Qsw5

Function

The biological function of gene Qsw5 is that it through increasing the number of cells in rice flowers lemma,then increaseing the capacity of rice husk, and ultimately increase the grain width.Pets the gene loci of  Kasalath qSW5,  the grain width lines into smaller, field production decreased by 10%.But through the gene RNAi regulate ORF1's expression down  (ORF1 is one sets of Kasalath qSW5) ,then can make larger grain width and increase output.Therefore, loss of function qSW5 sites have value in breeding.

Expression Qsw5 can be involved in the expression of rice seed colors . Variation in the colors of the rice seed pericarp of the previous ‘heritage landraces’. These landraces retain all functional alleles of three domestication-related genes (qSW5, Wx and qSH1) at the three FNP positions (Shomura et al. 2008). Use japonica rice Nipponbare with indica rice Kasalath hybrid to biuld F2 population,In the fifth chromosome location to a control grain width of main effect QTL, it ie the Qsw5.Through positional cloning puting qSW5 finly positioning into 2263 bp, Finally,through gene expression analysis, and a complementary experiment to determine which one ORF (open reading frame) of qSW5. Qsw5 can be involved in the expression of rice seed width. Evolution By combining qSW5, wx and qSH1 variation of these three genes form the current "Nipponbare." Genome dynamics for qSW5, Rc and Wx mutations during rice domestication. (A) Geographical origins of the rice cultivars used in this analysis. Six groups (indicated by different colors) are shown. (B) Selected heatmaps of the genomic relationships from the 91 tested japonica rice cultivars (Supplementary Fig. S1), based on the increase in the occurrence of defects in three FNPs of three domesticationrelated genes: qSW5, Rc and Wx. Here, only cultivars with all of the functional Rd1, Rd2 and qSH1 alleles were picked up. In each genotype, upper case letters indicate the functional allele and lower case letters indicate the non-functional allele (colored red). Local origins of each landrace are indicated by colored bars, which correspond to the colors in (A). In the FNP patterns, yellow indicates the functional allele and red indicates the non-functional allele. The heatmap was constructed on the basis of the pairwise genome distance calculated from the RFLP patterns. Colors in the heatmap indicate genome distances from the other cultivars. Each line of the heatmap indicates a specified cultivar with the six FNP genotype among the 91 lines. The yellow box in the heatmap indicates the position for the cultivar of the line among the 91 row cultivars. Each row indicates the genome distance, indicated by colors, to the corresponding cultivar. The order of the top row cultivars was determined by similarity clusters of genome RFLP patterns. The colors at the top correspond here to the local origins. [1]. Alonso-Blanco C, Aarts MG, Bentsink L, Keurentjes JJ, Reymond M, Vreugdenhil D, et al. What has natural variation taught us about plant development, physiology, and adaptation?[J]. The Plant cell. 2009,21(7):1877-96. [2]. Kitagawa K, Kurinami S, Oki K, Abe Y, Ando T, Kono I, et al. A novel kinesin 13 protein regulating rice seed length[J]. Plant & cell physiology. 2010,51(8):1315-29. [3]. Konishi S, Ebana K, Izawa T. Inference of the japonica rice domestication process from the distribution of six functional nucleotide polymorphisms of domestication-related genes in various landraces and modern cultivars[J]. Plant & cell physiology. 2008,49(9):1283-93. [4]. Tanabata T, Shibaya T, Hori K, Ebana K, Yano M. SmartGrain: high-throughput phenotyping software for measuring seed shape through image analysis[J]. Plant physiology. 2012,160(4):1871-80.