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Revision as of 04:21, 12 June 2015
ONAC045, is a rice NAC(NAM, ATAF1/2, CUC2) gene and belongs to The plant-specific NAC transcription factors, which play diverse roles in plant development and stress responses[1][2].
Contents
Annotated Information
Function
ONAC045 was induced by drought, high salt, and low temperature stresses, and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment in leaves and roots. It functioned as a transcriptional activator. ONAC045 encodes a novel stress-responsive NAC transcription factor and is potential useful for engineering drought and salt tolerant rice[1].
GO assignment(s): GO:0003677, GO:0045449
Mutation
transgenic rice plants[1]: In order to characterize the in vivo function of ONAC045, transgenic rice plants overexpressing this gene were generated. The T2 generations of two homozygous transgenic lines, overexpression line 2 (OE2) and overexpression line 3 (OE3), were used for stress tolerance assay. We tested the effect of ONAC045 overexpression on drought tolerance. As shown in Fig. 1A and B, more than 90% of OE2 and more than 70% of OE3 remained vigorous respectively after recovery, while only about 35% of wide type survived, suggesting that overexpression of ONAC045 could improve drought tolerance in transgenic rice. The effect of ONAC045 overexpression on salt tolerance was also investigated. As shown in Fig. 1C and D, the survival rates of OE2 and OE3 were more than 60%, significantly higher than that of WT plants (16%), suggesting that overexpression of ONAC045 could improve salt tolerance in transgenic rice.
Expression
- Expression pattern of ONAC045 in young leaves, young roots, mature leaves, stems, and panicles was investigated using realtime
RT-PCR. It was shown that the expression level was higher in young roots than in other organs examined (Fig. 2A). The expression pattern of ONAC045 under various stress treatments in leaves and roots was also investigated (Fig. 2B).Expression analysis showed that ONAC045 was highly induced by drought, salt, cold, and ABA in leaves and roots. Interestingly, the expression pattern was different between leaves and roots. For example, after salt treatment, the induced expression was much higher in roots than that in leaves at all three examined time points, suggesting that the expression of ONAC045 was differently regulated in leaves and roots. A previous study showed that ONAC045 was not induced under drought treatment in leaves[3] , which was different with our results here (Fig. 2B).
- Transgenic rice plants overexpressing ONAC045 showed enhanced drought and salt tolerance, indicating that ONAC045 played an important role in abiotic stress response and may serve as a potential target for engineering stress tolerant rice.
- Overexpression of ONAC045 induced expression of two stressresponsive genes: the expression levels of a late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) gene and a homologue gene of wheat plasma membrane protein (WPM-1) were strongly induced in transgenic rice compared with that in wild type rice under normal growth condition.
Subcellular localization
Yeast two-hybrid system was used to investigate the transcriptional activation of ONAC045. The results indicate that ONAC045 had transcriptional activation and was localized in the nucleus[1].
Evolution
Systematic sequence analysis revealed 140 putative NAC or NAC-like genes (ONAC) in rice[3]. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that NAC family can be divided into five groups (I–V). Among them, all the published development-related genes fell into group I, and all the published stress-related NAC genes fell into the group III (namely stress-responsive NAC genes, SNAC). Distinct compositions of the putative motifs were revealed on the basis of NAC protein sequences in rice. Most members contained a complete NAC DNA-binding domain and a variable transcriptional regulation domain. Sequence analysis, together with the organization of putative motifs, indicated distinct structures and potential diverse functions of NAC family in rice[3].
Knowledge Extension
- The complex post-transcriptional regulation involves micro-RNA (miRNA)-mediated cleavage of genes (Figure 3).NAC TFs also undergo intensive post-translational regulation which includes protein degradation mediated by ubiquitins, dimerization and interaction with other non-NAC proteins.Upon translation, such DREB-type and AREB-type proteins could counter-control the transcription of NAC genes. Furthermore, expression of stress-responsive NACs may be tightly regulated by several stress-responsive cis-acting elements contained in the promoter region[2](Figure 3).
- NAC family, which is one of the largest plant transcription factor families, is only found in plants to date[4]. Proteins of this family are characterized by a highly conserved DNA binding domain, known as NAC domain in the N-terminal region. In contrast, the C-terminal region of NAC proteins, usually containing the transcriptional activation domain, is highly diversified both in length and sequence[5]. More than 100 members of this family have been identified in both Arabidopsis and rice[3][5]. However, only a few of them have been functionally characterized, especially in rice. NACs play important roles in plant development, including pattern formation of embryos and flowers, formation of secondary walls, and development of lateral roots. NACs are also reported to participate in abiotic and biotic responses.
- Genetic improvement in drought tolerance in rice is the key to save water for sustainable agriculture. Drought tolerance is a complex trait and involves interplay of a vast array of genes. Several genotypes of rice have evolved features that impart tolerance
to drought and other abiotic stresses[6].
Labs working on this gene
- National Center for Gene Research & Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Caobao Road, Shanghai 200233, China
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Zheng X, Chen B, Lu G, et al. Overexpression of a NAC transcription factor enhances rice drought and salt tolerance[J]. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 2009, 379(4): 985-989.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Puranik S, Sahu P P, Srivastava P S, et al. NAC proteins: regulation and role in stress tolerance[J]. Trends in plant science, 2012, 17(6): 369-381.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Fang Y, You J, Xie K, et al. Systematic sequence analysis and identification of tissue-specific or stress-responsive genes of NAC transcription factor family in rice[J]. Molecular Genetics and Genomics, 2008, 280(6): 547-563.
- ↑ Riechmann J L, Heard J, Martin G, et al. Arabidopsis transcription factors: genome-wide comparative analysis among eukaryotes[J]. Science, 2000, 290(5499): 2105-2110.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Ooka H, Satoh K, Doi K, et al. Comprehensive analysis of NAC family genes in Oryza sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana[J]. DNA research, 2003, 10(6): 239-247.
- ↑ Lenka S K, Katiyar A, Chinnusamy V, et al. Comparative analysis of drought‐responsive transcriptome in Indica rice genotypes with contrasting drought tolerance[J]. Plant biotechnology journal, 2011, 9(3): 315-327.
