Difference between revisions of "Os05g0465800"

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(→‎Annotated Information)
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decreased activity of NADPH oxidase. Taken together, these data favored the novel conclusion that PI3K regulated NADPH
 
decreased activity of NADPH oxidase. Taken together, these data favored the novel conclusion that PI3K regulated NADPH
 
oxidase activity through modulating the recruitment of Rac-1 to plasma membrane and accelerated the process of rice seed
 
oxidase activity through modulating the recruitment of Rac-1 to plasma membrane and accelerated the process of rice seed
−
germination
+
germination.
−
[[File:1.jpg|right|thumb|275px|'''Figure 1.''' ''Chromosome behavior in Wild type.(from reference) <ref name="ref1" />.'']]
 
  
 
===Expression===
 
===Expression===
Line 23: Line 22:
 
2+(below10 mM) could further increase the expression of PI3Kin rice seeds after germinated for 12 h. However, when the concentration of Ca2+ was up to 20 mM, thePI3Kexpression began to
 
2+(below10 mM) could further increase the expression of PI3Kin rice seeds after germinated for 12 h. However, when the concentration of Ca2+ was up to 20 mM, thePI3Kexpression began to
 
decrease slightly compared with the treatment with 10 mM
 
decrease slightly compared with the treatment with 10 mM
−
CaCl2(Figure 1B, D).
+
CaCl2(Figure 1B, D).[[File:1.jpg|right|thumb|275px|'''Figure 1.''' ''.Changes ofPI3Kexpression in rice seed after imbibition...(from reference) <ref name="ref1" />.'']]
−
LY294002 and Wortmannin inhibit rice seed germination
+
 
−
Next, Wortmannin and LY294002, two kinds of PI3K
+
LY294002 and Wortmannin inhibit ROS production.To further investigate this relationship between PI3K and ROS,
−
inhibitors with different action mechanisms, were used to test
 
−
the role of PI3K in the de-coated (without pericarp) rice seed
 
−
germination [21]. Following treatment with 60mM LY294002 at
 
−
27uC for four days, the seed germination rate decreased to about
 
−
67.3% compared with the control. And it was further decreased to
 
−
54.0% when the concentration of LY294002 was increased to
 
−
90mM (Figure 2A). The seed germination rate was 55.7% of the
 
−
control in the presence of 20mM Wortmannin and it would be
 
−
decreased to 31.7% of the control with 30mM Wortmannin
 
−
(Figure 2B). Dynamics of seed germination revealed that, relative
 
−
to the control, 60 mM LY294002 or 20mM Wortmannin
 
−
displayed both significant inhibitory effects on the seed germination at any time point (Figure 2C). From these results, we
 
−
reasonably concluded that PI3K played a positive role in rice seed
 
−
germination.
 
−
LY294002 and Wortmannin inhibit ROS production
 
−
PI3K inhibitors suppressed the ROS production in guard cell,
 
−
root hair, and pollen tube [18,19,23]. However, it was uncertain
 
−
that PI3K inhibitors restrained the ROS formation in rice seed
 
−
germination. In our case, it was found that exogenous hydrogen
 
−
peroxide (H2O2) could partly rescue the inhibitory effects of PI3K
 
−
inhibitors on rice seed germination (Figure S1A). This finding
 
−
allowed us to assume the possible association of PI3K with ROS
 
−
production during rice seed germination.
 
−
LY294002 and Wortmannin inhibit ROS production
 
−
PI3K inhibitors suppressed the ROS production in guard cell,
 
−
root hair, and pollen tube [18,19,23]. However, it was uncertain
 
−
that PI3K inhibitors restrained the ROS formation in rice seed
 
−
germination. In our case, it was found that exogenous hydrogen
 
−
peroxide (H2O2) could partly rescue the inhibitory effects of PI3K
 
−
inhibitors on rice seed germination (Figure S1A). This finding
 
−
allowed us to assume the possible association of PI3K with ROS
 
−
production during rice seed germination To further investigate this relationship between PI3K and ROS,
 
 
ROS probe H2
 
ROS probe H2
 
DCFDA was used to examine the characteristics of
 
DCFDA was used to examine the characteristics of
 
ROS production under the treatment of pharmacological
 
ROS production under the treatment of pharmacological
−
inhibitors of PI3K LY294002 (60 mM) or Wortmannin (20mM).
+
inhibitors of PI3K LY294002 (60 mM) or Wortmannin (20mM).[[File:1.jpg|right|thumb|275px|'''Figure 2.''' ''.The effect of PI3K inhibitors LY294002 and Wortmannin on seed germination in rice...(from reference) <ref name="ref1" />.'']]
−
Results demonstrated that, during the imbibition period of 48 h,
 
−
treatment with PI3K inhibitors resulted in lower level of ROS
 
−
production compared with the control (Figure 3A). Meanwhile,
 
−
the change of superoxide anion was also examined through NBT
 
−
staining [33] and XTT test [34]. As shown in Figure 3B, 3C, the
 
−
alteration of superoxide anion was similar with the change of ROS
 
−
level. Interestingly, PI3K inhibitors seemed to suppress ROS not
 
−
only by NADPH oxidase but also other sources (Figure S2). The
 
−
above findings led us to get the conclusion that PI3K inhibitors
 
−
could suppress the formation of ROS in rice seed germination.
 
−
NADPH oxidase is an important source of ROS in rice
 
−
seed germination
 
−
Several studies have showed that ROS plays a key role in seed
 
−
germination [7,35,36]. Here, we also found that rice seed
 
−
germination could be inhibited by ROS scavengers, 10 mM KI
 
−
or 1 Mm ASA (Figure S1B). Subsequently, 100mM diphenylene
 
−
iodonium (DPI), one of the highly effective inhibitor of NADPH
 
−
oxidase [27], was used to explore whether NADPH oxidase is
 
−
involved in ROS production responsible for rice germination. As
 
−
shown in Figure S1B, the germination rate in rice seed treated
 
−
with DPI was lower than that of control. Interestingly, exogenous
 
−
H2O2 (20 mM) could partly rescue the decrease in seed
 
−
germination caused not only by KI and ASA but also by DPI
 
−
(Figure S1B). These phenomenons indicated that NADPH oxidase
 
−
might be the important source of ROS formation in rice seed
 
−
embryo under germination.
 
−
To prove this hypothesis, the concentration of superoxide anion
 
−
was under determination in the absence and presence of 60mm
 
−
LY294002 or 20mm Wortmannin. As shown in Figure 4A, NBT
 
−
was applied to evaluate the quantity of superoxide anion. DPI
 
−
(100 mM) was added before NBT staining. Compared with
 
−
control, exogenous DPI could significantly suppress the formation
 
−
deposits in the embryos.
 
−
To further verify this phenomenon, superoxide anion was
 
−
quantified by XTT [34]. As was illustrated in Figure 4B, under the
 
−
treatment of PI3K inhibitors LY294002 (60 mM) or Wortmannin
 
−
(20 mM), the formation of superoxide anion was obviously
 
−
restricted in contrast with control. These observations confirm
 
−
the idea that NADPH oxidase is an important source of ROS in
 
−
seed germination.
 
 
LY294002 and Wortmannin inhibit the expression of
 
LY294002 and Wortmannin inhibit the expression of
 
NADPH oxidase
 
NADPH oxidase
Line 108: Line 35:
 
production during rice seed germination. Therefore, it is worth
 
production during rice seed germination. Therefore, it is worth
 
assuming that PI3K might control ROS level via regulating
 
assuming that PI3K might control ROS level via regulating
−
NADPH oxidase. In the previous study, it has been proved that
+
NADPH oxidase. In the previous study, it has been proved that PI3K is associated with nuclear transcription sites in higher plant.[[File:1.jpg|right|thumb|275px|'''Figure 3.''' ''..PI3K inhibitors LY294002 and Wortmannin suppressed the ROS generation in rice seed embryos during
−
PI3K is associated with nuclear transcription sites in higher plant
+
germination. .(from reference) <ref name="ref1" />.'']]
−
[12]. Thus, we examined whether PI3K regulated the transcription of NADPH oxidase in rice seed germination. Firstly, in order
 
−
to investigate the types of NADPH oxidase in the rice seed
 
−
germination, the RNA was extracted from wild type rice seed
 
−
imbibed for 24 h. RT-PCR experiments revealed that NADPH
 
−
oxidase Os rboh2, Os rboh4, Os rboh5 and Os rboh9 played a
 
−
primary role in rice seed germination (Figure 5A, B). Besides, the
 
−
dynamics of these types of NADPH oxidase expression was also assayed during the initial 24 h of rice seed germination (Figure 5C,
 
−
D). To investigate whether PI3K promote the transcription of
 
−
NADPH oxidase in the rice seed germination, the expression of
 
−
NADPH oxidase was examined in the presence of 60mm
 
−
LY294002 or 20mm Wortmannin. As shown in Figure 5E, F,
 
−
the PI3K inhibitors notably restrained the expression of NADPH
 
−
oxidae Osrboh9 and slightly suppressed the expression of Osrboh4
 
−
in comparison with other types of NADPH oxidase. On the basis
 
−
of the above results, we drew the conclusion that PI3K could
 
−
promote the transcription of Osrboh4and Osrboh9 other than the
 
−
rest types of NADPH oxidase.
 
−
PI3K is required for subcellular translacaiton of Rac-1
 
−
In mammalian cells, it has been proved that PI3K class I can
 
−
regulate the translocation of cytosolic factors, such as Rac-1. In fact,
 
−
it is necessary for the assembly of the active NADPH oxidase
 
−
complex to translocate Rac-1 to the cell membrane in rice cells [31].
 
−
However, it has been unclear whether PI3K regulates NADPH
 
−
oxidase activity through mediating the translocation of Rac-1. To investigate the possible mechanisms of Rac1 regulated by
 
−
PI3K, western blot was used. The experiment was performed with
 
−
total or membrane protein isolated from rice seed embryo cells
 
−
imbibed for 24 h with or without 60 mM LY294002 or 20mM
 
−
Wortmannin. Western blot analysis of membrane protein
 
−
indicated that the translocation of Rac-1, following the treatment
 
−
of LY294002, was suppressed compared with control, whereas the
 
−
quantity of Rac-1 from the total protein was not obviously altered.
 
−
In addition, compared with that of LY294002, another PI3K
 
−
inhibitor Wortmannin seemed to abate the amount of total Rac1
 
−
while it reduced the amount of membrane Rac1 severely
 
−
(Figure 7A, 7B). These results (Figure 7C, 7D) confirmed the
 
−
speculation that PI3K promoted the translocation of Rac-1 to the
 
−
membrane and thus facilitated the activity of NADPH oxidase
 
−
 
 
 
===Evolution===
 
===Evolution===
−
 
−
Although many papers reported that the seed of PI3K mutant
 
−
showed a reduced germination rate compared with wild type [23],
 
−
it has rarely been directly assayed so far. In this study, we
 
−
elaborately characterized the effects of PI3K on the rice seed
 
−
germination by promoting NADPH oxidase activity. LY294002
 
−
and Wortmannin, two sorts of PI3K specific inhibitor, obviously
 
−
inhibited the rice seed germination. Our mainly study here focused
 
−
on the inhibition of ROS generation (Figure 3) and the
 
−
relationship between PI3K and NADPH oxidase in seed
 
−
germination.
 
−
PI3K activity is closely correlated with rice seed
 
−
germination
 
−
In plant cells, the level of PI3P, as the product of PI3K, were
 
−
relatively low, but turn over rapidly following the alteration of
 
−
external environment [14]. This character determined that the
 
−
level of PI3P maybe has more sensitive response to the external
 
−
stimulation. Thus, we firstly examined the expression of PI3Kin
 
−
rice seed germination (Figure 1A). From 0 hour to 12 hours, the
 
−
expression of PI3K almost raised thirty times than initial
 
−
expression, which obviously indicated the key role of PI3K in
 
−
rice seed germination. Interestingly, the exogenous Ca
 
−
2+
 
−
promoted
 
−
the expression of PI3K(Figure 1B). As we know, the level of Ca
 
−
2+
 
−
rapidly increased following by the uptake of water in the early
 
−
germination. Here, PI3K seemed to be one of the important relay
 
−
station of Ca
 
−
2+
 
−
signal. In previous publication, it had been
 
−
reported that Wortmannin and LY294002 inhibited Ca
 
−
2+
 
−
oscillation induced by ABA [37], which supported the role of
 
−
PI3P in ABA-induced Ca
 
−
2+
 
−
oscillation. In contrast with the above
 
−
studies, our results showed that Ca
 
−
2+
 
−
promoted the expression of
 
−
PI3K. Meanwhile, it was reported that PI3K could also raise the
 
−
levels of intracellular Ca
 
−
2+
 
−
[37]. Therefore, we speculated that
 
−
PI3K and Ca
 
−
2+
 
−
seemed to have a feedback regulated relationship.
 
−
This cycle rapidly altered the total quantities of PI3K and Ca
 
−
2+
 
−
,
 
−
which laid the foundation for fulfilling their functions in the seed
 
−
germination.
 
  
 
==Labs working on this gene==
 
==Labs working on this gene==

Revision as of 08:07, 6 June 2014

Please input one-sentence summary here.

Annotated Information

Function

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) has been reported to be important in normal plant growth and stress responses. In this study, it was verified that PI3K played a vital role in rice seed germination through regulating NADPH oxidase activity. Suppression of PI3K activity by inhibitors wortmannin or LY294002 could abate the reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, which resulted in disturbance to the seed germination. And then, the signal cascades that PI3K promoted the ROS liberation was also evaluated. Diphenylene iodonium (DPI), an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, suppressed most of ROS generation in rice seed germination, which suggested that NADPH oxidase was the main source of ROS in this process. Pharmacological experiment and RT-PCR demonstrated that PI3K promoted the expression of Osrboh9. Moreover, functional analysis by native PAGE and the measurement of the 2, 3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazo-lium-5- carboxanilide (XTT) formazan concentration both showed that PI3K promoted the activity of NADPH oxidase. Furthermore, the western blot analysis of OsRac-1 demonstrated that the translocation of Rac-1 from cytoplasm to plasma membrane, which was known as a key factor in the assembly of NADPH oxidase, was suppressed by treatment with PI3K inhibitors, resulting in the decreased activity of NADPH oxidase. Taken together, these data favored the novel conclusion that PI3K regulated NADPH oxidase activity through modulating the recruitment of Rac-1 to plasma membrane and accelerated the process of rice seed germination.

Expression

Changes of PI3K expression in rice seed after imbibition and the expression of PI3K is regulated by Ca2+. To determine the dynamic expression ofPI3Kin rice seed germination, the total RNA was extracted from the rice seed embryo after imbibition. The result of RT-PCR analysis suggested that PI3K might involve in the regulation of seed germination. Meanwhile, it was found that the expression ofPI3K was increased with the prolongation of imbibition time (Figure 1A).This expression peaked at 12 h and reached 30 times as many as seeds without treatment (Figure 1C). Interestingly, low concentration of Ca 2+(below10 mM) could further increase the expression of PI3Kin rice seeds after germinated for 12 h. However, when the concentration of Ca2+ was up to 20 mM, thePI3Kexpression began to decrease slightly compared with the treatment with 10 mM

CaCl2(Figure 1B, D).
Figure 1. .Changes ofPI3Kexpression in rice seed after imbibition...(from reference) [1].

LY294002 and Wortmannin inhibit ROS production.To further investigate this relationship between PI3K and ROS, ROS probe H2 DCFDA was used to examine the characteristics of ROS production under the treatment of pharmacological

inhibitors of PI3K LY294002 (60 mM) or Wortmannin (20mM).
Figure 2. .The effect of PI3K inhibitors LY294002 and Wortmannin on seed germination in rice...(from reference) [1].

LY294002 and Wortmannin inhibit the expression of NADPH oxidase The earlier studies have reported that NADPH oxidasegenerated ROS plays a key role in seed germination [7,35,36]. As mentioned above, PI3K inhibitors can prevent ROS production during rice seed germination. Therefore, it is worth assuming that PI3K might control ROS level via regulating

NADPH oxidase. In the previous study, it has been proved that PI3K is associated with nuclear transcription sites in higher plant.
Figure 3. ..PI3K inhibitors LY294002 and Wortmannin suppressed the ROS generation in rice seed embryos during germination. .(from reference) [1].

Evolution

Labs working on this gene

MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China

References

Please input cited references here.

Structured Information

Gene Name

Os05g0465800

Description

Similar to RbohAp108

Version

NM_001062318.1 GI:115464366 GeneID:4339045

Length

4894 bp

Definition

Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os05g0465800, complete gene.

Source

Oryza sativa Japonica Group 

 ORGANISM  Oryza sativa Japonica Group
           Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
           Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
           clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
Chromosome

{{{Chromosome}}}

Location

Chromosome 5:22905974..22910867

Sequence Coding Region

22906100..22906400,22907201..22907363,22907440..22907488,22907582..22907695,22907768..22908190
,22908263..22908649,22908733..22908828,22908934..22909049,22909126..22909228
,22909348..22909436,22909542..22909692,22909773..22909922,22910013..22910141
,22910232..22910310,22910391..22910500

Expression

GEO Profiles:Os05g0465800

Genome Context

<gbrowseImage1> name=NC_008398:22905974..22910867 source=RiceChromosome05 preset=GeneLocation </gbrowseImage1>

Gene Structure

<gbrowseImage2> name=NC_008398:22905974..22910867 source=RiceChromosome05 preset=GeneLocation </gbrowseImage2>

Coding Sequence

<cdnaseq>atggcgggggactacgtggacgtgccgctgggcggcggcgggcagagcacgctgccgccggtggcgccgctgaagaagcagccgtcgcggctggcgtccgggatgaagcggctggcgtccatggtgcccgacacgatgaagctgaagcggacgcactccagcgcgcagccggcgctgcgcggcctgcgcttcctcgacaagacgtcggcggggaaggacgggtggaagaacgtcgagaagcggttcgacgagatgagcgccgacggacgcctgccccaggagagcttcgccaaatgcatcggtatggcggattctaaggagtttgcaagcgaggtgtttgtggcattggcgagaaggaggagcatcaaaccagaagatgggataacaaaggaacagctgaaagaattttgggaggagttgactgatcagaactttgattcacgactacgaatattctttgacatgtgtgacaagaatggtgatgggcagcttacagaggacgaggtcaaagaggttattgtgttgagtgccgcagcaaacaaacttgccaagttgaaaagccatgctgcaacctacgcctcactgatcatggaagagctggatcctgatcatcgcggttacattgagatttggcagctggagacgctactccgtggtatggtgacagcccaagggcctccagagaaggtgaagctggcttcagcaagccttgcaaggacaatggtcccttccagtcaccggagtccaatgcagaggcgtttcaacaagactgttgacttcatccatgagaattggaagaggatatgggtgctctccttgtgggcgatcctcaatattgcattattcatgtacaagtttgtgcagtacagtaggcgggatgcatttcaggtgatgggctactgtgtctgcatagcaaagggtgctgccgaaacactcaagctgaacatggccgttatactcctcccggtgtgccgaaacacactaacaaggctccgatcaacagcactcagcaaagtcgtaccatttgatgataacataaacttccacaaggttatcgcactgacgattgcaattggagcggctactcatactcttgctcatgtaacctgcgacttcccaagattggtatcatgtccaagggacaagttcgaggccacactggggccttacttcaactatgttcaaccaacatactcatcgctggttgcaagcactccagggtggactggcatcctcatgatcttgataatgtcattctcgttcacacttgcgacacattcgttcaggaggagcgttgtgaagcttccatcaccactgcaccaccttgctggtttcaatgccttttggtacgcccatcacctactggtgattgcatatatcctcttggtgctgcactcctacttcatatttctcaccaagcagtggtacaatcgaacgacgtggatgttcttggcagttccagtcctcttttactcctgcgagagaactatcagaagagttcgtgagagcagttatggggtgaccgtcatcaaggcagcaatttaccctggaaatgtgctctctattcacatgaataaaccatcaagtttcaagtacaaaagtgggatgtatatgtttgtaaaatgcccagatgtttcgccttttgaatggcatcccttctccataacttctgcacctggagatgactacttgagtgttcatatccgtacattaggtgactggacaacagaacttagaaacctatttgggaaggcttgtgaggcacaagtaagttccaagaaggctacacttgcacgacttgaaaccactatcatagcagatggtctgaaagaggagacttgctttcccaaagtctttatagatggtcctttcggcgcaccagctcaaaattacaagaaatatgacattcttttgcttatcgggcttggaattggagcaacgcctttcatcagcatactgaaggatctcctgaacaacataaaatccaatggagatgtgcaaagcacgcatgatgctgagttaggctgcacctttaagagcaatgggccaggaagagcttatttctactgggtcaccagagagcaaggttcctttgaatggtttaaaggcgtgatgaatgatgttgctgaaagtgatcatgataatgtaatagagatgcacaattacctgacaagcgtgtatgaagaaggagatgcaagatcagctctgattgccatggtccaatcacttcaacatgccaaaaatggtgtggatatcgtctctggcagcaagatccggacacattttgcaaggccgaactggagaaaggtattctcagatctggccaatgcccaccagaactctcgtataggcgttttctactgtgggtctccaacacttacgaaaatgctgagggatctttcactagaattcagccagacgacaacgactcggttccatttccacaaggagaacttctaa</cdnaseq>

Protein Sequence

<aaseq>MAGDYVDVPLGGGGQSTLPPVAPLKKQPSRLASGMKRLASMVPD TMKLKRTHSSAQPALRGLRFLDKTSAGKDGWKNVEKRFDEMSADGRLPQESFAKCIGM ADSKEFASEVFVALARRRSIKPEDGITKEQLKEFWEELTDQNFDSRLRIFFDMCDKNG DGQLTEDEVKEVIVLSAAANKLAKLKSHAATYASLIMEELDPDHRGYIEIWQLETLLR GMVTAQGPPEKVKLASASLARTMVPSSHRSPMQRRFNKTVDFIHENWKRIWVLSLWAI LNIALFMYKFVQYSRRDAFQVMGYCVCIAKGAAETLKLNMAVILLPVCRNTLTRLRST ALSKVVPFDDNINFHKVIALTIAIGAATHTLAHVTCDFPRLVSCPRDKFEATLGPYFN YVQPTYSSLVASTPGWTGILMILIMSFSFTLATHSFRRSVVKLPSPLHHLAGFNAFWY AHHLLVIAYILLVLHSYFIFLTKQWYNRTTWMFLAVPVLFYSCERTIRRVRESSYGVT VIKAAIYPGNVLSIHMNKPSSFKYKSGMYMFVKCPDVSPFEWHPFSITSAPGDDYLSV HIRTLGDWTTELRNLFGKACEAQVSSKKATLARLETTIIADGLKEETCFPKVFIDGPF GAPAQNYKKYDILLLIGLGIGATPFISILKDLLNNIKSNGDVQSTHDAELGCTFKSNG PGRAYFYWVTREQGSFEWFKGVMNDVAESDHDNVIEMHNYLTSVYEEGDARSALIAMV QSLQHAKNGVDIVSGSKIRTHFARPNWRKVFSDLANAHQNSRIGVFYCGSPTLTKMLR DLSLEFSQTTTTRFHFHKENF</aaseq>

Gene Sequence

<dnaseqindica>127..427#1228..1390#1467..1515#1609..1722#1795..2217#2290..2676#2760..2855#2961..3076#3153..3255#3375..3463#3569..3719#3800..3949#4040..4168#4259..4337#4418..4527#tttcttcattggcctggaacgacgacgaccacgtacgccatggcgcccggggccacgctcctcctgcggtgagggcacccaccaccaccaccagcagcagcagcgggctacctagttcggatcaggatggcgggggactacgtggacgtgccgctgggcggcggcgggcagagcacgctgccgccggtggcgccgctgaagaagcagccgtcgcggctggcgtccgggatgaagcggctggcgtccatggtgcccgacacgatgaagctgaagcggacgcactccagcgcgcagccggcgctgcgcggcctgcgcttcctcgacaagacgtcggcggggaaggacgggtggaagaacgtcgagaagcggttcgacgagatgagcgccgacggacgcctgccccaggagagcttcgccaaatgcatcggtgagtgctcctgcacatgcccccatggtgttctccatcctccaaagtgattagtgattcaccacagcatgaaaagagagacggtgaaattgcattgttagcaagaacacatcgaaaattgacaagctttgttttccctgcaaaaaaaaaaggggaaaatgttgtcaaagcttttgtgcatgtgatggaaaaaggggaacagttagtagatgagaaattggtacagatcattcctagctcgtatgtcgatggtgtttgtccaaaatttcagccatttcaactgtttaagcagccagcctcctcctgccatccatgcatacatgtttgcagcacttctttgataaagtatacataatcattcctattcacaattttattttaacaaaaaacggaggaaagaaaattggaaaatttaagaggatataattggtcgaccacgggttgcacaaagttcagactttggcccccccaaatataactcggagacaatacttaccacgtagcaagaataggatatacttcctccgtttcataatgtaagactttcaatcattgcccacattcatatagatgttaatgaatctagacatatatatatgtgtatagattcattaacatctatatgaatatgggcaatgctagaaagtcttacaatatgaaacggagggagtactcgtgcttacgacattttcttttaaaagaagtgtagtcaggtaaataaatgacatcagaatagcaataaatccatcctctgtatataaattgaagctctaagcttagaatgcctctgcaacttaaaggtatggcggattctaaggagtttgcaagcgaggtgtttgtggcattggcgagaaggaggagcatcaaaccagaagatgggataacaaaggaacagctgaaagaattttgggaggagttgactgatcagaactttgattcacgactacgaatattctttgacatgtaaaggtctaccttccttgtcttcaatggaaaaaaccttatgacttgccccttgatgagattgctttgcaatcaggtgtgacaagaatggtgatgggcagcttacagaggacgaggtcaaagaggtcagttcccaatcatctctgaatttaccttttttccacaaagcttgtggaaatgatctcaataagaatttacctttctctttccatatgcaggttattgtgttgagtgccgcagcaaacaaacttgccaagttgaaaagccatgctgcaacctacgcctcactgatcatggaagagctggatcctgatcatcgcggttacattgaggtaccaagacatgaaattatctcccttttttttgacaaacagcagcatacagatatgcttgtctcaatgcagatttggcagctggagacgctactccgtggtatggtgacagcccaagggcctccagagaaggtgaagctggcttcagcaagccttgcaaggacaatggtcccttccagtcaccggagtccaatgcagaggcgtttcaacaagactgttgacttcatccatgagaattggaagaggatatgggtgctctccttgtgggcgatcctcaatattgcattattcatgtacaagtttgtgcagtacagtaggcgggatgcatttcaggtgatgggctactgtgtctgcatagcaaagggtgctgccgaaacactcaagctgaacatggccgttatactcctcccggtgtgccgaaacacactaacaaggctccgatcaacagcactcagcaaagtcgtaccatttgatgataacataaacttccacaaggtacacgtgtggaactctttgccatttccaggattacacagcctgacctctttgttctgatcaccatatcaggttatcgcactgacgattgcaattggagcggctactcatactcttgctcatgtaacctgcgacttcccaagattggtatcatgtccaagggacaagttcgaggccacactggggccttacttcaactatgttcaaccaacatactcatcgctggttgcaagcactccagggtggactggcatcctcatgatcttgataatgtcattctcgttcacacttgcgacacattcgttcaggaggagcgttgtgaagcttccatcaccactgcaccaccttgctggtttcaatgccttttggtacgcccatcacctactggtgattgcatatatcctcttggtgctgcactcctacttcatatttctcaccaagcagtggtacaatcgaacggtatttctctggcatatgtttggcacaactatttcttttgtgaattcagtggttgtgcataatattgacgcttgtgtttacagacgtggatgttcttggcagttccagtcctcttttactcctgcgagagaactatcagaagagttcgtgagagcagttatggggtgaccgtcatcaaggtaagcaacatatttcacatgaattgcacgatgagtattttcaatttattctagcttctaagtgtacaagaataccattaattgactatcaaatgtgccatgcaggcagcaatttaccctggaaatgtgctctctattcacatgaataaaccatcaagtttcaagtacaaaagtgggatgtatatgtttgtaaaatgcccagatgtttcgccttttgaatggtaccatctgatcgtctctgtccaaatgtcagtgtttatccaggctatggattaatagattcttcaatgcttccaggcatcccttctccataacttctgcacctggagatgactacttgagtgttcatatccgtacattaggtgactggacaacagaacttagaaacctatttgggaaggtcagttgagcaaacagaaacaaaaagaaaaggagaatagttcaggcataatgggagcttatgcagtatttatatgctaaattaacaaagttgctaaagggttatgctaattcatgcaggcttgtgaggcacaagtaagttccaagaaggctacacttgcacgacttgaaaccactatcatagcagatggtctgaaagaggagacttggtaattatgccctgtttgtttcatattctacattcatctactttttgaaggaatttctatacaattgtttcactaatcttcctgactttggttctcttcatttagctttcccaaagtctttatagatggtcctttcggcgcaccagctcaaaattacaagaaatatgacattcttttgcttatcgggcttggaattggagcaacgcctttcatcagcatactgaaggatctcctgaacaacataaaatccaatggagtaaactgcttaactatagcaaattctttcttatacagtaaaccaagtgcataatatctaaagtgaattggattcaacaggatgtgcaaagcacgcatgatgctgagttaggctgcacctttaagagcaatgggccaggaagagcttatttctactgggtcaccagagagcaaggttcctttgaatggtttaaaggcgtgatgaatgatgttgctgaaagtgatcatgatgtactactcagtctaactgcttcagtgcaacttccatgttctctccttcagattaataaatagatactaacataatcactcactatacagaatgtaatagagatgcacaattacctgacaagcgtgtatgaagaaggagatgcaagatcagctctgattgccatggtccaatcacttcaacatgccaaaaatggtgtggatatcgtctctggcagcaaggtttttcccacttctatcctcctgcaaaaataaaaataaaaactaaatcacatgtgcaaaatttgattcaatatttctcgctttatgcagatccggacacattttgcaaggccgaactggagaaaggtattctcagatctggccaatgcccaccagaactctcgtataggtcagttctatgtgataaatctcaagtgatggttcctagtttacaggatagcaatgctgagatgtttcataaatctgcaggcgttttctactgtgggtctccaacacttacgaaaatgctgagggatctttcactagaattcagccagacgacaacgactcggttccatttccacaaggagaacttctaagaccagaccaggaaaaaaacaccaaaataatcgcaggcgctcttatatagaacaagaaattttagcatcggttagcaactctttctgtgtaaagttccatcaagaactggaacattggtgtacaaaggtacgtgggcattagttagtgctgctgccgtttatagatggaggaaaaagaaaggcatgtattttctgagcaatttgattgtttcttagaatgtactagaaacaacgtgcggctttgccgcgcccaatttagattaggccaatctattttgtcagtggccttgtttaggatcaatggttttttttcttaacatattgaaccaaaaacctaaagaaataaattaatagacgttgggacttg</dnaseqindica>

External Link(s)

NCBI Gene:Os05g0465800, RefSeq:Os05g0465800

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named ref1
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