Os07g0129700

Please input one-sentence summary here.

Annotated Information

Function

Please input function information here. OSH15 cDNA 1566 bp, contains five exons and encoding a 355 amino acid composition of protein products.Mutant d6 - tankanshirasasa and d6-1 is due to part of the loss of the exon 4 and exon 5  ;Mutant d6 - ID6 is because of missing part of a total of about 700 bp of exon 1 and 5 'UTR and 1 part of introns .（Sato et al., 1999）

OSH15 encoding a protein containing homologous heterotypic structure domain.OSH15 might be responsible for decide the position of elongation internode of grassroots outside cells, control of small vascular bundle sheath, sclerenchyma and the growth of epidermal cells;OSH15 possible in two ways to control the morphology and differentiation of internodes cell: one is the OSH15 may adjust the intercalary meristem cell division rate of intercalary meristem and maintain the quarter life to influence the internode elongation;The second is OSH15 may as the development of dermal cells develop into thick wall switch (Sato et al., 1999)

KNOX homologous genes alien to maintaining culture cell in undifferentiated state is enough, on the stage of meristematic cells pending the formation and maintaining of has an important role.Reference OSH1 (Ito et al., 2001)

OSH a gene expression can induce transgenic rice leaf sheath of ectopic bud, their ectopic expression interfere with leaf development and to promote leaf is in a state of undifferentiated, reference OsH43 (Sentoku et al., 2000)

Expression

Please input expression information here. To identify model of crop rice involves genes during embryogenesis, the Japanese scholar built specific cDNA library at the stage of embryonic development after organ differentiation in the former .The author focuses on KNOX (corn knotted1 similar mutant) homologous alien genes which may function in the regulation of rice embryogenesis. In early zygote embryo library，researchers identified three types of KNOX genes, two of them are Oskn2 and OsKn3, while OsH1 OsKN1 was previously reported.In situ hybridization showed that in the early embryonic development, three KNOX genes in the shoot apex meristem SAM organogenesis of regional expression.Show three KNOX genes are involved in regulating the formation of SAM.But before someone reports OsH1 involved in maintaining function of SAM.Oskn3 may participate in the shape of organs positioning mode, its expression can be divided with SMA form the boundary of different embryonic organs.Oskn2 expression patterns showed that the gene in shield and the development of the ectoderm.Oskn2 and OsKn3 expressed in tobacco further support the KNOX is involved in cell fate determination.Just like Knotted1 OsH1 ectopic expression of Oskn3 transformant in nutrition growth phase has the most significant phenotypic effects, OsKn2 transformant at vegetative stage has a relatively small change but flowers form is more serious.KNOX transgenic tobacco produce similar phenotypes, suggesting that the function of the gene product overlap each other, but different target genes or the special factor to determine the cell type the KNOX genes more precise behavior (Postma - Haarsma, et al., 1999). Homologous alien genes in many eukaryotes have an important regulatory role in the plant and the decision of the body， including to the establishment of a cell or area. Japanese scholars separated and identified a piece of code is KNOTTED homologous protein cDNA sequence of alien box, named OsH15.In OsH15 cDNA of expression in the tomato, the tomato development certain parts of the disorder, phenotypic change obviously, so think OsH15 involved in plant growth.OSH15 do through the entire plant life cycle of the in situ hybridization and the analysis and comparison with OSH1, the authors found that in the early stages of embryogenesis, two genes into SAM in the future development at the same site expression mode, while in the later performance, OSH1 can increased expression in the SAM, and OSH15 expressed in SAM would stop, but still can be in some boundary ring of embryonic organ models that can be observed.This expression pattern in nutrition or reproductive stem end, or plant HuaFen in similar groups.In situ hybridization showed that OSH1 play an important role in stems form , the early embryogenesis, and taking part in the shoot apex meristem of the surrounding organs (Sato et al., 1998)

Knowledge Extension

A proposed model of Strigolactone(SL) signalling patyway ).

Strigolactones (SLs) are a group of newly identified plant hormones that control plant shoot branching. SL signaling requires the hormone-dependent interaction of DWARF14 (D14) which is regulated by the interaction of OsMADS57 with OsTB1. In this study, they have identified theD53gene that encodes a substrate of the SCF(D3) ubiquitination complex, and revealed that D53 functions as a repressor ofSL signalling. These results allow to establish a model of SL signalling that is centred around a D14–D3–D53 signalling axis . In the presence of SLs, perception of SL by D14 and the SCF(D3) complex leads to ubiquitination of D53 and its subsequent degradation by the ubiquitin proteasome system, which in turn releases the repression of downstream target genes . In the d53 plant, the mutated D53 protein is resistant to ubiquitination and degradation, leading to the accumulation of d53, which blocks SL signalling and results in dwarf and high tillering phenotypes. The signalling paradigm of SLs is still emerging as SLs are a relatively new class of plant hormone for which many knowledge gaps still exist. Identification of D53 as a repressor of SL signalling adds a critical piece of information that helps to paint the whole picture of the SL signalling pathways. Moreover, the work has also provided an important paradigm for understanding signalling pathways of other plant hormones, for example, karrikins, a class of plant growth regulators found in the smoke of burning plants. Karrikin signalling involves MAX2 and KAI2, a D14-like α / β-hydrolase. It is probable that a similar protein to D53 could serve as the repressor of karrikin signalling. Indeed, multiple D53-like proteins are found in rice and inArabidopsis. We propose that these proteins could serve as repressors of signalling by karrikin and other plant hormones, in a similar way to D53 in SL signalling.

Labs working on this gene

Please input related labs here. 1. Makoto Matsuoka Personal Home Page: http://www.bio.nagoya-u.ac.jp/gcoe/english/member/matsuoka.html 2. KURATA, Nori Professor Personal Home Page: http://www.nig.ac.jp/section/kurata/kurata-e.html

References

• 1. Yukihiro Ito;Nori Kurata Disruption of KNOX gene suppression in leaf by introducing its cDNA in rice Plant Science, 2008, 174(3): 357-365
• 2. Yukihiro Ito;Mitsugu Eiguchi;Nori Kurata KNOX homeobox genes are sufficient in maintaining cultured cells in an undifferentiated state in rice Genesis, 2001, 30(4): 231-238
• 3. Hiroshi Nagasaki;Tomoaki Sakamoto;Yutaka Sato;Makoto Matsuoka Functional Analysis of the Conserved Domains of a Rice KNOX Homeodomain Protein, OSH15 The Plant Cell, 2001, 13(9): 2085-2098
• 4. Naoki Sentoku;Yutaka Sato;Makoto Matsuoka Overexpression of Rice OSH Genes Induces Ectopic Shoots on Leaf Sheaths of Transgenic Rice Plants Developmental Biology, 2000, 220(2): 358-364
• 5. A. Dorien Postma-Haarsma;Ira I.G.S. Verwoert;Oscar P. Stronk;Jan Koster;Gerda E.M. Lamers;J. Harry C. Hoge;Annemarie H. Meijer Characterization of the KNOX class homeobox genes Oskn2 and Oskn3 identified in a collection of cDNA libraries covering the early stages of rice mbryogenesis Plant Molecular Biology, 1999, 39(2): 257-271
• 6. Yutaka Sato;Naoki Sentoku;Yoshio Miura;Hirohiko Hirochika;Hidemi Kitano and Makoto Matsuoka Loss-of-function mutations in the rice homeobox gene OSH15 affect the architecture of internodes resulting in dwarf plants The EMBO Journal, 1999, 18(4): 992-1002
• 7. Naoki Sentoku;Yutaka Sato;Nori Kurata;Yukihiro Ito;Hidemi Kitano;Makoto Matsuoka Regional Expression of the Rice KN1-Type Homeobox Gene Family during Embryo, Shoot, and Flower Development The Plant Cell, 1999, 11(9): 1651-1664
• 8. Yutaka Sato;Naoki Sentoku;Yasuo Nagato;Makoto Matsuoka Isolation and characterization of a rice homebox gene, OSH15 Plant Molecular Biology, 1998, 38(6): 983-997
• 9. Douglas, S. J., et al. (2002). "KNAT1 and ERECTA regulate inflorescence architecture in Arabidopsis." The Plant Cell Online 14(3): 547-558.
• 10. Ha, C. M., et al. (2003). "The BLADE-ON-PETIOLE 1 gene controls leaf pattern formation through the modulation of meristematic activity in Arabidopsis." Development 130(1): 161-172.
• 11. Itoh, H., et al. (2004). "A rice semi-dwarf gene, Tan-Ginbozu (D35), encodes the gibberellin biosynthesis enzyme, ent-kaurene oxidase." Plant molecular biology 54(4): 533-547.
• 12. Komatsu, K., et al. (2003). "LAX and SPA: major regulators of shoot branching in rice." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100(20): 11765-11770.
• 13. Ori, N., et al. (2000). "Mechanisms that control knox gene expression in the Arabidopsis shoot." Development 127(24): 5523-5532.
• 14. Sakamoto, T., et al. (2006). "Ectopic expression of KNOTTED1-like homeobox protein induces expression of cytokinin biosynthesis genes in rice." Plant Physiology 142(1): 54-62.