Difference between revisions of "Os04g0619300"
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| − | + | ''Ctb1'' is one of the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for cold tolerance in the introgression on chromosome 4 of rice. | |
==Annotated Information== | ==Annotated Information== | ||
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===Function=== | ===Function=== | ||
| − | Low temperatures during the booting stage reduce rice yields by causing cold-induced male sterility | + | Low temperatures during the booting stage reduce rice yields by causing cold-induced male sterility<ref name="ref1">K. Saito, Y. Hayano-Saito, M. Kuroki, Y. Sato,(2010) Map-based cloning of the rice cold tolerance gene ''Ctb1'', Plant Science, 179:97–102.</ref>. ''Ctb1'' is a QTL for cold tolerance, which is located in the introgression on chromosome 4<ref name="ref2">K. Saito, K. Miura, K. Nagano, Y. Hayano-Saito, H. Araki, A. Kato, (2001) Identification of two closely linked quantitative trait loci for cold tolerance on chromosome 4 of rice and their association with anther length, Theor. Appl. Genet. 103: 862–868.</ref>. Researches mapped ''Ctb1'' to a 17-kb region containing two genes that encode an F-box protein and a ser/thr protein kinase. Both genes were cloned from a cold-tolerant variety, Norin-PL8, and introduced into a cold-sensitive variety, Hokkai241, and a cold-sensitive line, BT4-74-8. The cold tolerance of T2 and T3 progenies was assessed by measuring the degree of spikelet fertility in plants treated with cool water irrigation (19◦C, 25 cm) or cool air (12◦C, 4 days). |
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| + | [[File:Anther.JPG|left|thumb|600px|''Table. 1 Cold tolerance, heading date and anther length of the near-isogenic lines(NILs) and parental varieties (from reference <ref name="ref2" />).'']][[File:Seed.JPG|center|thumb|450px|''Fig. 1. Relation between cold tolerance and anther length shown in Table 1. Circles represent the NILs: open circles represent the NILs without either Ctb-1or Ctb-2, and closed circles represent the NILs with Ctb-1and/or Ctb-2. Open and closed triangles represent Kirara397 and Norin-PL8, respectively (from reference <ref name="ref2" />).'']] | ||
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| − | + | The results indicated that the F-box protein gene confers cold tolerance. Cold tolerance is associated with greater anther length, which is one of major factors in cold tolerance at the booting stage. Ctb-1 expressed cold tolerance by producing a large anther. The transgenic plants had longer anthers than non-transformed controls. The F-box protein encoded by ''Ctb1'' interact with a subunit of the E3 ubiquitin ligase, Skp1, suggesting that an ubiquitin–proteasome pathway is involved in cold tolerance at the booting stage<ref name="ref1">K. Saito, Y. Hayano-Saito, M. Kuroki, Y. Sato,(2010) Map-based cloning of the rice cold tolerance gene ''Ctb1'', Plant Science, 179:97–102.</ref>. | |
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| − | '''GO assignment(s)''': GO:0003674 GO:0005634 | + | '''GO assignment(s)''': GO:[http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0003674 0003674] GO:[http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005634 0005634] GO:[http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008150 0008150] |
===Expression=== | ===Expression=== | ||
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| − | Fig. 2 RT-PCR and structural analysis of the Ctb1 candidate genes. (a) Expression of genes encoding F-box protein (FB) and a ser/thr protein kinase(PK) in mature leaves (L) and young panicles (YP) from a cold sensitive variety Kirara397 (K) and a cold-tolerant variety Norin-PL8 (N). ACTIN gene was used as a reference. (b) Diagrams of DNA fragments containing the FB and PK genes cloned from Norin-PL8 genomic DNA. Black rectangles, black triangles, and open triangles indicate putative exons, initiation codons, and stop codons, respectively< | + | [[File:PCR.JPG|center|thumb|450px|''Fig. 2 RT-PCR and structural analysis of the ''Ctb1'' candidate genes. (a) Expression of genes encoding F-box protein (FB) and a ser/thr protein kinase(PK) in mature leaves (L) and young panicles (YP) from a cold sensitive variety Kirara397 (K) and a cold-tolerant variety Norin-PL8 (N). ACTIN gene was used as a reference. (b) Diagrams of DNA fragments containing the FB and PK genes cloned from Norin-PL8 genomic DNA. Black rectangles, black triangles, and open triangles indicate putative exons, initiation codons, and stop codons, respectively (from reference <ref name="ref1" />).'']] |
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| + | Sequence analyses indicated no polymorphism between Norin-PL8 and Kirara397 in the coding regions but several polymorphisms (mostly single nucleotide polymorphisms) in the 5’ upstream regions of both F-box protein (FB) and a ser/thr protein kinase(PK). Comparing the expression of the genes in Norin-PL8 and Kirara397 by RT-PCR analysis, PK was expressed in mature leaves and young panicles. By contrast, FB was expressed preferentially in young panicles, suggesting that FB was a more likely candidate to be ''Ctb1''. No differences were observed in expression levels between Norin-PL8 and Kirara397<ref name="ref1">K. Saito, Y. Hayano-Saito, M. Kuroki, Y. Sato,(2010) Map-based cloning of the rice cold tolerance gene ''Ctb1'', Plant Science, 179:97–102.</ref>. | ||
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| + | ===Evolution=== | ||
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| + | K.Saito et al<ref name="ref2">K. Saito, K. Miura, K. Nagano, Y. Hayano-Saito, H. Araki, A. Kato, (2001) Identification of two closely linked quantitative trait loci for cold tolerance on chromosome 4 of rice and their association with anther length, Theor. Appl. Genet. 103: 862–868.</ref> concluded that there are at least two QTLs for cold tolerance in the introgression on chromosome 4 of rice, and tentatively designated as Ctb-1 and Ctb-2. | ||
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===Knowledge Extension=== | ===Knowledge Extension=== | ||
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| − | + | Rice is a staple crop cultivated worldwide. However, since it is a cold-sensitive plant that evolved in tropical and subtropical areas, rice yields are greatly reduced under low temperature conditions. One of the factors reducing rice yields is cold-induced male sterility (CIMS). In CIMS, the growth stage that is sensitive to cold is the booting stage, especially the young microspore stage just after meiosis<ref name="ref3">T. Satake, H. Hayase, (1970) Male sterility caused by cooling treatment at the young microspore stage in rice plants, V. Estimation of pollen developmental stage and the most sensitive stage to coolness, Proc. Crop Sci. Soc. Jpn. 39: 468–473.</ref>. Low temperatures at the young microspore stage cause the degeneration of microspores and hypertrophy of tapetal cells<ref name="ref4">I. Nishiyama, (1976) Male sterility caused by cooling treatment at the young microspore stage in rice plants, XIII. Ultrastructure of tapetal hypertrophy without primary wall, Proc. Crop Sci. Soc. Jpn. 45:270–278.</ref>. | |
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==Labs working on this gene== | ==Labs working on this gene== | ||
| − | Natl Agr Res Ctr Hokkaido Reg, Hitsujigaoka 1, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0628555, Japan | + | *Natl Agr Res Ctr Hokkaido Reg, Hitsujigaoka 1, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0628555, Japan |
| − | Univ Florida, IFAS, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA | + | *Univ Florida, IFAS, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA |
| − | N Carolina State Univ, Dept Bot, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA | + | *N Carolina State Univ, Dept Bot, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA |
==References== | ==References== | ||
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<references> | <references> | ||
| − | <ref name="ref1">K. Saito, Y. Hayano-Saito, M. Kuroki, Y. Sato,(2010) Map-based cloning of the rice cold tolerance gene Ctb1, Plant Science, 179:97–102.</ref> | + | |
| + | <ref name="ref1">K. Saito, Y. Hayano-Saito, M. Kuroki, Y. Sato,(2010) Map-based cloning of the rice cold tolerance gene ''Ctb1'', Plant Science, 179:97–102.</ref> | ||
<ref name="ref2">K. Saito, K. Miura, K. Nagano, Y. Hayano-Saito, H. Araki, A. Kato, (2001) Identification of two closely linked quantitative trait loci for cold tolerance on chromosome 4 of rice and their association with anther length, Theor. Appl. Genet. 103: 862–868.</ref> | <ref name="ref2">K. Saito, K. Miura, K. Nagano, Y. Hayano-Saito, H. Araki, A. Kato, (2001) Identification of two closely linked quantitative trait loci for cold tolerance on chromosome 4 of rice and their association with anther length, Theor. Appl. Genet. 103: 862–868.</ref> | ||
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<ref name="ref4">I. Nishiyama, (1976) Male sterility caused by cooling treatment at the young microspore stage in rice plants, XIII. Ultrastructure of tapetal hypertrophy without primary wall, Proc. Crop Sci. Soc. Jpn. 45:270–278.</ref> | <ref name="ref4">I. Nishiyama, (1976) Male sterility caused by cooling treatment at the young microspore stage in rice plants, XIII. Ultrastructure of tapetal hypertrophy without primary wall, Proc. Crop Sci. Soc. Jpn. 45:270–278.</ref> | ||
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</references> | </references> | ||
==Structured Information== | ==Structured Information== | ||
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[[Category:Genes]] | [[Category:Genes]] | ||
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]] | [[Category:Japonica mRNA]] | ||
Latest revision as of 07:12, 12 June 2015
Ctb1 is one of the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for cold tolerance in the introgression on chromosome 4 of rice.
Contents
Annotated Information
Function
Low temperatures during the booting stage reduce rice yields by causing cold-induced male sterility[1]. Ctb1 is a QTL for cold tolerance, which is located in the introgression on chromosome 4[2]. Researches mapped Ctb1 to a 17-kb region containing two genes that encode an F-box protein and a ser/thr protein kinase. Both genes were cloned from a cold-tolerant variety, Norin-PL8, and introduced into a cold-sensitive variety, Hokkai241, and a cold-sensitive line, BT4-74-8. The cold tolerance of T2 and T3 progenies was assessed by measuring the degree of spikelet fertility in plants treated with cool water irrigation (19◦C, 25 cm) or cool air (12◦C, 4 days).
Table. 1 Cold tolerance, heading date and anther length of the near-isogenic lines(NILs) and parental varieties (from reference [2]).
Fig. 1. Relation between cold tolerance and anther length shown in Table 1. Circles represent the NILs: open circles represent the NILs without either Ctb-1or Ctb-2, and closed circles represent the NILs with Ctb-1and/or Ctb-2. Open and closed triangles represent Kirara397 and Norin-PL8, respectively (from reference [2]).
The results indicated that the F-box protein gene confers cold tolerance. Cold tolerance is associated with greater anther length, which is one of major factors in cold tolerance at the booting stage. Ctb-1 expressed cold tolerance by producing a large anther. The transgenic plants had longer anthers than non-transformed controls. The F-box protein encoded by Ctb1 interact with a subunit of the E3 ubiquitin ligase, Skp1, suggesting that an ubiquitin–proteasome pathway is involved in cold tolerance at the booting stage[1].
GO assignment(s): GO:0003674 GO:0005634 GO:0008150
Expression
Fig. 2 RT-PCR and structural analysis of the Ctb1 candidate genes. (a) Expression of genes encoding F-box protein (FB) and a ser/thr protein kinase(PK) in mature leaves (L) and young panicles (YP) from a cold sensitive variety Kirara397 (K) and a cold-tolerant variety Norin-PL8 (N). ACTIN gene was used as a reference. (b) Diagrams of DNA fragments containing the FB and PK genes cloned from Norin-PL8 genomic DNA. Black rectangles, black triangles, and open triangles indicate putative exons, initiation codons, and stop codons, respectively (from reference [1]).
Sequence analyses indicated no polymorphism between Norin-PL8 and Kirara397 in the coding regions but several polymorphisms (mostly single nucleotide polymorphisms) in the 5’ upstream regions of both F-box protein (FB) and a ser/thr protein kinase(PK). Comparing the expression of the genes in Norin-PL8 and Kirara397 by RT-PCR analysis, PK was expressed in mature leaves and young panicles. By contrast, FB was expressed preferentially in young panicles, suggesting that FB was a more likely candidate to be Ctb1. No differences were observed in expression levels between Norin-PL8 and Kirara397[1].
Evolution
K.Saito et al[2] concluded that there are at least two QTLs for cold tolerance in the introgression on chromosome 4 of rice, and tentatively designated as Ctb-1 and Ctb-2.
Knowledge Extension
Rice is a staple crop cultivated worldwide. However, since it is a cold-sensitive plant that evolved in tropical and subtropical areas, rice yields are greatly reduced under low temperature conditions. One of the factors reducing rice yields is cold-induced male sterility (CIMS). In CIMS, the growth stage that is sensitive to cold is the booting stage, especially the young microspore stage just after meiosis[3]. Low temperatures at the young microspore stage cause the degeneration of microspores and hypertrophy of tapetal cells[4].
Labs working on this gene
- Natl Agr Res Ctr Hokkaido Reg, Hitsujigaoka 1, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0628555, Japan
- Univ Florida, IFAS, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA
- N Carolina State Univ, Dept Bot, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 K. Saito, Y. Hayano-Saito, M. Kuroki, Y. Sato,(2010) Map-based cloning of the rice cold tolerance gene Ctb1, Plant Science, 179:97–102.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 K. Saito, K. Miura, K. Nagano, Y. Hayano-Saito, H. Araki, A. Kato, (2001) Identification of two closely linked quantitative trait loci for cold tolerance on chromosome 4 of rice and their association with anther length, Theor. Appl. Genet. 103: 862–868.
- ↑ T. Satake, H. Hayase, (1970) Male sterility caused by cooling treatment at the young microspore stage in rice plants, V. Estimation of pollen developmental stage and the most sensitive stage to coolness, Proc. Crop Sci. Soc. Jpn. 39: 468–473.
- ↑ I. Nishiyama, (1976) Male sterility caused by cooling treatment at the young microspore stage in rice plants, XIII. Ultrastructure of tapetal hypertrophy without primary wall, Proc. Crop Sci. Soc. Jpn. 45:270–278.
