Os01g0907900

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Annotated Information

Function

Taken together, our results indicated that the patatin-like PLA2 might play a significant role in the formation of vascular bundles, and that the dep3 mutant may provide another EP resource for rice breeding programs.

Leafy head2, which encodes a putative RNA-binding protein, regulates shoot development of rice.

Mutants with abnormal leaf developmental patterns not only provide a great insight into understanding the regulatory mechanism of plant architecture, but also enrich the ways to its modification by which crop yield could be improved.

We show that PLA2 normally acts to retard the rate of leaf maturation but does so independently of PLA1, which encodes a member of the P450 family.

It was unusually stable with regard to heat, acidity, and organic solvents but was sensitive to disulfide bond-reducing agents.

Phospholipase A(2)s (PLA(2)s) constitute a large superfamily of enzymes whose products are important for a multitude of signal transduction processes, lipid mediator release, lipid metabolism, development, plant stress responses, and host defense.

Instead, it produced a leafy panicle, in which all primary rachis-branches were converted to vegetative shoots.

Architecture of the rice inflorescence, which is determined mainly by the morphology, number and length of primary and secondary inflorescence branches, is an important agronomical trait.

These results indicate that both PLA1 and PLA2 act downstream of the GA signal transduction pathway to regulate leaf development.

Comparison of genome-scale expression profiles between wild-type and lhd2 plants suggested that LHD2 may regulate rice shoot development through KNOX and hormone-related genes.

Although the pattern of leaf initiation is a key element of plant shoot architecture, little is known about how the time interval between initiation events, termed plastochron, is regulated.

Fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of dense and erect panicle 3, DEP3, which confers high grain yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Here, we present a detailed analysis of plastochron2 (pla2), a rice (Oryza sativa) mutant that exhibits shortened plastochron and precocious maturation of leaves during the vegetative phase and ectopic shoot formation during the reproductive phase.

During vegetative development, higher plants continuously form new leaves in regular spatial and temporal patterns.

In a Dissociation (Ds) insertion rice population, we identified a mutant, compact shoot and leafy head 1 (csl1), which produced massive number of leaves (~70) during the vegetative phase.

PLA3/GO encodes a glutamate carboxypeptidase, which is thought to catabolize small acidic peptides and produce small signaling molecules.

CSL1 may represent a novel gene, which functions downstream of PLA1 and/or PLA2, or alternatively functions in a separate pathway, involved in the regulation of leaf initiation and developmental transition via plant hormones or other mobile signals.

Double mutant analysis revealed that PLA1, PLA2 and PLA3 are regulated independently but function redundantly.

Despite the importance of PLA genes in plant development, their molecular functions remain unknown.

The mutant allele gene carried a 408 bp genomic deletion within LOC_Os06g46350, which included the last 47 bp coding region of the third exon and the first 361 bp of the 3'-untranslated region.

Based on these analyses, we propose a model in which plastochron is determined by signals from immature leaves that act non-cell-autonomously in the shoot apical meristem to inhibit the initiation of new leaves.

preceded by a 25 amino acid signal peptide), and were derived from four expressed sequence tag (EST) clones.

Here we report the identification of the rice gene PLASTOCHRON3 (PLA3)/GOLIATH (GO) that regulates various developmental processes including the rate of leaf initiation (the plastochron).

csl1 is most likely a dominant mutation because no mutant segregant was observed in progeny of 67 siblings of the csl1 mutant.

The crystal structure of rice (Oryza sativa) isoform 2 phospholipase A(2) has been determined to 2.0 A resolution using sulfur SAD phasing, and shows that the class XIb phospholipases have a unique structure compared with other secreted PLA(2)s.

The C-terminal half is folded into three anti-parallel alpha-helices, of which the two first are also present in other secreted PLA(2)s and contain the conserved catalytic histidine and calcium liganding aspartate residues.

A 53-amino acid-long N-terminal sequence was determined and aligned with other sequences, giving 62% identity to the deduced amino acid sequence of some rice (Oryza sativa) expressed sequence tag clones.

We found that gibberellin (GA) is the major phytohormone that promotes PLA1 and PLA2 expression.

The full sequences of two distinct but homologous rice (Oryza sativa) cDNAs are given here.

This sequence was different from but homologous to the PLA2-I and PLA2-II sequences.

Phenotypically csl1 resembled pla mutants in short plastochron but was more severe in the conversion of the reproductive organs to vegetative organs.

The N-terminal half of the chain contains mainly loop structure, including the conserved Ca(2+)-binding loop, but starts with a short 3(10)-helix and also includes two short anti-parallel beta-strands.

PLASTOCHRON3/GOLIATH encodes a glutamate carboxypeptidase required for proper development in rice.

Recently, we purified to homogeneity and characterized a low-molecular-weight calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 (PLA2) from developing elm seed endosperm.

However, in contrast to pla1 and pla2, pla3 showed pleiotropic phenotypes including enlarged embryo, seed vivipary, defects in SAM maintenance and aberrant leaf morphology.

Purification and characterization of a low-molecular-weight phospholipase A2 from developing seeds of elm.

Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) was purified about 180,000 times compared with the starting soluble-protein extract from developing elm (Ulmus glabra) seeds.

They contained twelve conserved cysteine residues and sequences that are likely to represent the Ca(2+)-binding loop and active-site motif, which are characteristic of animal secretory PLA2s.

The octanoate molecule in the complex structure is bound in a hydrophobic pocket, which extends to the likely membrane interface and is proposed to model the binding of the product fatty acid.

On sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis the purified fraction showed a single protein band with a mobility that corresponded to 15 kD, from which activity could be recovered.

Southern blot analysis suggested that multiple copies of such genes are likely to occur in the rice and in other plant genomes.

Rice PLASTOCHRON genes regulate leaf maturation downstream of the gibberellin signal transduction pathway.

Rice PLASTOCHRON 1 (PLA1) and PLA2 genes regulate leaf maturation and plastochron, and their loss-of-function mutants exhibit small organs and rapid leaf emergence.

The dep3 mutation also regulated other panicle characteristics, including panicle length, grain shape and grain number per panicle.

PLASTOCHRON2 regulates leaf initiation and maturation in rice.

The shoot apical meristem (SAM) produces lateral organs in a regular spacing (phyllotaxy) and at a regular interval (phyllochron) during the vegetative phase.

These encode mature proteins of 1 19 amino acids (PLA2-I, preceded by a 19 amino acid signal peptide) and 128 amino acids (PLA2-II.

They encode a cytochrome P450 protein CYP78A11 and an RNA-binding protein, respectively.

The DEP3 gene was identified as the candidate via a map-based cloning approach and was predicted to encode a patatin-like phospholipase A2 (PLA2) superfamily domain-containing protein.

The molecular and genetic analysis showed that LHD2 encodes a putative RNA binding protein with 67% similarity to maize TE1.

The corresponding PLA2 gene is revealed to be an orthologue of terminal ear1, a maize (Zea mays) gene that encodes a MEI2-like RNA binding protein.

Expression

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Evolution

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Labs working on this gene

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Structured Information

Gene Name	Os01g0907900
Description	Similar to Terminal ear1
Version	NM_001051674.1 GI:115441718 GeneID:4324983
Length	3557 bp
Definition	Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os01g0907900, complete gene.
Source	Oryza sativa Japonica Group ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
Chromosome	Chromosome 1
Location	Chromosome 1:41279485..41283041
Sequence Coding Region	41279485..41280220,41280332..41280500,41280573..41281076,41281207..41281335,41282437..41282578 ,41282670..41283041
Expression	GEO Profiles:Os01g0907900
Genome Context	<gbrowseImage1> name=NC_008394:41279485..41283041 source=RiceChromosome01 preset=GeneLocation </gbrowseImage1>
Gene Structure	<gbrowseImage2> name=NC_008394:41279485..41283041 source=RiceChromosome01 preset=GeneLocation </gbrowseImage2>
Coding Sequence	<cdnaseq>atggaggaaggaggtgggagtggcgtgggtgggatgcagggagcggcgtcgaatcttctggacgccggagctcaggcgttctaccctgccgtcggcgcgccgttcccgttccagcagcttccgcaccagctgtactgcccgcagccgccgccgccgccgtaccaggtcatgccggtgccgccgccgccgccgccggtgggcttgcctgtaccgccgctgccggcgacgatggcgccgcagccgggctactgcgtgccggcggccgcgacggtggtggacggtccggccagccgcgccgtcgtgctgagcctggtgccgccgcacgcgccggaggacgagatcgcccgcgcgatggctccgttcggtgcggtgcgcgccgtggacgcgtcggcggtggcgtccgagggcgtcgcgaccgtctacttcttcgatctccgctccgccgagcacgccgtcacgggggtccgcgagcagcacatccggcagcagtgccggctcggccagctctacgccgccgccgccgccgccgccgcctcgtccccgacctggcccccgccggcgtgggactggccccacgacgacaaccgcgggctcgtcctcggccaggccgtctgggcccacttcgccgccgcctccaccgtccccgacgacggcgccagccgcggctccctcgtcgtgctcaattccctccccgccatgtccgtgttcgaactccgcgaaatcttccaagcatacggtgacgtgaaggacgtgagggagtcggcgctgcggccgagcaacaagttcgtcgagttcttcgacacgcgcgacgccgaccgcgcgctccacgagctcaacggcaaggagctcttcggccgccgcctcgtcgtcgagtacacgcgcccttccctccccggcccacgcaggcgcgggcacgtgtcgcaccagcccttggccccgacgccgccgaggctgcaggcggcttggcggccggcgccggcgccgtcgcagtctgcgcagccgtcgtcgtctggctccggcaaggcgagggaaggcgtggtgcttctgcgcaggagctccgggaaaggtagctcgggtagccagtccaagggcggtggcaatgctggccacgagcggaagagcaagggcggcaagagcgccgcggcggcgtgttcgacggcggcttcagcatcgtcgtctaccgcaacggcgcccagcaagcaaagccagaaaggcggcggcggcggcggcggccgtggcgggagctggagaggccagaagagcgggtgggaggctcgcttcctgttcaaagaacccgaggccgcggccgccgccgccggcgacgctgccgcctccgagacgcatgagccggcgagctgcaaggacacgagaaccaccgtgatgatcaggaacatcccaaacaagtacagccagaagctgctgctcaacatgctggacaaccactgcatcctctccaaccagcagatcgaggcgagctgcgaagacgaagcccagccattctcctcctacgatttcctctacctccccatagatttcaacaacaagtgcaacgtgggctatggcttcgtcaacctcacctcgccggaggctgccgtgcggctgtacaaggcgttccacaagcaaccgtgggaggtgttcaactcgcgcaagatttgccaagtgacatacgcacgcgtgcaaggcctggacgcgctcaaggagcacttcaagaactccaagttcccgtgcgacagcgacgagtacctgcccgtggtgttctcgccgccgcgggacggcaagctgctcacggagccggtgccgctggtcggccgctcgccggcaccgtcgtcggcgtccggggcgtcgtcgccgcccaagagctgcgccgcgagcgtcgacccactcgcgcaggagctcatgacagcgccgtcttcctccggcgacggcgcctcctccgcctcctcgtccaatgcccacgccgacgaggatgacgtccatggcgaaaccggtggtgaccgtggcgacgacgcggggctcgatctggagctacagcgcctaggctacactgactag</cdnaseq>
Protein Sequence	<aaseq>MEEGGGSGVGGMQGAASNLLDAGAQAFYPAVGAPFPFQQLPHQL YCPQPPPPPYQVMPVPPPPPPVGLPVPPLPATMAPQPGYCVPAAATVVDGPASRAVVL SLVPPHAPEDEIARAMAPFGAVRAVDASAVASEGVATVYFFDLRSAEHAVTGVREQHI RQQCRLGQLYAAAAAAAASSPTWPPPAWDWPHDDNRGLVLGQAVWAHFAAASTVPDDG ASRGSLVVLNSLPAMSVFELREIFQAYGDVKDVRESALRPSNKFVEFFDTRDADRALH ELNGKELFGRRLVVEYTRPSLPGPRRRGHVSHQPLAPTPPRLQAAWRPAPAPSQSAQP SSSGSGKAREGVVLLRRSSGKGSSGSQSKGGGNAGHERKSKGGKSAAAACSTAASASS STATAPSKQSQKGGGGGGGRGGSWRGQKSGWEARFLFKEPEAAAAAAGDAAASETHEP ASCKDTRTTVMIRNIPNKYSQKLLLNMLDNHCILSNQQIEASCEDEAQPFSSYDFLYL PIDFNNKCNVGYGFVNLTSPEAAVRLYKAFHKQPWEVFNSRKICQVTYARVQGLDALK EHFKNSKFPCDSDEYLPVVFSPPRDGKLLTEPVPLVGRSPAPSSASGASSPPKSCAAS VDPLAQELMTAPSSSGDGASSASSSNAHADEDDVHGETGGDRGDDAGLDLELQRLGYT D</aaseq>
Gene Sequence	<dnaseqindica>1..736#848..1016#1089..1592#1723..1851#2953..3094#3186..3557#atggaggaaggaggtgggagtggcgtgggtgggatgcagggagcggcgtcgaatcttctggacgccggagctcaggcgttctaccctgccgtcggcgcgccgttcccgttccagcagcttccgcaccagctgtactgcccgcagccgccgccgccgccgtaccaggtcatgccggtgccgccgccgccgccgccggtgggcttgcctgtaccgccgctgccggcgacgatggcgccgcagccgggctactgcgtgccggcggccgcgacggtggtggacggtccggccagccgcgccgtcgtgctgagcctggtgccgccgcacgcgccggaggacgagatcgcccgcgcgatggctccgttcggtgcggtgcgcgccgtggacgcgtcggcggtggcgtccgagggcgtcgcgaccgtctacttcttcgatctccgctccgccgagcacgccgtcacgggggtccgcgagcagcacatccggcagcagtgccggctcggccagctctacgccgccgccgccgccgccgccgcctcgtccccgacctggcccccgccggcgtgggactggccccacgacgacaaccgcgggctcgtcctcggccaggccgtctgggcccacttcgccgccgcctccaccgtccccgacgacggcgccagccgcggctccctcgtcgtgctcaattccctccccgccatgtccgtgttcgaactccgcgaaatcttccaagcatacggtacatacaccaccaccgcacgctttcttccgcgaattcctccatgtttcgcttcttgtgtttccaaccaattcattctcttggtcgggtcgcctcgtcgtgtgtttgcaggtgacgtgaaggacgtgagggagtcggcgctgcggccgagcaacaagttcgtcgagttcttcgacacgcgcgacgccgaccgcgcgctccacgagctcaacggcaaggagctcttcggccgccgcctcgtcgtcgagtacacgcgcccttccctccccggcccacgcaggtaaaagaattcaccgtcgtgttaattcccatcgaaaacgcacggtaaaactaatttggctgtggttggcaggcgcgggcacgtgtcgcaccagcccttggccccgacgccgccgaggctgcaggcggcttggcggccggcgccggcgccgtcgcagtctgcgcagccgtcgtcgtctggctccggcaaggcgagggaaggcgtggtgcttctgcgcaggagctccgggaaaggtagctcgggtagccagtccaagggcggtggcaatgctggccacgagcggaagagcaagggcggcaagagcgccgcggcggcgtgttcgacggcggcttcagcatcgtcgtctaccgcaacggcgcccagcaagcaaagccagaaaggcggcggcggcggcggcggccgtggcgggagctggagaggccagaagagcgggtgggaggctcgcttcctgttcaaagaacccgaggccgcggccgccgccgccggcgacgctgccgcctccgagacgcatgagccggcgagctgcaaggacacgagaaccaccgtgatgatcaggaacatcccaaacaagtacaggtcactccgctagcttccacgttgttgacgaaatgctatatttcatgggcgccgcgagcccagaattgcctgcctcgcattgcgagcttggcactgatgcctgagcttgtcgtctgttgcttgttcgcagccagaagctgctgctcaacatgctggacaaccactgcatcctctccaaccagcagatcgaggcgagctgcgaagacgaagcccagccattctcctcctacgatttcctctacctccccatagatttcaagtgagtcagctcccgatatgctgtatttatattttatggtgcccaatgcaagaacactgcggcacacactgtccacgcccaatgacaatgacggcctccatgcttcatttccgactgagaattcagtcctagaaaactaattaattttatgattcttgaggggaattgtgcaatggaattgcattgccgtgtgaaggaaggacaaaggtatatgaaaggggcttggaaatgtactgggagatgaatgggtagttgggagctctagctgctggtagtgatgtgtgagcttgtggatcgagttatctttgggctgggtagtactagcatgttactgcactgtactgctagtctgcaacacatatggacgcctactctggtgccatggctgtaatagcccaaatggaaaggaaattggcagtccaagggagatcacaccagatccttctcgttttgatgcatcaaatccttttgttgcatgcaatcctctgatcatgagcatctgttcacatgtctacctttcttgcgcacctgcctctaggatctcctgcctgccttgctctctttcttgcttgcttgcgctgtcttgacctgcacttccatagcaaagtccaacgcaaaaaggaggggctagacgtcatggagtagcggtgaaaaggtgcatcaatgcaaaagcgttttcaattttgacatgtagtaatatatttcttttcctgagaaaaaggtatggtgaccaatgcataattaagcactttcttttcactggagtaccaacttttatctttgcacgaaccaagttgagaaaagacctatcaaatgccccaatgactagcgtgcattgtggaatcaaaaggtagctccacaacaaaaatatgatagaaatattgttgtgcaagtttatagttccccgagcttctgacttcgaaggcctcaattccaagaatatttgtgttcttgaccttgacaagtcgtttgttatcattcataactcatttttggtcacccggttctttatcgcttctctacttgttgagaagtttttaaattcaggcattaaattatcttttcggctgtgctaacctgctaaaatatgaggccatgcagcaacaagtgcaacgtgggctatggcttcgtcaacctcacctcgccggaggctgccgtgcggctgtacaaggcgttccacaagcaaccgtgggaggtgttcaactcgcgcaagatttgccaagtgacatacgcacgcgtgcaagtacgagcgccgttaaatctctcccaattgtgctgataaatctagaccgatcatcatgtgtggcaagtgctaaacccgtgcatgcgcgcagggcctggacgcgctcaaggagcacttcaagaactccaagttcccgtgcgacagcgacgagtacctgcccgtggtgttctcgccgccgcgggacggcaagctgctcacggagccggtgccgctggtcggccgctcgccggcaccgtcgtcggcgtccggggcgtcgtcgccgcccaagagctgcgccgcgagcgtcgacccactcgcgcaggagctcatgacagcgccgtcttcctccggcgacggcgcctcctccgcctcctcgtccaatgcccacgccgacgaggatgacgtccatggcgaaaccggtggtgaccgtggcgacgacgcggggctcgatctggagctacagcgcctaggctacactgactag</dnaseqindica>
External Link(s)	NCBI Gene:Os01g0907900, RefSeq:Os01g0907900