AF465255.1

>gi|19422258|gb|AF465255.1| Oryza sativa cultivar Nipponbare gibberellin-20 oxidase (Sd-1) gene, complete cds CTAGATCAGAGCACACAGAGAAAAAAATATAGACACCTTGGAAATTTGTCACAAAGAGACAAGGTGACTC AACAGGCCCTCCAAACTGAAAATTTAATTACTTGCTCAAGATTTAAATATAACTACCCATCCAGTTTTTA ATATATAAAGTTGTTAACTTTTAAACATATATATGTTTCACTGTTCTTATAATGTATTTTATCATTAAAC ATACTTTAAAACATATGGCTTATGTTTTTGAATATTTATATTAAAAATTTTAAATAAGATTAATGATCAA ACGTATATTTACTAGTTAACGACATCATGTATTAAAAATCGGAGGAGGTATAGAAGTATGTTCTCCTTTC TTGTAAACATAGGTTGATCTGTATATTTGTTTTTGTCTTATTTTGTTTTTTCATTGATCTCACCATTAAA CAGGTGGCCTCCAAAAATGCATGCAGCCATGTATCTTCCCAGTCCATGAAATTAATCTTGAATTATTATA AATTAAAAACATATTAGGATTTGATATATGAAAGGTATAATGGTAGCAGATCTATCATAGAAAACCTATA ACACGTAGATGACCGAGTAGAGAAAAAAGATATACCCAACATAATCAAGTACCTTGTTAATTAGTAAGAA GTAAGAAAACCATATAAATACAAGCATTTGGGTGAAGCTAGAATGGGAACTATATTACCATGTATCCCAT ACATATCTATTACGCACTTAATACCTGAATTATTCGTGTAACGAAGAACATGCTTTGGTAAAAAATAAAA TATTTGGACCGTATACCATGCGGTTATCGCAGTTATCACGTGCGGTAATATTCTCAGTTTTTCAAACCGC GGTATAACTTGCAATAACCGCGTGGTTTTCGCGGTAACCACCAAACCGTGGGGCTGTGGTAACCCCACCT AAAACGATTTGGTAAACCCTAGTCAGAGCTAGCTTGATCGTGGCTCCGCCCTCTGCATCTCCTCATGGTC ACAAGATCAATTTAGAACCTCTTATAAGCTGTTGAACCATCAGTACTACAGTCCCAAGATTAACATATTT TTTAAAATATCAAAATTGCTCATGATGAATTGATTACCGTTCATGTGCCTGTATGGTGCATGGGTGGTAT AGTGCACCGTGACCTGTACTGTGCTAGATGTTCCTTCCAACCTTAGTACTTCACGAAAAGGAGAGGAACC ATTTCCCTGTCACCTTCCTGCAACATGGTCAGGCATAAACCAAACACGATCGAAGCGAATCGGCGATACC ACACAATAGCCGCGCGTCGCAAACAACAATTCCGCGGCTAGCTACTTCCGACCTCCGAAACTACTGCGAG CCCAAGTGGGTACGGTTTTAGTGCAAATAGGGTAAGTCTTGTTTACATCATATCGGTTTCATTTTGGTAC ACGAATGGAGAAGAAATGAAAGAGATCGAAAAAAGGAAGAGCTCGCTGTGTATCTGTCTCGTAACAGCCC CGGTGTTACACGTGCTCTAAGAGAGATTAATTAAATCGATAAGCTACCAGAGGTTTAGTTTTCCACGTGT TAATTAGATTGGAAAGCGAGAGAAATTAAAAATAGCGAGTAAAAATAGAGATAACCTTATTGCTATTTTG TTTTTTTTCCAGCAACAAACTTATCTTTCAGGCTAGTTTAGGCGATCGCTTAGATTCCGCATCGTCCTTT TCACTATTTTTTTTCTGTCAGTGACAATGTGAAAATTTATTGGACAGACGACTAGCTTGTGGTACTAGCT AGGAAATTCCCTATCCTCGATATGAACAACTTACTCAACTCAGTAGAGTAGCAAATGCCCAAGAAAGCCC GAGTCAATCTATTTGGAAATCCAATCTATTTTCTCGTATTCGTGTGGGAAATCAAGCTATACTAGTTGAA ATTCACCGGAAGAAATGCACGCACTTCAATATACCAAAATTGCAAAGGAGAATCATTCGATTAACAGTGG AATTCAACCAAGAAATGAAAAGGTATATATAGGAAATGCACTCCAACCACCAACCAATAAGTGATTCCGG GCAATCAATTCTATCCGCGAGTTGTGGGTCTGTTCAGATTCATTATATTAGAACGCGTCACGTAATGGAT GGAGTATTATACAACACCATTGGTTTTGCCACTAGTGTTAACTCTAATACATGGGGGTTAGTTTTACCTT TAAACTTGGTCTAAAAGGATGGACATATGGCAATGCAATTGCATGGGGGTCATTGATTCGACCATCATGT CTGTCCAGTGGCAACCCCCTCCCTCATCCCCTGTGGTGGGCCCCCCACGGCGCTCGTCTTCTCCCCTGTT ACAAATACCCCACCCTCCTGCCCAGACAGCTCGCCCTGCACACACACACACACTCACACTCACACACGCT CTCAACTCACTCCCGCTCAACACAGCGCTCACTTCTCATCTCCAATCTCATGGTGGCCGAGCACCCCACG CCACCACAGCCGCACCAACCACCGCCCATGGACTCCACCGCCGGCTCTGGCATTGCCGCCCCGGCGGCGG CGGCGGTGTGCGACCTGAGGATGGAGCCCAAGATCCCGGAGCCATTCGTGTGGCCGAACGGCGACGCGAG GCCGGCGTCGGCGGCGGAGCTGGACATGCCCGTGGTCGACGTGGGCGTGCTCCGCGACGGCGACGCCGAG GGGCTGCGCCGCGCCGCGGCGCAGGTGGCCGCCGCGTGCGCCACGCACGGGTTCTTCCAGGTGTCCGAGC ACGGCGTCGACGCCGCTCTGGCGCGCGCCGCGCTCGACGGCGCCAGCGACTTCTTCCGCCTCCCGCTCGC CGAGAAGCGCCGCGCGCGCCGCGTCCCGGGCACCGTGTCCGGCTACACCAGCGCCCACGCCGACCGCTTC GCCTCCAAGCTCCCATGGAAGGAGACCCTCTCCTTCGGCTTCCACGACCGCGCCGCCGCCCCCGTCGTCG CCGACTACTTCTCCAGCACCCTCGGCCCCGACTTCGCGCCAATGGGGTAATTAAAACGATGGTGGACGAC ATTGCATTTCAAATTCAAAACAAATTCAAAACACACCGACCGAGATTATGCTGAATTCAAACGCGTTTGT GCGCGCAGGAGGGTGTACCAGAAGTACTGCGAGGAGATGAAGGAGCTGTCGCTGACGATCATGGAACTCC TGGAGCTGAGCCTGGGCGTGGAGCGAGGCTACTACAGGGAGTTCTTCGCGGACAGCAGCTCAATCATGCG GTGCAACTACTACCCGCCATGCCCGGAGCCGGAGCGGACGCTCGGCACGGGCCCGCACTGCGACCCCACC GCCCTCACCATCCTCCTCCAGGACGACGTCGGCGGCCTCGAGGTCCTCGTCGACGGCGAATGGCGCCCCG TCAGCCCCGTCCCCGGCGCCATGGTCATCAACATCGGCGACACCTTCATGGTAAACCATCTCCTATTCTC CTCTCCTCTGTTCTCCTCTGCTTCGAAGCAACAGAACAAGTAATTCAAGCTTTTTTTTCTCTCTCGCGCG AAATTGACGAGAAAAATAAGATCGTGGTAGGGGCGGGGCTTTCAGCTGAAAGCGGGAAGAAACCGACCTG ACGTGATTTCTCTGTTCCAATCACAAACAATGGAATGCCCCACTCCTCCATGTGTTATGATTTATCTCAC ATCTTATAGTTAATAGGAGTAAGTAACAAGCTACTTTTTTCATATTATAGTTCGTTTGATTTTTTTTTTT TAAAGTTTTTTTAGTTTTATCCAAATTTATTGAAAAACTTAGCAACGTTTATAATACCAAATTAGTCTCA TTTAGTTTAATATTGTATATATTTTGATAATATATTTATGTTATATTAAAAATATTACTATATTTTTCTA TAAACATTATTAAAAGCCATTTATAATATAAAATGGAAGGAGTAATTAATATGGATCTCCCCCGACATGA GAATATTTTCCGATGGTGTGACGACGCCATGTAAGCTTCGGTGGGCCTGGACGGCCAGAGGTGCCAACAG CCACGTCCAACAACCCCTGGGTCCCCCCCTAACACTCCAAACAGTAGTGAGTAGTGTCTCGTCGCGTTTT AGTATTTGATGACAAACAAAGTGTGAGTTGAGTTAGCCACCACCAACTTGCACACGAGCACATACATTTG TGTCCATTCTCGCCAGTCACTTCCATCTCTAGTCCTAACTCCTATCTAGCGATGTAAGCGGATAATTTCA TCATCCGTATATAAACCTGTTTGTTATAGTTAATTTCCTATATAATACTATAACAGTATACATTTTAAAA GAAAACAAAATTAGGATAAACAGGCCCTGCTCCTATCCATCCATGGCACTTGGAAGGACCAGACTCGGTC ATGCCATGCCAAGCCAAGATATGGGTTATGGAAGAGTAGAGAAGAGGAGAGATGAGAGATAAGCATGCGT TCTCCTCCTCGTTGGATGTGTATTTTGGAGGGATTTGTGTAGTAGTAGCAGCGGCGCCGCGGGGACGGAT GCGGATGGTGGCGCTTTCGGTGGCGTTTTCCCGGGGGGGTTTTGGTTTGGCGCTTGGGGGGGATGGCATG GCGCGGCGTGCGGCTGCACGCCACACACACGCGCGCGCACGCACGTACGTCGTCGTCGCCGCGGGCGGAC GGTAGCTTAGGGTGGTGTGTTCCGCGCGCGGGCGCGGATTGTTCCATGCCGATCGATTTGGCGCCACCCT CGCCGCGGCTCTTGTCGCGTCGTGCGCCTCTCTCGCGCGGTTTGTCCTTGTCGCGTTGCTCAGCCGGCGA CGGGGGCACGGACATTGGCGATGTAGCCCTGCACGTGTCGGCCTCTCCGTTGATGAATGATGATGTATGT ATGTATTTTTTTTTGTCTGAAGGAATTTGTGGGGAATTGTTGTGTGTGCAGGCGCTGTCGAACGGGAGGT ATAAGAGCTGCCTGCACAGGGCGGTGGTGAACCAGCGGCGGGAGCGGCGGTCGCTGGCGTTCTTCCTGTG CCCGCGGGAGGACAGGGTGGTGCGGCCGCCGCCGAGCGCCGCCACGCCGCAGCACTACCCGGACTTCACC TGGGCCGACCTCATGCGCTTCACGCAGCGCCACTACCGCGCCGACACCCGCACGCTCGACGCCTTCACGC GCTGGCTCGCGCCGCCGGCCGCCGACGCCGCCGCGACGGCGCAGGTCGAGGCGGCCAGCTGATCGCCGAA CGGAACGAAACGGAACGAACAGAAGCCGATTTTTGGCGGGGCCCACGCCCACGTGAGGCCCCACGTGGAC AGTGGGCCCGGGCGGAGGTGGCACCCACGTGGACCGCGGGCCCCGCGCCGCCTTCCAATTTTGGACCCTA CCGCTGTACATATTCATATATTGCAAGAAGAAGCAAAACGTACGTGTGGGTTGGGTTGGGCTTCTCTCTA TTACTAAAAAAAATATAATGGAACGACGGATGAATGGATGCTTATTTATTTATCTAAATTGAATTCGAAT TCGGCTCATGGATTTCGCGAATGTGGATGGTGGATGCCCGCCTCGATGAATCCGCTTTGTCCGATAGAGA AATTTGAATTTAAATCCGGGACCTGGATTTTGCAATGTGGACGGGTGTGCTTTGCGAAATCTGCTTTGTT CGATAGCGCTGCACAAAACATGCGGTGGGCCCTGCATGAGAATCCGCTTCTTCTTTGTTGCCTTGGTAGG CGAAATCGTATATGGTCCCAACGATTTTCTTTGTTTGGTTTCAACATAAATGGGAGTTTTTATGAATTTA GGCTTATCTACATCAGAGCTACTCCTAACTTGTGATATGATGAACCAATCGTGTTCTTCTCATACTTGTT TAAGTTGGCCAATATAGGATTAATGCAGAGTATCCAAGGGTTTTAAGATGGATCTAGTTAAGATTTGGAG AACATAATCTACAATCATCAGCAACACTAATTATAACTAAATCAACTTGCCTTTTGAGTTCTCCGCAAAT ATCAGAACGCTTTTTTCTTTTTTTTTCTTTTTTTTTTTTGAGGAGGTGGGGAGCACAAAATCGGAGTGAA ATTCGGGATTCCCATTCAACCACTTCCAACCATGCCAAATCCCGGATGGTTTTTGTTTCTTGGCACTAAG TGATGGGTCACGTTTTCACAGTAGTTGATAACTTGCAACTTGCAATCACTCTATCTTCAGCTGCTCCACT GGATTCAACGTCCGTAGGAGCAGTAACTTGTCACAATGCTGAGCAGAAAATAACCGCTAGGAATATCAAA TTGCACAAAATTATAATGTCACTGTTGAGTGATGAGCAGTAACTCATGAAAGAATCCAAAGTTCCCATGA GTTCCAGAATGTTTGACTGATATGACAGACAAACTTTTGTAAGGTTCTCCTAAATAACACAAAGAAATTT CTCGTACACTACATGGCTGTATGGATTGAACATAATTTGCCTGTGACACTTGTCACACTTGTGACACTTC CAGGTTCCAATACAACCTTACAGCAATGGAGCAAGAGCACAGCAAGAAGAGAATATAGAGTGCATTTGTT TGGCAAGAAAGAAAAAAAATGATTCTACAATTACATCAAGGCTTATGCCTTTTCAGAATCAACAAGAATA GTATGCATAT 基因(座)名称 半矮秆基因 dee-geo-woo-gen dwarf 基因符号 sd1; GA20ox-2 所在染色体 1 （已克隆） 供体材料 Calrose;Deo-geo-woo-gen;Reimei;Calrose76;Jikkoku sd1 控制水稻的株高，该位点的突变导致水稻不同程度的矮化。截至目前至少已经发现sd-1 位点上5个不同等位基因，分别是来自野生型的等位基因、来自Deo-geo-woo-gen及其衍生种的sd1-d、来自Reimei的sd1-r、来自Calrose76的sd1-c、来自Jikkoku的sd1-j。 sd-1 定位在水稻第1 染色体上，对应于日本晴测序图谱的位置(5'-3')在38381423 - 38384165 区间(Rice Genome Annotation Project)。 sd1参与赤霉素的生物合成，编码由389个氨基酸组成的GA20氧化酶(GA20ox)。GA20ox是赤霉素合成途径中的关键酶，催化GA53转换为GA20。 2002年，3个研究小组先后发表了图位克隆水稻“绿色革命”基因sd-1的论文。sd-1是由3个外显子和2个内含子组成的开放阅读框（open reading frame, ORF），编码由389个氨基酸组成的GA20氧化酶。尽管克隆的是同一基因，但可能由于方法与材料的差别，各外显子和内含子包含的碱基对数目略有不同。 Monna等的研究报道表明：日本晴、Sasanishiki和Calrose等正常野生型水稻的3个外显子大小分别是558、318和291bp，2个内含子分别为105和1471bp；DGWG型半矮秆种IR24、Habataki和Milyang 23从外显子1中部起有383bp的缺失，包括外显子1和2的278bp序列及105bp的内含子；Calrose76为外显子2中编码第265位氨基酸的CTC突变为TTC，导致Leu（亮氨酸）突变为Phe（苯丙氨酸）。 Sasaki等报道认为先前发现的编码GA20氧化酶基因(GA20ox-1)与sd-1无关，而他们新发现的GA20ox-2与sd-1紧密连锁。比较了四个矮秆品种与野生型在sd-1位点上的序列差异，发现野生型水稻sd1等位基因的3个外显子大小分别为557、321和291bp，2个内含子分别为103和1472bp(右图)；矮秆品种Deo-geo-woo-gen及其衍生种在该位点缺失383bp，包含103bp的内含子1；矮秆品种Jikkoku中编码第94氨基酸的GGG变为GTG，导致甘氨酸变为缬氨酸；矮秆品种"Calrose 76"中编码第266氨基酸的CTC突变为TTC，导致Leu（亮氨酸）突变为Phe（苯丙氨酸）；矮秆品种Remei中编码第349氨基酸的GAC变为CAC，导致天冬氨酸变为组氨酸。GA20ox-2在叶片、茎秆、未开放的花中表达强烈，而GA20ox-1基因则是在未开放的花中表达，揭示了sd-1水稻株高降低，而产量不受影响的原因。 Spielmeyer等的报道认为野生型水稻sd1等位基因的3个外显子大小分别为557、322和291bp；DGWG型籼稻半矮秆品种Doongar在GA20ox2编码区（外显子1和2）缺失了280bp；矮秆品种"Calrose 76"中亦是编码第266氨基酸的CTC突变为TTC，导致Leu（亮氨酸）突变为Phe（苯丙氨酸）。·参考文献 1. Wolfgang Spielmeyer;Marc H. Ellis;and Peter M. Chandler

 Semidwarf (sd-1), "green revolution" rice, contains a defective gibberellin 20-oxidase gene
 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2002, 99(13): 9043-9048

2. Lisa Monna; Noriyuki Kitazawa; Rika Yoshino; Junko Suzuki; Haruka Masuda; Yumiko Maehara; Masao Tanji; Mizuho Sato; Shinobu Nasu and Yuzo Minobe

 Positional Cloning of Rice Semidwarfing Gene, sd-1: Rice "Green Revolution Gene" Encodes a Mutant Enzyme Involved in Gibberellin Synthesis
 DNA Research, 2002, 9(1): 11-17

3. A. Sasaki; M. Ashikari;M. Ueguchi-Tanaka; H. Itoh;A. Nishimura; D. Swapan; K. Ishiyama;T. Saito; M. Kobayashi; G. S. KhushH. Kitano||; M. Matsuoka*

 A mutant gibberellin-synthesis gene in rice
 Nature, 2002, 416(): 701-702