Difference between revisions of "Os03g0646900"
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The gene loci of GL3.1 in the paper of Qi (2012), the gene loci of qGL3-1 in the paper of Hu (2012) and the loci of qGL3 of Zhang (2013) are the same loci. | The gene loci of GL3.1 in the paper of Qi (2012), the gene loci of qGL3-1 in the paper of Hu (2012) and the loci of qGL3 of Zhang (2013) are the same loci. | ||
Revision as of 07:31, 6 June 2014
The rice GL3.1; qGL3-1; qGL3; OsPPKL1 gene controls the grain length and yield of rice.
Contents
Annotated Information
Function
The gene loci of GL3.1 in the paper of Qi (2012), the gene loci of qGL3-1 in the paper of Hu (2012) and the loci of qGL3 of Zhang (2013) are the same loci.
GL3.1 encodes a protein phosphatase kelch (PPKL) family — Ser/Thr phosphatase.GL3.1 regulates grain length and yield in rice. GL3.1 regulates grain length by mediating cell cycle progression through affecting the phosphorylation status of cell cycle proteins, such as Cyclin-T1;3, thereby controlling grain yield. GL3.1 directly dephosphorylates its substrate, Cyclin-T1;3, which has only been rarely studied in plants. The downregulation of Cyclin-T1;3 in rice resulted in a shorter grain, which indicates a novel function for Cyclin-T in cell cycle regulation [2].
qGL3, encodes a putative protein phosphatase with Kelch-like repeat domain (OsPPKL1), which has two functional domains. The rice genome has other two OsPPKL1 homologs, OsPPKL2 and OsPPKL3. Transgenic studies showed that OsPPKL1 and OsPPKL3 function as negative regulators of grain length, whereas OsPPKL2 as a positive regulator. The rare allele qgl3 that leads to a long grain phenotype by an aspartate-to-glutamate transition in a conserved AVLDT motif of the second Kelch domain in OsPPKL1 [3] [1]. These findings provide insight into seed development and establish a new tool for improved crop breeding.
Expression
GL3.1 is a widespread gene that influences protein phosphorylation in vivo. A quantitative proteomic analysis using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE) indicated that 21 proteins were differentially expressed in FAZ1 and NIL, of which 18 were upregulated in NIL . Mass spectrometry revealed that the 21 proteins were associated with cellular metabolic processes. Interestingly, actin was upregulated in NIL, which is consistent with the observation that GL3.1 influences the rate of cell proliferation. The phosphopeptides from the young spikelets of FAZ1 and NIL were enriched on the TiO2 beads and quantified using iTRAQ, which confirmed that GL3.1 is a phosphatase. 556 phosphopeptides were detected, and 464 of these molecules were quantified. Proteins showing a 1.5-fold difference between FAZ1 and NIL and demonstrating the same trend when quantified using two different labelling systems were chosen for further analysis. At least 130 proteins demonstrated a different phosphorylation status between FAZ1 and NIL during spikelet development. Gene ontology analysis revealed that these proteins are primarily involved in processes related to nucleic acid metabolism and protein complex assembly.The molecular functions of these proteins include nucleotide binding and the activities of phosphotransferases, helicases and the RNA polymerase II transcription factor. These results strongly suggest that GL3.1 could influence DNA duplication. Thus, GL3.1 may regulate the expression and phosphorylation of a variety of genes involved in metabolism and cell division [2].
Evolution
Phylogenetic analyzes based on genomic BLAST searches demonstrated the widespread existence of GL3.1 in plants , which suggests that GL3.1 has an important conserved function in plants [2].
Labs working on this gene
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China, Jiangxi Super Rice Engineering Technology Research Center, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Institute of Rice Research, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100,China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Shanghai), Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Xiaojun Zhang, Jianfei Wang, Ji Huang, Hongxia Lan, Cailin Wang, Congfei Yin, Yunyu Wu, Haijuan Tang, Qian Qian, Jiayang Li, Hongsheng Zhang. (2012) Rare allele of OsPPKL1 associated with grain length causes extra-large grain and a significant yield increase in rice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109(52): 21534-21539.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Peng Qi, You-Shun Lin, Xian-Jun Song, Jin-Bo Shen, Wei Huang, Jun-Xiang Shan, Mei-Zhen Zhu, Liwen Jiang, Ji-Ping Gao, Hong-Xuan Lin. (2012) The novel quantitative trait locus GL3.1 controls rice grain size and yield by regulating Cyclin-T1,3. Cell Research 22(12): 1666-1680.
- ↑ Zejun Hu, Haohua He, Shiyong Zhang, Fan Sun, Xiaoyun Xin, Wenxiang Wang, Xi Qian, Jingshui Yang, Xiaojin Luo. (2012) A Kelch Motif-Containing Serine/Threonine Protein Phosphatase Determines the Large Grain QTL Trait in Rice. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 54(12): 979-990.
