctcctcagcttacttcctttaagagcaagggaaaatgttcttctatatcgcctcaacagaaggagaatgataatacccacatccctgaagcttcagacagaacagcagcaagaaatagttttaactccacaccttctcctgctgctaatccatctcctgtactgaggaagtactcatgggaacatgatgagaatcctgcgataaatggtaaatctggacagaaggatgccagtccgttggcagacagattcagcgacatgccagatgattttgcaagtcctacttttgcagcaaacataaaaatatccccccacagaagtaaaatgctagacgatgacctatttagctccaaatatccaaaaggtgtgaacaggtcaagatcaacttcctttacctcggatccagaatcggagccattggacaaaatggagaaaaccaacgagttacctggcagtgaatctcctaactctcaggaggaaagacagaacagaaaacaaccacatctttcacccctttctcctattgagagtgaaggggctcaaatttctattccaagctttagaaaaggatataaatctcataaatggctttcagatgttgacagccctgataaatcttctattgagcatctgggccgaaaatcacatctaaaagagggtagaaagggcaaaaggcaattaacttcgccaacccattttgccacctctgggacgcaagaaacaatgtcagacaaagaaccagaaaaagtcccagaaaactacctaaccagggcttttgatcagttagtagtggtgctaggaaggttccaaaccaaaatcaagtctgaaacaaggaataaaagttctaagatacttgcagctactggagagataatacgccagcaccttgaaggggttgaggggcagatgcaggctgatgtggacaagctggtcaatgcaggaaaatctaaaaggaaacgtctagagtcaacatttgaagagcaacaagaaaagttaaggattcttcacgagaagttcaaggaggaggtcaaccagcagttgctcggttgcaagaactctgttgaggattttgaggcttaccatgcagaacttaagggagttgctgacaagcaaaaagcctcacacaagaagctccttcaaaatgctgagaagacagtcggcgctcagctgagcgacgcggaaaccaaaatcgctgaggtccagaagagggcacggaagaggatgaagggcctcaaatttgtgctcaaggagctcattgcagaaactgcagattgtaacgggagctaa</cdnaseq>
Protein Sequence	<aaseq>MELHICLATSSDYWSLASNQYPCGKFPKVSVGVTIPRTSSVSRG RDAASTAAFEKNLSQGTDGRSRPPKMDNASLQVSPEAANHGGSAKEVPKPVPAKVSVS QPDDNAIEQTGTFSFGTRREQDSHLDQLDRPPLVSSQGKRQVESADKNKPNSEMLRMK LWEILGGTSQNKEAVASPNPEDIETPCQPKSQIANGPSSGRQKVFTSPVPYNIKTPAQ FNSQTANKPSSDPIESDSDSPQVVEVRPITRSLGRKKEPTGSTHQDKSGSAKKPLSTH RSTPKQKILDNVFAFNDKCTPKTVGKSANGESGSLRNLRSLSRRAKVEPKKAHCSDRI SHKTTQDDMERKVPSKYIPSEKKGEKTNSFSSLSRTGKTAESCSRSPKRERRVNTMAN VGARKMQLSENLLVKTLNDGEHKLSSPQLTSFKSKGKCSSISPQQKENDNTHIPEASD RTAARNSFNSTPSPAANPSPVLRKYSWEHDENPAINGKSGQKDASPLADRFSDMPDDF ASPTFAANIKISPHRSKMLDDDLFSSKYPKGVNRSRSTSFTSDPESEPLDKMEKTNEL PGSESPNSQEERQNRKQPHLSPLSPIESEGAQISIPSFRKGYKSHKWLSDVDSPDKSS IEHLGRKSHLKEGRKGKRQLTSPTHFATSGTQETMSDKEPEKVPENYLTRAFDQLVVV LGRFQTKIKSETRNKSSKILAATGEIIRQHLEGVEGQMQADVDKLVNAGKSKRKRLES TFEEQQEKLRILHEKFKEEVNQQLLGCKNSVEDFEAYHAELKGVADKQKASHKKLLQN AEKTVGAQLSDAETKIAEVQKRARKRMKGLKFVLKELIAETADCNGS</aaseq>
Gene Sequence	<dnaseqindica>1..21#1103..2752#2861..3008#4039..4179#4252..4312#4405..4554#4675..4733#5252..5386#6132..6223#6314..6378#6850..6865#atggaattgcatatttgcctcgttcgtaaacctatcgtgtaggtttccgttggatgattggatcctgaattctgtccgattgtttttgtctctctaaattatggttatctgccgcaagtgttaggctatgttagtgtcgcattccgcagtatttttcacggagttgggttcttctagatagtgagtggagcctggattgtgtattatgtttgtggaagaagatctcttaatgctgagggcacatttaaattgctgatacacaatattggtttgatatgtttgtaatggactgttcctagaatttcactgggggtactaaattgacttgttggacatgcagtctatttaatttgagcctcagtgcagcagtacactgttgcagttatcaatcaaaagcaagttgttagcaatcaaatcatccagcttagaaatttaggtgtggtactgtggttatgtaatgcagctccaccaccactgtagtaatttaaagttgacagttgtagtacaacgatgcagttatttgttactacttttcaatgctagtttcttttccaagcgtgattgcaatattgccatgtgacaatcttttacatgtattgcctgctgaatcaggaaaaagaagtacagatgtatcactaattcacttatgctttggtaggctagttgaggatcagtgtcccttgcccccatgtcaatgcttatttgcggtgttttcgcccttgctgatacagctgtgcttctcacatgtgatggcagatttgaaatttcttcctataaccatgcttgataaagatgtgctttgcaagacctctgtattcatttgctaagcataattttgattctgaaagattgtctcagaccagtagaatcttgtcttatgcagttgtttttctattcaccaggtccaaccttctttagttaatttggtatactattatcccaaaagctgcacctatggaagttgagctgacgaacattcagaaagtgagtagctatttcctctgctaagctgctggatgctttcctttttcatgttatcctttcaccttcagatgttttttcattatagtattaaaaaagttagcatgttatacttttgtaggctacatcaagtgactattggagtttggccagcaatcaatatccatgtggtaaattccctaaggtatcagttggcgtcacaattccaaggacgagttctgtatcaagaggcagagatgctgctagtaccgctgcatttgagaagaacttgtctcagggaactgatggaagatctagacctcccaaaatggataatgcttcacttcaggtctctccagaagcagcaaaccacggcggatctgctaaagaggttcctaaacctgtccctgctaaggtttctgtatcacaacctgatgataatgcaattgagcaaacaggaaccttttcctttggaacaagaagagaacaggacagtcatcttgatcaattagataggccaccacttgtgagttcccaaggaaagcgtcaagtggaatcagctgataaaaacaagcccaacagtgaaatgctcaggatgaaactgtgggagatccttggtggtacttcacaaaacaaggaggctgttgcctcaccaaatcctgaagatattgagacgccatgccaacctaaaagtcaaattgccaatggaccatcttcaggaagacagaaggttttcacttcacctgttccatataatattaagacaccagctcagtttaatagtcaaacagcgaacaaaccatcctctgatccaattgagtcagactccgacagtcctcaagtagttgaagtaagacctattactcgttcgctggggcgcaagaaagaaccaacaggctccacacatcaggataagagcgggagtgcaaagaaaccattgtctactcatcgttctacacccaagcagaaaatattggacaatgtgtttgccttcaacgataaatgcacacctaaaacagtaggaaaatctgcaaatggtgaatctggcagcttgaggaatcttagaagcttgagtaggagggctaaagttgagccaaagaaggcacattgttcggacaggatttctcataagactacacaggatgatatggaaagaaaggtaccttctaaatatataccatcagagaaaaaaggtgagaaaacaaactccttttcttctttatcccgaacaggaaaaactgctgagagttgttctagaagccctaaaagggagagaagggtgaacacgatggctaatgttggggctcgaaagatgcagttatctgaaaatttactggtcaagactctaaatgatggtgaacacaagctctcttctcctcagcttacttcctttaagagcaagggaaaatgttcttctatatcgcctcaacagaaggagaatgataatacccacatccctgaagcttcagacagaacagcagcaagaaatagttttaactccacaccttctcctgctgctaatccatctcctgtactgaggaagtactcatgggaacatgatgagaatcctgcgataaatggtaaatctggacagaaggatgccagtccgttggcagacagattcagcgacatgccagatgattttgcaagtcctacttttgcagcaaacataaaaatatccccccacagaagtaaaatgctagacgatgacctatttagctccaaatatccaaaaggtgtgaacaggtcaagatcaacttcctttacctcggatccagaatcggagccattggtatgcttcaatctctaaagcagattgcaactttagtaaatggttctgtttatactctacgtagcagagcaattttatccgtttgacactaattgttctactgtccaggacaaaatggagaaaaccaacgagttacctggcagtgaatctcctaactctcaggaggaaagacagaacagaaaacaaccacatctttcacccctttctcctattgagagtgaaggggctcaaatttctattccaagctttagaaaaggtcagaacgccatcaatgccaattttctaggctctttattaaaaaggggtagacatgctcctgtcatgtttaatgcttccattctagactcaaaggtagccatgctaacttacagtgcactacccccttattctgcatgtggaccatacttattggacagaaatcttatgtatatgtaattatgtatttcaagcacctcttgaatttatcatttaggtcataggatcaacactggccataatccttataacatttgcataatctgtcagatcaatcctgttagtattggtgttcatgatatgtacacttattttattggtgcaaattttgacatcgttacttttggcctcataaacgctcgaagtttgactatttgaacattgaattctaactatactggcaagcatatttgcagggttgttagtggtgagattgcaaaaaagaaaaaaaatttctgtgtcacccacttcatttacttgacctttttatgacaattacacattttatgtgacatgataaatgagtatttgtgtttgcttttgctgtcattttcgattagtgctgccttactaagccgttagatgtcttccaggtaacctgctattgtaacttgtgttcactggcctgaccgcagaaaatttcctaaattcctttttgtggctgtatagttaggctcttcagattttcagctatgtcttgctgctaggtcacaacatttttttgcaactgaaggatcttgaaacttgaaagtgccaattcatgagagcatgccgtttgtgtgatagctgacaagtggcatagcagcaacaagtggcatattctgccatgtgcaagcatatccttagtttacatatatttcatcagaactgtttaccatgttaaattcgctattagtttagttattcgactgtattattttcagcctttcagaacattaattacttgagctaaagttctcattggagatgcacacatctatctatcttaaagttgcttattcatgccttgtcgctttgtttttcacatgcaggatataaatctcataaatggctttcagatgttgacagccctgataaatcttctattgagcatctgggccgaaaatcacatctaaaagagggtagaaagggcaaaaggcaattaacttcgccaacccattttgccacctctggtaacactgattactttactgttgtgcttgtgcattcatggttttcggtctgaccaatattttttttctcagggacgcaagaaacaatgtcagacaaagaaccagaaaaagtcccagaaaactacctaaccaggtttgacttaggtcattgtggcttaaatagtaggtacaaacatgattgctagtttgctacttggattaatttcatttcttgacttccaccagggcttttgatcagttagtagtggtgctaggaaggttccaaaccaaaatcaagtctgaaacaaggaataaaagttctaagatacttgcagctactggagagataatacgccagcaccttgaaggggttgaggggcagatgcaggctgatgtgtaagatcgagtgccagtgccacttagaaactgcctcttttcttctttatgcacatgcgattgtatataggccagatatgtactgcctctttcatgcatggcatttaactgtgatttcagggacaagctggtcaatgcaggaaaatctaaaaggaaacgtctagagtcaacatttgaaggtaaaactctaatcatgtcgatgcaaccattcataatgcaattaatctatgagggcatgatgtggcaatattttttatccaactattgtttgttgtaactgtaacattttttattctacgtatttggattattcatctcatgtaacacaaactcttaaatcttgattcatcaatacagagtcatgtttgaactctagatagaatgtttgaagtctactacaggataacaatgtaatctgcctgttcccttggtttggttggctagaatgacaagtaatttgaaatggagggaacattagtttgagaaaatctcatgcagtatttgtcttattctgcctgcaatcatctgatgtggcttggacgcttggtctttatctacttcgttattttgatctcgtattatatactgagttaaatctcaatatgcaactgtatataatgttacaacttctttttccttcatgccttgtttttcttggatgattttaactattcaactgatgtcttctggtttgcagagcaacaagaaaagttaaggattcttcacgagaagttcaaggaggaggtcaaccagcagttgctcggttgcaagaactctgttgaggattttgaggcttaccatgcagaacttaagggagttgctgacaagcaaagtaagttaaacttaatacatacactatctttatgaatgggactgaagcaattaaagatttcttaccaatgtacacctgaaaatcccataaaaataatgtacacctgaaaaaagtctctaaggttgcaaagccatgttaacattctatatactgagcctgatgaactattccctccatctcacaacctaggaggcaccaagtaagaaccaataaatgttgagatgaccataaatatgcctactaaatgacatgctagacacactctacctgttttacagctttaaattagggtataatagaaaagggtggaatatttacattaattatgaaaagaatgtatcccgaaaaggacgggcagtttttgtgaaatgtaggaagtatggttataagcatttccattggaattctctacttacaaattggtaacactacatgttatccagtcatttgtacttcaactctttcttagtatagttaaaatcacacgtttagttttcgtgaaaaaacctaacgaatttagttgaaaagaatgacagcccaatcttcgtatgaagtgagttttctgagaggttcgccggttcccctgcaatggcatacttgtccagtgacataactccagctttgatcctctcttagcactattaggatgcaagttatggtgtggttaacaggacaaccacttcaaggattctatttatactaccgttcactgacccatggtgtgtgctaatatttgcatcaacagaagcctcacacaagaagctccttcaaaatgctgagaagacagtcggcgctcagctgagcgacgcggaaaccaaaatcgctgaggtccagaaggtgagccaatgcaacttttaaaccatcctgataagtgataaccatatatctaccaaatgctcaatctgtttttgacacgttgcttttcagagggcacggaagaggatgaagggcctcaaatttgtgctcaaggagctcattgcagaaactgcagagtaacccaaccaaagttggttcactctgcacaagtacatagcaaaggtgtattgaccaggacgtacagtttcacttacaaataggctactgtttcatttacaaagggttaaaggagaatttacaaaagggtacaggagaatagtgtcagaatgcatataggtttcttaccagatgaacttttcacagcatacattcaaggattctattctttccattagcatacattcttcgcctagctatcagatagacatgcattgttaccggcgtgccagtttgaataatttacattcctgagaaccgacacattttctgtgtactgtaatcgtattttatgaaaattgaaaattcataagttggaacatctactgcaaagttgcgatgcaaatgctcattgtacttggtttggtggcaatgttctctccattatttcagctgtgaagaatgtgtaatgtgtacatatgtttctgcagttgtaacgggagctaa</dnaseqindica>
External Link(s)	NCBI Gene:Os10g0405500, RefSeq:Os10g0405500