Difference between revisions of "Os05g0482400"

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Transgenic RNA interference of the Eui gene effectively increased plant height and improved heading performance. Furthermore, the eui mutant was defective in starch granule development in root caps and Eui overexpression enhanced starch granule generation and gravity responses, revealing a role for Eui in root starch granule development and gravity responses<ref name="ref15" />.
 
Transgenic RNA interference of the Eui gene effectively increased plant height and improved heading performance. Furthermore, the eui mutant was defective in starch granule development in root caps and Eui overexpression enhanced starch granule generation and gravity responses, revealing a role for Eui in root starch granule development and gravity responses<ref name="ref15" />.
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−
 
  
 
The mutants displayed significantly longer lesion to PXO99A than their controls. Similar results were obtained with infection by DY89031. Similarly, the representative transgenic lines S73 and S74,in which Eui expression was knocked down with RNAi<ref name="ref15" />, phenocopied the susceptibility of the eui mutants to both the strains. Slightly enhanced resistance to Xoo in semi-dwarf rice containing the mutant "Green Revolution" gene sd1, in comparison with the near-isogenic tall rice carrying the wild-type Sd1 gene that encodes a GA20 oxidase<ref name="ref17" />. Therefore, the loss of function of Eui decreased disease resistance, suggesting that EUI might be a positive modulator of basal disease resistance in rice<ref name="ref18" />.
 
The mutants displayed significantly longer lesion to PXO99A than their controls. Similar results were obtained with infection by DY89031. Similarly, the representative transgenic lines S73 and S74,in which Eui expression was knocked down with RNAi<ref name="ref15" />, phenocopied the susceptibility of the eui mutants to both the strains. Slightly enhanced resistance to Xoo in semi-dwarf rice containing the mutant "Green Revolution" gene sd1, in comparison with the near-isogenic tall rice carrying the wild-type Sd1 gene that encodes a GA20 oxidase<ref name="ref17" />. Therefore, the loss of function of Eui decreased disease resistance, suggesting that EUI might be a positive modulator of basal disease resistance in rice<ref name="ref18" />.
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These dwarf Eui–OX lines exhibited significantly increased disease resistance as compared with the wild-type and the separated negative transgenic plants .Dwarf severity was somehow correlated with resistance degree, since lines OX-21, OX-22, OX-39, and OX-47 were more dwarf and appeared more resistant than OX-7, OX-11, and OX-15. In consistency with disease symptom, a three- to five-fold reduction in bacterial growth was measured in OX-39 compared with the wild-type at 8–14 dpi. These results further support the notion that EUI positively regulates disease resistance against bacterial blight<ref name="ref18" />.
 
These dwarf Eui–OX lines exhibited significantly increased disease resistance as compared with the wild-type and the separated negative transgenic plants .Dwarf severity was somehow correlated with resistance degree, since lines OX-21, OX-22, OX-39, and OX-47 were more dwarf and appeared more resistant than OX-7, OX-11, and OX-15. In consistency with disease symptom, a three- to five-fold reduction in bacterial growth was measured in OX-39 compared with the wild-type at 8–14 dpi. These results further support the notion that EUI positively regulates disease resistance against bacterial blight<ref name="ref18" />.
  
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Silence of Eui Leads to Reduction of Resistance and Overexpression of Eui Enhances Resistance to Rice Blast Fungus
+
[[File:6-3.jpg|right|thumb|150px|''Silence of Eui leads to reduction of resistance and overexpression of Eui enhances resistance to rice blast Fungus(from reference <ref name="ref18" />).'']]
−
The RNAi lines S73 and S74 exhibited slightly severer symptoms than the wild-type (Figure 3A and 3B). For grade 5 disease index(the most susceptible symptom), S73 and S74 displayed 20 and 19%, respectively, in comparison with 9% in the wild-type (Figure 3B). Similar reduction of blast resistance was also observed in the eui-1 mutant . In contrast, the overexpression lines OX-7, OX-11, OX-21, and OX-39 exhibited significantly enhanced resistance to the fungus, with 70–83% of grade 0 and 1, in comparison with 18% in the wild-type, while the percentages for grades 4 and 5 were greatly decreased in these lines (Figure 3B). The further determination of fungal growth in the host using Southern hybridization with the fungal 28S rDNA probe (Qi and Yang, 2002) confirmed that fungal growth was greatly limited in the Eui overexpressors, and slightly increased in the RNAi lines compared with the wild-type (Figure 3C). These data demonstrated that Eui also positively regulates resistance to rice blast.
 
−
 
 
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 +
The RNAi lines S73 and S74 exhibited slightly severer symptoms than the wild-type. For grade 5 disease index(the most susceptible symptom), S73 and S74 displayed 20 and 19%, respectively, in comparison with 9% in the wild-type. Similar reduction of blast resistance was also observed in the eui-1 mutant. In contrast, the overexpression lines OX-7, OX-11, OX-21, and OX-39 exhibited significantly enhanced resistance to the fungus, with 70–83% of grade 0 and 1,in comparison with 18% in the wild-type, while the percentages for grades 4 and 5 were greatly decreased in these lines. The further determination of fungal growth in the host using Southern hybridization with the fungal 28S rDNA probe<ref name="ref19" /> confirmed that fungal growth was greatly limited in the Eui overexpressors, and slightly increased in the RNAi lines compared with the wild-type. These data demonstrated that Eui also positively regulates resistance to rice blast<ref name="ref18" />.
  
 
Knockout or overexpression of the Elongated uppermost internode (Eui) gene encoding a GA deactivating enzyme compromises or increases, respectively, disease resistance to bacterial blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oyrzae) and rice blast (Magnaporthe oryzae)<ref name="ref15" />.
 
Knockout or overexpression of the Elongated uppermost internode (Eui) gene encoding a GA deactivating enzyme compromises or increases, respectively, disease resistance to bacterial blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oyrzae) and rice blast (Magnaporthe oryzae)<ref name="ref15" />.
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<ref name="ref17">Sasaki,A.,et al.(2002). Green revolution: a mutant gibberellinsynthesis gene in rice. Nature 416, 701–702.</ref>
 
<ref name="ref17">Sasaki,A.,et al.(2002). Green revolution: a mutant gibberellinsynthesis gene in rice. Nature 416, 701–702.</ref>
 
<ref name="ref18">Dong-Lei Yang;Qun Li;Yi-Wen Deng;Yong-Gen Lou;Mu-Yang Wang;Guo-Xing Zhou;Ying-Ying Zhang;Zu-Hua He.(2008) Altered Disease Development in the eui Mutants and Eui Overexpressors Indicates that Gibberellins Negatively Regulate Rice Basal Disease Resistance.Molecular Plant 1(3):528-537.</ref>
 
<ref name="ref18">Dong-Lei Yang;Qun Li;Yi-Wen Deng;Yong-Gen Lou;Mu-Yang Wang;Guo-Xing Zhou;Ying-Ying Zhang;Zu-Hua He.(2008) Altered Disease Development in the eui Mutants and Eui Overexpressors Indicates that Gibberellins Negatively Regulate Rice Basal Disease Resistance.Molecular Plant 1(3):528-537.</ref>
 +
<ref name="ref19">Qi, M., and Yang, Y. (2002). Quantification of Magnaporthe grisea during infection of rice plants using real-time polymerase chain reaction and northern blot/phosphoimaging analyses. Phytopathology 92, 870–876.</ref>
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Revision as of 15:57, 11 June 2014

The rice EUI1 (ELONGATED UPPERMOST INTERNODE) gene controls the growth of the first internode at the top of rice, and the recessive mutations of this site cause the abnormal elongation of internodes at the top of rice.

Annotated Information

Function

EUI gene is a recessive gene which was first reported by Rutger and Carnahan [1], which is characterized by the near doubling length of the uppermost internode, excess panicle exsertion and an increased panicle length in comparison with the wild type.The EUI mutant shows notably rapid elongation of the uppermost internode at the heading stage. Because of its prospective application to amend panicle enclosure in the male-sterile lines, this recessive trait, along with male sterility,maintainer and restorer, was referred to as the fourth genetic element of hybrid rice production [1].

The EUI1 gene was mapped on the central part of the long arm of chromosome 5, and located within two overlapping bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones, OSJNBa0018K15 and OSJNBa0095J22, in an interval of 98 kb between markers M0387 and M01 [2].The EUI1 gene encodes a putative cytochrome P450 protein, CYP714D1. It can control the elongation of internodes and determines the plant height and underlies the grain yield .EUI1 plays a negative role in gibberellinmediated regulation of cell elongation in the uppermost internode of rice [3][4].

Rice internodes are important organs that affect plant height, yield, lodging resistance, and panicle exsertion, and also constitute a unique system for the study of gibberellic acid (GA) signaling. A spontaneous recessive tall mutant in rice called eui, which shows notably rapid elongation of the uppermost internode at the heading stage, was picked up in a japonica variety of rice some years ago [1]. The mutant (zeui stock) is characterized by a near-doubling in the length of the uppermost internode, extreme panicle exsertion, and an increase in panicle length, with little or no effect on other internodes or plant characters. This recessive genotype with the elongated uppermost internode is a very useful trait in hybrid rice seed production, and was referred to as the fourth genetic element of hybrid rice, in addition to the traits male sterility, maintainer and restorer [1]. Panicle enclosure, a phenotype which is typical of almost all male-sterile (MS) lines [5] [6] [7], greatly reduces seed production by hybrid rice, necessitating the use of large amounts of exogenous GA to cause panicle exsertion. However, GA application not only increases the cost of seed production, but also greatly increases the rate of seed germination on the panicle, resulting in decreased quality and shortened storage life of hybrid seeds. In contrast, eui MS plants need little or no exogenous GA application for hybrid seed production[6] [8]. Therefore, the eui mutant represents a breakthrough in hybrid rice production[9].Previous genetic and physiological studies have shown that the eui phenotype is due to a recessive mutation in a single gene, which functions similarly in both japonica and indica subspecies and confers highest sensitivity to exogenously applied GA3 at the seedling and heading stages among the genotypes studied, although the level of GAs in eui plants is already higher than that in wild-type plants [9][10][11]. These results strongly suggested that the Eui gene is likely to be involved in GA metabolism or signaling.

The eui1 mutants have increased cell elongation, higher levels of endogenous active gibberellin, and also a higher sensitivity to exogenously applied GA3
(from reference [3]).
.Expression of genes involved in gibberellin biosynthesis, such as gibberellin-20-oxidase and gibberellin-3-oxidase, was elevated in the uppermost internodes of eui1 mutants in comparison with that of the wild type . In contrast, transgenic rice plants overexpressing EUI1 exhibit typical gibberellin-deficient-like phenotypes, such as dark green leaves and dwarf architecture, which can be partially rescued by exogenous gibberellins applications. Consistent with these observations, overexpression of EUI1 causes increased expression of several gibberellin biosynthesis genes encoding gibberellin-20-oxidase2, gibberellin-20-oxidase3 and gibberellin-3-oxidase2 (D18 gene), that are responsible for the conversion of active gibberellin, but decreased expression of the genes encoding gibberellin-2-oxidase1 and gibberellin-2-oxidase3, that are involved in gibberellin deactivation[3]. In the EUI1-RNAi transgenic plants, the reduction of EUI1 expression led to increased lengths of panicle exsertion and uppermost internode elongation, but not comparable with that in EUI1-null mutants
(from reference [3]).
. The increased lengths of panicle exsertion and uppermost internode elongation in five allelic eui1 mutants varied significantly
(from reference [3]).
. Taking these data together, EUI1 plays a negative role in controlling the elongation of rice internodes during heading, and this negative regulation should be correlated with the EUI1 level or activity[3]. The gibberellin-deficient-like phenotypes in the EUI1 overexpressors can be restored more or less by exogenous gibberellin application, and that the SLR1 protein in the EUI1 overexpressors is accumulated to a high level in comparison with the wild type. It has been shown that the SLR1 protein is triggered to undergo rapid degradation by GA3 treatment[12]. After application of exogenous gibberellin, the SLR1 protein can still be detected at a high level, even after 48 h or 2 weeks treatment, which strongly suggested that EUI1 is a fine tuner for modulating gibberellin biosynthesis and/or modifying the stability of SLR1
(from reference [3]).
. Taking all the data together, it is reasonable to postulate that EUI1, the putative P450 monooxygenase, may work as an enzyme for gibberellins inactivation in gibberellin metabolism[3].
(from reference [13]).

During the seedling and tillering stages, eui plants were morphologically similar to wild-type plants[8].However, at the heading stage, the eui mutant exhibited an extremely elongated uppermost internode, with slightly elongated second and third internodes and panicle. Because of the enhanced internode elongation, the stem exposed between the ear and the flag leaf sheath (panicle exsertion) is much longer in the eui mutant than in wild-type plants . The enhanced internode elongation of the eui mutant was due to longitudinally increased cell lengths but not to an increase in the number of cells (Figure . These observations suggested that the uppermost internode of the eui mutant might accumulate an excessive amount of biologically active GAs or exhibit an enhanced GA sensitivity[13].

(from reference [13]).

EUI catalyzed 16a,17-epoxidation of non-13-hydroxylated GAs. Consistent with the tall and dwarfed phenotypes of the eui mutant and Eui-overexpressing transgenic plants, respectively, 16a,17-epoxidation reduced the biological activity of GA4 in rice, demonstrating that EUI functions as a GA deactivating enzyme[13].

Overexpression of EUI1 gave rise to the gibberellin-deficient-like phenotypes, which could be partially reversed by supplementation with gibberellin .Furthermore, apart from the alteration of expression levels of the gibberellin biosynthesis genes, accumulation of SLR1 protein was found in the overexpressing transgenic plants,indicating that the expression level of EUI1 is implicated in both gibberellin-mediated SLR1 destruction and a feedback regulation in gibberellin biosynthesis.The rice EUI gene encodes a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase that deactivates bioactive gibberellins (GAs)[3].

Eui regulates root starch granule development and gravity responses (from reference [14]).

An early study showed that GA plus kinetin treatment could remove starch granules in amyloplasts and therefore change gravisensitivity of cress roots[15]. Starch granules were almost completely absent in eui root-tip cells, while their generation was enhanced in the roots of Eui-OX plants compared with WT plants. As a consequence of the altered starch granule development, Eui-OX roots were more hypersensitive than the WT to gravity. After 2h of rotation away from vertical, most Eui-OX root tips bended near vertical. All WT and Eui-OX root tips bended vertically when roots were rotated over 12h. These results indicate that Eui is also involved in GA homeostasis in rice roots and reveal a novel role for GA in gravity responses[14].

RNAi of Eui effectively increases internode elongation (from reference [14]).

The eui phenotype that has increased panicle exertion (heading performance) has been used in breeding for male sterile varieties of hybrid rice[6][7][8].Using a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) transgenic approach[16], more than 80% of independent Eui knockout/knockdown transgenic plants showed an elongated internode phenotype with decreased or undetectable expression of Eui that is similar to the eui mutant. These RNAi lines were stably inherited within generations .Consequently, this study provides a feasible approach to rapidly develop elite eui rice lines, which requires a long breeding term when using conventional breeding practices[14].

A slight increase in EUI expression could dramatically change rice morphology,indicating the practical application of the EUI gene in rice molecular breeding for a high yield potential [14].

Transgenic RNA interference of the Eui gene effectively increased plant height and improved heading performance. Furthermore, the eui mutant was defective in starch granule development in root caps and Eui overexpression enhanced starch granule generation and gravity responses, revealing a role for Eui in root starch granule development and gravity responses[14].

The mutants displayed significantly longer lesion to PXO99A than their controls. Similar results were obtained with infection by DY89031. Similarly, the representative transgenic lines S73 and S74,in which Eui expression was knocked down with RNAi[14], phenocopied the susceptibility of the eui mutants to both the strains. Slightly enhanced resistance to Xoo in semi-dwarf rice containing the mutant "Green Revolution" gene sd1, in comparison with the near-isogenic tall rice carrying the wild-type Sd1 gene that encodes a GA20 oxidase[17]. Therefore, the loss of function of Eui decreased disease resistance, suggesting that EUI might be a positive modulator of basal disease resistance in rice[18].

Overexpression of Eui increases disease resistance to bacterial blight(from reference [18]).

These dwarf Eui–OX lines exhibited significantly increased disease resistance as compared with the wild-type and the separated negative transgenic plants .Dwarf severity was somehow correlated with resistance degree, since lines OX-21, OX-22, OX-39, and OX-47 were more dwarf and appeared more resistant than OX-7, OX-11, and OX-15. In consistency with disease symptom, a three- to five-fold reduction in bacterial growth was measured in OX-39 compared with the wild-type at 8–14 dpi. These results further support the notion that EUI positively regulates disease resistance against bacterial blight[18].

Silence of Eui leads to reduction of resistance and overexpression of Eui enhances resistance to rice blast Fungus(from reference [18]).

The RNAi lines S73 and S74 exhibited slightly severer symptoms than the wild-type. For grade 5 disease index(the most susceptible symptom), S73 and S74 displayed 20 and 19%, respectively, in comparison with 9% in the wild-type. Similar reduction of blast resistance was also observed in the eui-1 mutant. In contrast, the overexpression lines OX-7, OX-11, OX-21, and OX-39 exhibited significantly enhanced resistance to the fungus, with 70–83% of grade 0 and 1,in comparison with 18% in the wild-type, while the percentages for grades 4 and 5 were greatly decreased in these lines. The further determination of fungal growth in the host using Southern hybridization with the fungal 28S rDNA probe[19] confirmed that fungal growth was greatly limited in the Eui overexpressors, and slightly increased in the RNAi lines compared with the wild-type. These data demonstrated that Eui also positively regulates resistance to rice blast[18].

Knockout or overexpression of the Elongated uppermost internode (Eui) gene encoding a GA deactivating enzyme compromises or increases, respectively, disease resistance to bacterial blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oyrzae) and rice blast (Magnaporthe oryzae)[14].

Expression

Luo et al.[3] found that EUI1 is expressed in most tested tissues and organs, including the young leaves, young roots, shoot apical meristem, the first and the second elongating internodes, flag leaf and young panicles. EUI1 is expressed at a relatively low level in the first elongating internodes, and the highest expression level was found in the young panicles during heading.

(from reference [3]).

The EUI1 gene is constitutively expressed at a low level in all tested organs, except that it is preferentially expressed in the young panicles during heading. In eui1 mutant plants, the most excessive elongation occurred in the first (uppermost) and second internodes, and therefore it was unexpected that the expression of the EUI1 gene in the first and second elongating internodes was relatively low. It is possible that the substrate of EUI1, which controls internode elongation, could exist mainly in the young panicles and might be transported to the action site, the first and the second internodes[3].

(from reference [13]).

Eui express mainly in elongating or dividing tissues, including the shoot apical meristem, the divisional (intercalary meristem) and elongating zones of internodes, nodes of an elongating stem, and panicle (Figures 9B to 9I and 9L) but not in young seedlings roots, and the flag leaf. Before heading,the Eui express mainly in the divisional and node areas of internodes and young panicles. During the heading stage, the Eui mainly express in the flowering spikelets, the divisional zone,and the node of the uppermost internode[13]).

Evolution

The EUI1 gene encodes a putative cytochrome P450 protein. Cytochrome P450 proteins have been known as hemebinding enzymes with mono-oxygenase activities. Some members of the plant P450 family are known to be involved in biosynthesis of plant growth regulators such as gibberellins,jasmonic acid, auxin and brassinosteroids.The phylogenetic analysis of rice and Arabidopsis cytochrome P450 proteins shows that the EUI1/CYP714D1 protein belongs to the CYP714 subfamily of the CYP72 group. The CYP72 clan seems primarily to have conserved functions involved in plant hormone homeostasis. Three known proteins, CYP735A1, CYP735A2 and CYP72A1, belonging to the CYP72 group exhibit the greatest similarity to the EUI1 protein. CYP735A1 and CYP735A2 have been identified as cytokinin biosynthetic enzymes, and CYP72A1 is a secologanin synthase. According to the sequence similarity and the phylogenetic relationship between EUI1 and the three proteins, the EUI1 gene possibly encodes a putative cytochrome P450 involved in gibberellin homeostasis [3].

Fine mapping

(from reference [4]).

The rice eui1 gene was mapped to two overlapping BAC clones, OSJNBa0095J22 and OSJNBb0099O15, between the markers AC40 and AC46, that were 0.64 cM apart and spanned approximately 152 kb[4].

Clone

(from reference [4]).

The EUI1 gene controlling the upper internode elongation in rice is 9804 bp long, and comprises two exons and one intron. The length of the cDNA is 1931 bp containing a 1734 bp ORF, a 110 bp 5¢-UTR and a 87 bp 3¢-UTR. The ORF encodes an unknown 577 amino acid functional protein,that appears to be a member of the cytochrome P450 family[4].

Labs working on this gene

  • College of Life Sciences,Zhejiang University, 310029 Hangzhou, China
  • SHARF and National Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, China
  • College of Life Science, Chinese Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, China
  • Chinese National Rice Research Institute,310006 Hangzhou, China
  • College of Life Science,South China Agricultural University,510642 Guangzhou, China
  • National Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
  • China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
  • National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences,Shanghai 200032, PR China
  • College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
  • The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
  • Institute of Genetics and Crop Breeding,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
  • Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, 572025, Sanya, China
  • RIKEN Plant Science Center, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
  • Biotechnology Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
  • Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
  • Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021, China
  • Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Rutger, J.N. and Carnahan, H.L. (1981) A fourth genetic element to facilitate hybrid cereal production. A recessive tall in rice. Crop Sci. 21: 373–376.
  2. ↑ Xu, Y.H., Zhu, Y.Y., Zhou, H.C., Li, Q., Sun, Z.X., Liu, Y.G., Lin, H.X. and He,Z.H. (2004) Identification of a 98-kb DNA segment containing the rice EUI gene controlling uppermost internode elongation, and construction of a TAC transgene sublibrary. Mol. Gen. Genet. 272: 149–155.
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 Anding Luo;Qian Qian;Hengfu Yin;Xiaoqiang Liu;Changxi Yin;Ying Lan;Jiuyou Tang;Zuoshun Tang;Shouyun Cao;Xiujie Wang;Kai Xia;Xiangdong Fu;Da Luo;and Chengcai Chu.(2006) EUI1, Encoding a Putative Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase, Regulates the Internodes Elongation by Modulating GA Responses in Rice.Plant and Cell Physiology 47(2): 181-191.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Ma Hongli;Zhang Shubiao;Ji Lan;Zhu Hongbo;Yang Shulan;Fang Xuanjun;Yang Rencui.(2006) Fine Mapping and in silico Isolation of the EUI1 Gene Controlling Upper Internode Elongation in Rice.Plant Molecular Biology 60(1): 87-94.
  5. ↑ Shen ZT, Yang CD, He ZH (1987) Studies on eliminating panicle enclosure in WA type MS line of rice Oryza sativa subsp. indica).Chin J Rice Sci 1:95–99.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Shen ZT, He ZH (1989) Interaction between eui gene and WAMS cytoplasm of rice and improvement of panicle exsertion of MS line. SABRAO J 6:753–756. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "ref6" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "ref6" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "ref6" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "ref6" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "ref6" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "ref6" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "ref6" defined multiple times with different content
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Yang RC, Zhang SB, Huang RH, Yang SL, Zhang QQ (2002) Breeding technology of eui hybrids of rice. Scientia Agricultura Sinica 35:233–237.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 He ZH, Shen ZT (1994) Sensitivity of elongated internode gene to GA3 and improvement of MS line in rice. Acta Agronomica Sinica 20:161–167.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Zhang QQ, Yang RC (2003) The effect of different eui genes on biological characters of e-hybrid rice. Scientia Agricultura Sinica 36:735–739.
  10. ↑ He ZH, ETOH K, Shi CH, Shen ZT (1993) Sensitivity of plant height genes to GA3 and their relationship with enzymes in rice. Chin J Rice Sci 7:143–147.
  11. ↑ He ZH, Shen ZT, Li DB (1994) Relations of plant height genes to the sensitivity of GA3 and to the regulation of endogenous hormones in different rice growth stages. Plant Physiol Commun 30:170–174.
  12. ↑ Itoh, H., Ueguchi-Tanaka, M., Sato, Y., Ashikari, M. and Matsuoka, M. (2002)The gibberellin signaling pathway is regulated by the appearance and disappearance of SLENDER RICE1 in nuclei. Plant Cell 14: 57–70.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 Yongyou Zhu;Takahito Nomura;Yonghan Xu;Yingying Zhang;Yu Peng;Bizeng Mao;Atsushi Hanada;Haicheng Zhou;Renxiao Wang;Peijin Li;Xudong Zhu;Lewis N. Mander;Yuji Kamiya;Shinjiro Yamaguchi;Zuhua He.(2006)ELONGATED UPPERMOST INTERNODEEncodes a Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase That Epoxidizes Gibberellins in a Novel Deactivation Reaction in Rice.The Plant Cell 18(2): 442-456.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 Yingying Zhang;Yongyou Zhu;Yu Peng;Dawei Yan;Qun Li;Jianjun Wang;Linyou Wang;Zuhua He.(2008)Gibberellin homeostasis and plant height control by EUI and a role for gibberellin in root gravity responses in rice.Cell Research 18(3): 412-421.
  15. ↑ Busch MB, Sievers A.(1990).Hormone treatment of roots causes not only a reversible loss of starch but also of structural polarity in statocytes. Planta 181:358-364.
  16. ↑ Mei C, Zhou X, Yang Y.（2006）Use of RNA interference to dissect defense-signaling pathways in rice. Methods Mol Biol.354:161-172.
  17. ↑ Sasaki,A.,et al.(2002). Green revolution: a mutant gibberellinsynthesis gene in rice. Nature 416, 701–702.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 Dong-Lei Yang;Qun Li;Yi-Wen Deng;Yong-Gen Lou;Mu-Yang Wang;Guo-Xing Zhou;Ying-Ying Zhang;Zu-Hua He.(2008) Altered Disease Development in the eui Mutants and Eui Overexpressors Indicates that Gibberellins Negatively Regulate Rice Basal Disease Resistance.Molecular Plant 1(3):528-537.
  19. ↑ Qi, M., and Yang, Y. (2002). Quantification of Magnaporthe grisea during infection of rice plants using real-time polymerase chain reaction and northern blot/phosphoimaging analyses. Phytopathology 92, 870–876.

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Structured Information

Gene Name

Os05g0482400

Description

Cytochrome P450 family protein

Version

NM_001062401.1 GI:115464532 GeneID:4339131

Length

9805 bp

Definition

Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os05g0482400, complete gene.

Source

Oryza sativa Japonica Group 

 ORGANISM  Oryza sativa Japonica Group
           Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
           Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
           clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
Chromosome

Chromosome 5

Location

Chromosome 5:23775727..23785531

Sequence Coding Region

23775837..23776191,23784066..23785444

Expression

GEO Profiles:Os05g0482400

Genome Context

<gbrowseImage1> name=NC_008398:23775727..23785531 source=RiceChromosome05 preset=GeneLocation </gbrowseImage1>

Gene Structure

<gbrowseImage2> name=NC_008398:23775727..23785531 source=RiceChromosome05 preset=GeneLocation </gbrowseImage2>

Coding Sequence

<cdnaseq>atggagagcttcttcgtcttcttcacggcggcggcgttgccggtggtggtggcggcggcggtgatcgccgggctgtgcattacggcggcgtggctggcgaggccgcggcgcgtggcggaggtgttccggaggcaggggatcgacggcccgccgccgtcgtcgttcctggcggggaacctcccggagatgaaggcgagggtggccgccgcggcgtcggcggcggcgccaacggcggacggggaggagaccgcctccgccggcggcggcggcggtggccgggacttcgagaaggacgggttcgacgactactgcaccaggatcttcccttacttccacaagtggaggaaagcctacggcgagacgtacctgtactggctgcggcggcggccggcgctgtacgtgacggacccggagctcatcggcgagatcgggcggtgcgtgtcgctcgacatgggcaagcccaagtacctccagaaaggccaggagccactcttcggcggcggcgtcctcaaggccaacggcgcgtgctgggcgcgccagcgcaaggtcatcgcgccggagttctacatggcccgtgtcagggccatggtccagctcatggtcgacgccgcgcagccgctgatcgcctcctgggaatccaggatcgacgccgctggaggcgcggcggcggcggaggtcgtcgtcgacggcgacctccggagcttctccttcgatgtgatatcgcgggcttgctttgggagtgattactcgagggggagggagatcttcctccgcctccgtgagctgtccgggctcatgtcggagaccagcgtcatcttcagcatcccttcgctgaggcacctgccgacggggaagaaccggaggatctggaggctcacgggggagatccggtcgctgatcatggagctcgtcagggagcggaggtgcgcggcgagggcggcgagggagcacggcgggaaggcggcgccgccgtcgccgccggagcgcgacttcctcggctccatcatcgagaacagcggcgggcagccgcggccggacgacttcgtggtggacaactgcaagaacatctacttcgccgggcacgagacgagcgcggtcaccgcgacgtggtgcctcatgctgctcgccgcgcacccggagtggcaggaccgcgcccgcgccgaggtgctcgaggtctgcggcggcgacggcgccgccgcccccgccgcgccggacttcgacatggtgtcccggatgcggacggtggggatggtggtgcaggaaacgctgcggctgttcccgccgtcgtcgttcgtggtgcgggagacgttccgggacatgcagttgggtaggctgctggcgcccaagggcacctacctgttcgtcccggtgtccaccatgcaccacgacgtcgccgcctggggcccgacggcgaggctgttcgacccgtcccgcttccgcgacggcgtggcggcggcgtgcaagcacccgcaggcgtcgttcatgccgttcggcctcggcgcccgcacctgcctcggccagaacctcgcgctcgtcgaggtcaagacgctcgtcgccgtcgtcctcgcccggttcgagttcacgctctcgccggagtacaggcactcgccggcgttccggctcatcatcgagccggagttcggcctccgcctccgcatccgccgcgccggcggtcaggacgccacgtcacaagttgacacatctactgcacccgtgcatagttctcataattaa</cdnaseq>

Protein Sequence

<aaseq>MESFFVFFTAAALPVVVAAAVIAGLCITAAWLARPRRVAEVFRR QGIDGPPPSSFLAGNLPEMKARVAAAASAAAPTADGEETASAGGGGGGRDFEKDGFDD YCTRIFPYFHKWRKAYGETYLYWLRRRPALYVTDPELIGEIGRCVSLDMGKPKYLQKG QEPLFGGGVLKANGACWARQRKVIAPEFYMARVRAMVQLMVDAAQPLIASWESRIDAA GGAAAAEVVVDGDLRSFSFDVISRACFGSDYSRGREIFLRLRELSGLMSETSVIFSIP SLRHLPTGKNRRIWRLTGEIRSLIMELVRERRCAARAAREHGGKAAPPSPPERDFLGS IIENSGGQPRPDDFVVDNCKNIYFAGHETSAVTATWCLMLLAAHPEWQDRARAEVLEV CGGDGAAAPAAPDFDMVSRMRTVGMVVQETLRLFPPSSFVVRETFRDMQLGRLLAPKG TYLFVPVSTMHHDVAAWGPTARLFDPSRFRDGVAAACKHPQASFMPFGLGARTCLGQN LALVEVKTLVAVVLARFEFTLSPEYRHSPAFRLIIEPEFGLRLRIRRAGGQDATSQVD TSTAPVHSSHN</aaseq>

Gene Sequence

<dnaseqindica>111..465#8340..9718#aagggcgaggtgagcgaggcgagactcgagagagaggagaagatccagaaatcgcaagctgcacgctatagctaggtagctatctccggggaaagagagagtaggctgccatggagagcttcttcgtcttcttcacggcggcggcgttgccggtggtggtggcggcggcggtgatcgccgggctgtgcattacggcggcgtggctggcgaggccgcggcgcgtggcggaggtgttccggaggcaggggatcgacggcccgccgccgtcgtcgttcctggcggggaacctcccggagatgaaggcgagggtggccgccgcggcgtcggcggcggcgccaacggcggacggggaggagaccgcctccgccggcggcggcggcggtggccgggacttcgagaaggacgggttcgacgactactgcaccaggatcttcccttacttccacaagtggaggaaagcctacggtacgtgtacacaagcctctctcctctctactgctcgatttcacatcactagctacatgcatgatgcttgcttgctttgcctgttaattactccgctcatgtgtgcttaattagcttaattaattcacactccggttaatcaagtcatgcaaaacccacaattaatcagctatcaattgagatgagtatataccagaatatatatacttacagtaaatttaataaaaaaataaaaaaaagaaaagaaaagctctctcgatctctctgtgacgatgatacaagaaatttgtggttgccctagtaacaagttgactagagtataaaagctgctaaaatgtcaagagctctccatataaaaaagaacagtgggggagaataattaatactgtcccaaacagcgagaggaagagagggggcaaacgagaaaagagagaataaacaaaattaatgcaggatggaaaccgtggttgggacgaactactcggtttgcttccagtcaaccgtcctgcatcattaagctatggattaataattaattaactgcagtatataaatatatatactcccccacatatattaatcggtcgttggtccaattagacaacagcaaagccatgcctaggtacctgtctaggtaggctatgactgtagtacactcgtactactcacttaatagcacattagtgctcttattttgcgaattaatgaaactttaatcaataataactatatataactataatatatttagtataatttaacaatatatctattcagcgtgctatcgtttcttcagcctatcaatcaacttaaaaaacttagtgttaaattgattttggtgttttcttatcgtaatttttcttcagttttggattgttttttaagttgctaacaattttagttaacaaagctatttggaaggagaggaataatgcatccatgacaaaagtatatgcttcataataattttcatataccagatcttgcccctggtggtgacgtgttaccaaataccgactggaattaatttcttctctctttctttttctctctgccggtgcaatgaggcgacatttttgagttataactgtgcgtatgaatgcatgtattaattgctgtttgctgaggttaataggctagcaataccgttgttttgggggaccccgcagtttgacctagtagagtttatcatggacgcagactgcccctacctgttcttcttcacggacagcatgattaattagctatactagtggtagtactcgatgtcattaataattggtctctccgtacgtgaataattatcgatttttgactttgacaagtactccctccgtacttgttaaggaagtcgttttagacagcaacacggtctccaaaacacaactttaacttcttatttctataaaaatatttattgaaaagtgatatatgtatacttttatgaaatattttttaagacaaatatattcatataatttttacattttaaaacttaatggaaagttacttttccaagatttgactcaaacattgttctaaacgatttcctttatgagtacggaaaaagtatgttttttcactgttcttatgaagtgtacatggaaagtgatcgaatagctctgagcagtactctaggtagggaattacttttagttgcgtacaaatctaacaattaattaatatgccatttttagtgaacataattgtatattttctccgtttcacaatgtaagacattctagcattttccacatgcatattaatgttaatatgtctagattcattaacatcaatataaatataagaaatgctagaatgacttacattataaaacggaggaagtaatttatgctagaatgacttacattataaaacggaggaagtaatttagtacatcaccttcgtcgattattacgaaaacatccatcatatcgatcgatatctgtgtatttgctactccagaaaaatattttctgagaccgacccacagatgcatatatatgcacattattgtggcggttttcctttctttttagatcaatcggtggcctgacggccggcccagcttcgattgaaattaagctgaataattattgtggccgtcatgtgctaatcacccatataattaggcgtggttagaacctgactaagctatttaagccggtcagttaggctttcccaaaacggccatcaggccatgcatgttgccattagctgtccgagcacgccggccaaagctcaaccctcgtgatcacatcaactcgatctccccgatgcttatccctttttgcaagcaaccggtatgtggtgcttagataattaatgcaagaattaacagtgtacctcctatcaatttgccgttagctatgcatgtaatggattagaaattctatatgcatgttttcgtctaacagagtttgatcagcagcagtacttagctaactaattattctgtaatttatataactactataagctagagtttaagcagagtatgtaagtatgatattttaactaatttagttcttgtcatatggcactgtagttgaaaccataaaccgatcaattaataggacaaatattcaacctggttgcctcactgcatgcgttgttttagtttgacaaatgcatgcatgtgtatgatattttatttgcttggcccttaataagtatattatgttgaagtcatgcatcttgacacagaaacttggagcaaaaactatataatatatttcaagaaccaaagggcctgaatactagtacttgcctacatcgatcacatgatgctagtgtcaatcttatttaaggtttttatttcttctttaatgtcaaaatggctattgtttaactatctaaaaacaccaataattagaagactcccactagaccatctcatgatgcattgcacgtaggatcgatatatatggcaacattaattattttacttgaacatctaatcgcgttcgctattattcaacttatgttacatgttctcccctaatttaagcaaaggccggtttgaccaacgggaaacaaataattaaattgatcttccaggcccagtacttatattaattacctagtcattaactacattttctccatatttaatttgaatgcttcgttctgaaatatttaaaggccattaacactaacacggcacacaagaaattaatttaaatatttaatttggctagcatgtatacatatatatgttgatatgcatggatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatatgtatatatatatatatgtatatatatgtatatatgtatgtatatgtatatgtatatgtatatgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgacaatagctaactttagatatgtttttttttcgatgatacatggtcccggcctctgcatcacaaatgcacacatccaacgaatatcgtacaaataataataaaaaaagtgatgggacaaaactcccgactcctacataagacttaggactagtgagctaagggtgtgtttagttcaccaaaattggaaatttgattgaaattagaatgatgtgacggaaaagttgaaagtttgtgtgtgtaggaaagttttgatgtgatggaaaatttggaagtttgaagaaaaagtttagaactaaactcggcctaactgaaaacaaatcaattgatatttgttttcagttatgccgagtttagtttgacaaaattaaacgaaaccatacaatatataattacaaatcaataattaattcctaatgctgcttgatgctactagcttctctcctacacagtgccattgactaggtaattgctcctaaccctagctagctaagcatgcagctcgatcgaatcgatcgagcatgaaagcaacaggtcgatcgatagatggtaagccatgacgatcaatatgatcatatcatgcatgcatgacactgtagagtgtgtactacgtactaccaccactccaccaaccatgcatgcattcctcccccctctctcttgcaccttttaaagctagctaggacgtgtggggacttcaatatatttcttgtgcattgtctctcctacaaggattccacatggagatgtgcatatgcatggggttacaccaattaaaagtgcagcccacactctatggattgaaggtgctagctagatctctgtactctatccgtcccaaaatataagcatttttagttataaatccagatagatagttatccagattcgtagctaaaagttattatattttaggatggaggtaatatagtttagatggtggaaattaagtctagtagctatggggaaaaatggcaaaaataaaattacagtatggggttgtactggaaaattttcatttgaatatatctcttcacaaatatgtaagcctaaatttaatctaaatatatatgggcacaaatgaattaaaaaacatattttctatgaacatatatagcaggaataatatgcattcctcgattttattcccttcaagtgttcatatagtacgttaaaagtttgggttaaaaattttaaataatttctttagttattttgaaatggtatgaatgaaataagagcgtatacccttaagtcataaaagatcatccagattgaataaaaaaacaaagttaagataattaagtagatgaatgtaaatgtgcatatacatatcttgtctttctgttgactagttgtctgttcagaaattatatggcggaaaccctaactgaggtgaaaattcatgtgtaccaagacaaaaaaagaaagttctgaaatcacacaaacaatctcataagtagataagatgatagtgaacaaccatgtaaagatcttttccaaatttaactttcatttgtcagatataaaatgacaaattttgaatcagaaaatattttttttgtttgaaatttaccctcgtttcttgatctgaacagtaccactagatacacctagctacatgtatggtcgattgtgataggctcacacacatgctatagcttgatggttgtcatggtggttgcctagttggcaaaagttcgatgtccagctgtgctactatcatgataattggcagcagcctagctagctagttcaaggggacaatattacactggctttaataatttcctcgtcaccaccttttacctcaaaaacatattcttgaaaaaatgaagaatatgatcatttcaccaaaaatcatggactggccatgattaaccaactcattttggatggttttgttggattcctcaaaccagacacatcattctctgtgtcgagaatggagatgacgtgactagcttttatgactttagaaacatactccctccgtctcaaaaaataaactttaggtttctgtgtccaatgtttgatcgtatatcttatttgaaaaaaatatgaaaaaaattaaaaagacaaatcacgcataaagtattaatcatattttatcatctaacaataattcttttcgtgcttgtgattgtgagtattggaattcttttaatatatgctgaatatactaatgagcataaagtataacagactaatcaagtatgtgagttattcaatccttggcaatttccaatacaaatacagacacactatgtatggaacttttttatatatagtctattaaacaatatatctttgagccgtctgaaaccaaattatatgatatttttttagttaatcataccaagatcattaattgagtaggaatataagacttcaagggggaatcaacaatattaattgtttctgagaacaattattcaaagcaattcataataaaagcatatttattttaggagtgggtacacacactatctagcttgtaccatatataagtcaatgaccacgatatatggctagccacctccctccatcatgaaataaattaacctcatacgaatttagatatagaatatgtccagatttattgattaaatcctagattgatttattttaggacgaagagattacctgcctgcctgcactaaccatctgcgacgccgacgtgtcatccatcggtcgacaaaacgtacgcaggccaacacatgcatacgtacacacaattgcccatttgcaccccgctccccatgtccacgtcagacggcgacacgtacacattaacacatgtacacgtcgttttcacgtacgagctaagcaaatccaacgtacagaaaatagttaatttacccggttgccaactgggacacgtacgccggccacgtcacaggtctacgtggcgcggtgtgggccgggctaggagggttaaaagcccacgcttgtgtgctttggtcaactcgtgcacttattactctgaagagttattagccggttcgatgtgtcgcgattactgttgtaattaagtctgtctctgtggcgatatgtacgttgacgatgattaaggtggtgtttggatctagagacttaactttagtctctgtatttagacactaatttaaagtattaaatatagactaattacaaaactaattacataaataaaaacttatttgcgagataattttttttaagcctaattaatccataattagaaaatatttaatgtagcatcacataggataatcatgggttaattaggctcaatagaatcgtctcgcgaattagtctaagattatggatagtttttattaatagtctacgtttaatatatataattagtgtccaaacatccgataagatagagacttaaaagttttaggtggtgtttagatctagggacttaactttagtccctatatttagacactaatttagagtattaaatatagactacttacaaaactaattacataaataaaagctaattcgcgagataatttttttaagcctaattaatatataattagagaatgtttactgtagcatcacatatgctaatcatggattaattaggctcaatagattcgtctcgcgaattagttcaagattatggatgggttttattaataatctacgtttaatatttataattagtgtccaaacatccgatatgatagggacttaaaagttttaatctcatctaaatatggttttagtctcatctaaacagggtctaatagcagaaagttacgtgagattcgtatactcgtacgtacgtatttgcatcggaattttcaaaatcctagactctttctagtactggtggtacagtttggcaaatctggttttttggatggtttcagcatgtttaatttgcagtgtggaattgttgagatgctagagattttttgcagaacttatgtgaaatttaattaggcgtttcaactgtggctaaacgtgaagatatagcgcgctagagacgtgtgtgttggcagtgttgctttgcaatttgcataggctcgtggtgtttggttcagaaatttatttaaggatccggttgttttttttttcattttccttggtcaatgttgtaaagaatccgtagaatcttggcaagaagattctcccaaacctccaggaaagaggagaagattctccggaatcagtggaagtagtgcagtagctattgactgggatttttgtaagcccggtcaataggttcccctgtacccttggagagaccctgcaagtgcacacagatcacgtatatatccacatgcctatatgtgcatagatcacataggcacgcatcaaaagctttttaatcctagctagcttactttaatctttgattattttcaatagaaatttaatgacgtttaacttgattcatcattcggcgacgtctcttgaacatgttaaaggctgggccgaggcccaccaaaaacggaggcccatgagcaaatttcaaattctgactcgcgcgcggtggcggcaaaattttgcaggcgagacgtacctgtactggctgcggcggcggccggcgctgtacgtgacggacccggagctcatcggcgagatcgggcggtgcgtgtcgctcgacatgggcaagcccaagtacctccagaaaggccaggagccactcttcggcggcggcgtcctcaaggccaacggcgcgtgctgggcgcgccagcgcaaggtcatcgcgccggagttctacatggcccgtgtcagggccatggtccagctcatggtcgacgccgcgcagccgctgatcgcctcctgggaatccaggatcgacgccgctggaggcgcggcggcggcggaggtcgtcgtcgacggcgacctccggagcttctccttcgatgtgatatcgcgggcttgctttgggagtgattactcgagggggagggagatcttcctccgcctccgtgagctgtccgggctcatgtcggagaccagcgtcatcttcagcatcccttcgctgaggcacctgccgacggggaagaaccggaggatctggaggctcacgggggagatccggtcgctgatcatggagctcgtcagggagcggaggtgcgcggcgagggcggcgagggagcacggcgggaaggcggcgccgccgtcgccgccggagcgcgacttcctcggctccatcatcgagaacagcggcgggcagccgcggccggacgacttcgtggtggacaactgcaagaacatctacttcgccgggcacgagacgagcgcggtcaccgcgacgtggtgcctcatgctgctcgccgcgcacccggagtggcaggaccgcgcccgcgccgaggtgctcgaggtctgcggcggcgacggcgccgccgcccccgccgcgccggacttcgacatggtgtcccggatgcggacggtggggatggtggtgcaggaaacgctgcggctgttcccgccgtcgtcgttcgtggtgcgggagacgttccgggacatgcagttgggtaggctgctggcgcccaagggcacctacctgttcgtcccggtgtccaccatgcaccacgacgtcgccgcctggggcccgacggcgaggctgttcgacccgtcccgcttccgcgacggcgtggcggcggcgtgcaagcacccgcaggcgtcgttcatgccgttcggcctcggcgcccgcacctgcctcggccagaacctcgcgctcgtcgaggtcaagacgctcgtcgccgtcgtcctcgcccggttcgagttcacgctctcgccggagtacaggcactcgccggcgttccggctcatcatcgagccggagttcggcctccgcctccgcatccgccgcgccggcggtcaggacgccacgtcacaagttgacacatctactgcacccgtgcatagttctcataattaattggcttctgtaaacagctagtaagtcgtgaactgaaaaaaatacatcacacatacagagacaacagaggattaccattttaccagc</dnaseqindica>

External Link(s)

NCBI Gene:Os05g0482400, RefSeq:Os05g0482400

Retrieved from "https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ricewiki/index.php?title=Os05g0482400&oldid=183965"