Os07g0512200

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Annotated Information

Function

An essential protein in the yeast or Arabidopsis autophagic pathway is Atg8. OsAtg8 conjugation pathway may be conserved in rice and may play important roles in rice autophagy.[1]

Autophagy occurs at low basal levels in virtually all cells to perform homeostatic functions such as protein and organelle turnover. It is rapidly upregulated when cells need to generate intracellular nutrients and energy, for example, during starvation or high bioenergetic demands. Autophagy is also upregulated when cells are preparing to undergo structural remodeling such as during developmental transitions or to rid themselves of damaging cytoplasmic components, for example, during oxidative stress, infection, or protein aggregate accumulation. Nutritional status, hormonal factors, and other cues like temperature, oxygen concentrations, and cell density are important in the control of autophagy. [2]

ATG8 is a critical component of the autophagy pathway and it is lipid-modified upon activation of autophagy, leading to its association with autophagosomes（7）.

Expression

OsAtg8 could be detected from mature leaves, young leaves, mature roots, young roots, leaf sheaths, and spikes which indicated they are constitutive expressed gene and maybe have important role in rice.[1]

Evolution

The formation of the autophagosome is carried out by a set of autophagy-related proteins (Atg), highly conserved from yeast to mammals. The Atg8s play an essential role in autophagosome biogenesis. This family of proteins comprises a single member in yeast and several mammalian homologues.[3]

A recent genome-wide search revealed significant conservation among autophagy genes (Atgs) in yeast and Arabidopsis, indicating that the molecular basis of autophagy is well conserved in yeast and plants. In Arabidopsis, 25 Atg genes that are homologous to 12 of yeast Atg genes were found [4]. Among them, AtAtg7 and AtAtg9 have been shown to be involved in Arabidopsis autophagy [5], AtAtg8 and AtAtg4 are essential for Arabidopsis autophagy [6].

Labs working on this gene

Wei Su, Haijie Ma, Chao Liu, Jiaxu Wu Institute of Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China

References

[1]Wei Su ,Haijie Ma ,etc.(2006)Identification and characterization of two rice autophagy associated genes, OsAtg8 and OsAtg4.Mol Biol Rep (2006) 33:273–278

[2]Beth Levine and Guido Kroemer.(2008)Autophagy in the Pathogenesis of Disease.Cell 132, January 11, 2008

[3]Slobodkin MR1, Elazar Z.(2013)The Atg8 family: multifunctional ubiquitin-like key regulators of autophagy.Essays Biochem. 2013;55:51-64.

[4]Hanaoka H, Noda T, Shirano Y, Kato T, Hayashi H, Shibata D, Tabata S, Ohsumi Y (2002) Leaf senescence and starvation-induced chlorosis are accelerated by the disruption of an Arabidopsis autophagy gene. Plant Physiol 129:1181–1193

[5]Doelling JH, Walker JM, Friedman EM, Thompson AR, Vierstra RD (2002) The APG8/12-activating enzyme APG7 is required for proper nutrient recycling and senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Biol Chem 277:33105–33114

[6]Yoshimoto K, Hanaoka H, Sato S, Kato T, Tabata S, Noda T, Ohsumi Y (2004) Processing of ATG8s, ubiquitin-like proteins, and their deconjugation by ATG4s are essential for plant autophagy. Plant Cell 16:2967–2983

（7）Minibayeva F, Dmitrieva S, Ponomareva A, et al. Oxidative stress-induced autophagy in plants: The role of mitochondria[J]. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2012, 59: 11-19.