Os08g0424500

Os08g0424500 is reported as Badh2, encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH2) .

Annotated Information

Function

Figure1. 2AP Levels and Their Significant Differences among Nontransgenic Lines and Three Kinds of Transgenic Lines Carrying Different Badh2 CDS Driven by the CaMV35S Promoter.From(from reference ).

BADH2, encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH2) inhibits the synthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP), a potent flavor component in rice fragrance.In rice the nitrogen in the pyrroline ring of proline becomes the nitrogen in the pyrroline ring of 2AP while the carboxyl group of proline is removed and replaced with an acetyl group from another source found that in L. hilgardii the acetyl group of 2AP can be derived from fructose when either ethanol or acetaldehyde are supplied in excess. They further suggested D1pyrroline, a product of proline catabolism via putrescine oxidation, is the immediate precursor of the pyrroline ring of 2AP and the acetyl group was most likely formed from reaction with acetyl-CoA or acetaldehyde in either a chemical or enzymatic reaction. Additionally, detailed precursor studies have revealed that the formation of 2AP in Bacillus cerus proceeds via acetylation of D1pyrroline.

The intact BADH2 protein encoded by the complete Badh2 gene sequence was shown to influence this critical switch, possibly due to its strong AB-ald dehydrogenase activity. From its activity in vitro, we conclude that, in nonfragrant rice, the BADH2 enzyme converts AB-ald into GABA, inhibiting 2AP biosynthesis. In fragrant rice lacking intact BADH2, failure to convert AB-ald into GABA due to the absence of BADH2 enzymatic activity results in AB-ald accumulation, which activates 2AP biosynthesis. Interestingly, the low level of BADH2 detected in some transgenic lines overexpressing Badh2 might not completely inhibit the consumption of AB-ald, resulting in a small quantity of 2AP.

Protein Structure

BADH2 could be divided into three domains: a NAD binding domain (residues 9 to 124 and 152 to 262), an oligomerization domain (residues 129 to 151 and 480 to 486), and a substrate binding domain (residues 263 to 464).

Figure2. The Three-Dimensional Structure of BADH2 and the Annotated Active Sites.From(from reference ).

Expression

Figure3. Examination of the Badh2/badh2 Transcription Levels in Various Plant Tissues Using Real-Time RT-PCR.From(from reference ).

Figure4. Relative Abundance of different Badh2 Transcripts. From(from reference ).

Figure5. Indirect Subcellular Immunodetection of BADH2.From(from reference ).

In the nonfragrant rice cv Nanjing11, Badh2 transcripts were detected in all tissues tested except for the roots. The Badh2 transcript was more abundant in the initial fully expanded leaf than in other tissues (Figure 3). Interestingly, a similar transcription pattern with a lower transcription level was observed for the badh2-E7 allele in the fragrant rice cv Wuxiangjing (Figure 3). This indicates that sequence alterations specific to the badh2-E7 allele significantly reduce its transcription levels but cause only a slight change in its transcription pattern.

The major transcription start point was downstream of the predicted Badh2 start codon, resulting in very few complete Badh2 transcripts but abundant partial Badh2 transcripts. Transcription of the Badh2 gene was severely suppressed in fragrant rice varieties.

BADH2 is highly expressed during cell division. BADH2 is mainly in the cytoplasm and none of the BADH2 is observed to be localized in the nucleus.

Evolution

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Labs working on this gene

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Structured Information

Gene Name	Os08g0424500
Description	Similar to Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase
Version	NM_001068368.1 GI:115476473 GeneID:4345606
Length	6153 bp
Definition	Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os08g0424500, complete gene.
Source	Oryza sativa Japonica Group ORGANISM Oryza sativa Japonica Group Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
Chromosome	Chromosome 8
Location	Chromosome 8:20467829..20473981
Sequence Coding Region	20467975..20468083,20468183..20468325,20469378..20469458,20469554..20469702,20470400..20470492 ,20470624..20470747,20470832..20470897,20471088..20471154,20471847..20471923 ,20472279..20472392,20472793..20472870,20472952..20473103,20473207..20473267 ,20473539..20473645,20473744..20473834
Expression	GEO Profiles:Os08g0424500
Genome Context	<gbrowseImage1> name=NC_008401:20467829..20473981 source=RiceChromosome08 preset=GeneLocation </gbrowseImage1>
Gene Structure	<gbrowseImage2> name=NC_008401:20467829..20473981 source=RiceChromosome08 preset=GeneLocation </gbrowseImage2>
Coding Sequence	<cdnaseq>atggccacggcgatcccgcagcggcagctcttcgtcgccggcgagtggcgcgcccccgcgctcggccgccgcctccccgtcgtcaaccccgccaccgagtcccccatcggcgagatcccggcgggcacggcggaggacgtggacgcggcggtggcggcggcgcgggaggcgctgaagaggaaccggggccgcgactgggcgcgcgcgccgggcgccgtccgggccaagtacctccgcgcaatcgcggccaagataatcgagaggaaatctgagctggctagactagagacgcttgattgtgggaagcctcttgatgaagcagcatgggacatggacgatgttgctggatgctttgagtactttgcagatcttgcagaatccttggacaaaaggcaaaatgcacctgtctctcttccaatggaaaactttaaatgctatcttcggaaagagcctatcggtgtagttgggttgatcacaccttggaactatcctctcctgatggcaacatggaaggtagctcctgccctggctgctggctgtacagctgtactaaaaccatctgaattggcttccgtgacttgtttggagcttgctgatgtgtgtaaagaggttggtcttccttcaggtgtgctaaacatagtgactggattaggttctgaagccggtgctcctttgtcatcacaccctggtgtagacaaggttgcatttactgggagttatgaaactggtaaaaagattatggcttcagctgctcctatggttaagcctgtttcactggaacttggtggaaaaagtcctatagtggtgtttgatgatgttgatgttgaaaaagctgttgagtggactctctttggttgcttttggaccaatggccagatttgcagtgcaacatcgcgtcttattcttcataaaaaaatcgctaaagaatttcaagaaaggatggttgcatgggccaaaaatattaaggtgtcagatccacttgaagagggttgcaggcttgggcccgttgttagtgaaggacagtatgagaagattaagcaatttgtatctaccgccaaaagccaaggtgctaccattctgactggtggggttagacccaagcatctggagaaaggtttctatattgaacccacaatcattactgatgtcgatacatcaatgcaaatttggagggaagaagtttttggtccagtgctctgtgtgaaagaatttagcactgaagaagaagccattgaattggccaacgatactcattatggtctggctggtgctgtgctttccggtgaccgcgagcgatgccagagattaactgaggagatcgatgccggaattatctgggtgaactgctcgcaaccctgcttctgccaagctccatggggcgggaacaagcgcagcggctttggacgcgagctcggagaagggggcattgacaactacctaagcgtcaagcaagtgacggagtacgcctccgatgagccgtggggatggtacaaatccccttccaagctgtaa</cdnaseq>
Protein Sequence	<aaseq>MATAIPQRQLFVAGEWRAPALGRRLPVVNPATESPIGEIPAGTA EDVDAAVAAAREALKRNRGRDWARAPGAVRAKYLRAIAAKIIERKSELARLETLDCGK PLDEAAWDMDDVAGCFEYFADLAESLDKRQNAPVSLPMENFKCYLRKEPIGVVGLITP WNYPLLMATWKVAPALAAGCTAVLKPSELASVTCLELADVCKEVGLPSGVLNIVTGLG SEAGAPLSSHPGVDKVAFTGSYETGKKIMASAAPMVKPVSLELGGKSPIVVFDDVDVE KAVEWTLFGCFWTNGQICSATSRLILHKKIAKEFQERMVAWAKNIKVSDPLEEGCRLG PVVSEGQYEKIKQFVSTAKSQGATILTGGVRPKHLEKGFYIEPTIITDVDTSMQIWRE EVFGPVLCVKEFSTEEEAIELANDTHYGLAGAVLSGDRERCQRLTEEIDAGIIWVNCS QPCFCQAPWGGNKRSGFGRELGEGGIDNYLSVKQVTEYASDEPWGWYKSPSKL</aaseq>
Gene Sequence	<dnaseqindica>147..255#355..497#1550..1630#1726..1874#2572..2664#2796..2919#3004..3069#3260..3326#4019..4095#4451..4564#4965..5042#5124..5275#5379..5439#5711..5817#5916..6006#agaacagagcactccctctcccaccaccactccacacctgacaccacgcgggctgcctccatcgtcatcgatccatctccgtatctctcaccgaccccaaatcgcacagctccagctcctcctcgatccccgtcgcgatcggcgagatggccacggcgatcccgcagcggcagctcttcgtcgccggcgagtggcgcgcccccgcgctcggccgccgcctccccgtcgtcaaccccgccaccgagtcccccatcggtaccctcctcttcaccctctccaccctctgcttctgcctctgattagcctttttgttgttgttgttgttgctgctgttttttgcgtgtcggtgcgcaggcgagatcccggcgggcacggcggaggacgtggacgcggcggtggcggcggcgcgggaggcgctgaagaggaaccggggccgcgactgggcgcgcgcgccgggcgccgtccgggccaagtacctccgcgcaatcgcggccaaggtagggtggtgactacccccacccccccccccccccccaacgcgacccgcgtgcgtgtgttccgtacagggggaggagctccgcgtggctctccagtaggtttttgagccccaaatcgatcgatatgctctagttttaagtttgctgcttaaattcctcaagggtttagtttgcaaccaaatccttattttagcttcggtataagccccccatatgatgtgcgtgcgtcggcatcggaagtgcgtatcctctgttctggactaggaattggccataggttgatcgacagttcgagtattctgcttctgtttggaataagttggaagcatggctgattgtgtatctggatgctgtttttgtggtgattcgtttcaagctcttgttaattgatgggttcaagcggagagggtgcgcaacaacaagtgtatatggctcacggccatgggtgtgcacatttgattggtgcgcaacaacaagtgtatattgtttgtgtgcttcgttagttggcaggtcctagtcactaaatcactattggattggtactagttacttttgtgccttgacgatgggactggattactagccttttggttgcctttgtggtattccgttgttatgggcctgttgatggatggatccctttaatttctagtgccaaatgcatgctagatttctcacagtttttctcttcaggttatatttctcgtatttccttttcctaaaggattgctttttcatgtattttctggcatatataggttattattattattattctccagaacaagattacccatattatggatcactagtgtacacttttttggatgaaaaacctacttactgaaagtaaaacagtgaccagtgcacactttacttgaactgtcaaaccatcaattttctagcaaagcaggggatgctagccttccagtctaaatgacagtaaactactatacttttgtccgtaggtttggaaatatgctaatttctatcataaaaattttcatggcatatgcgagcattttatgatcaccttttccctttttcttcagataatcgagaggaaatctgagctggctagactagagacgcttgattgtgggaagcctcttgatgaagcagcatgggacatggtatgtggccagttatccactgtatgaatatgtagttgcctacacagcaatctttcctgaacatgaatcctgatgtatgatattccatttgtcaggacgatgttgctggatgctttgagtactttgcagatcttgcagaatccttggacaaaaggcaaaatgcacctgtctctcttccaatggaaaactttaaatgctatcttcggaaagagcctatcggtgtagttgggttgatcacaccttggtatttcacatttttctctcatcctgcgcttatatttatttatgacccaagcatggtactaaatagtactagtaacatgcatatactgaatgagtttacaactttacatgatttttttgaactatgaaagttgaagacatttgagattttattcctcttctcttgtgcaaacatattattgtctcacaaattgtacctagcagctactctctccgtttcatattataagtcgtttgacttttttcctagtcaaaatgtgttaagtttgaccaagtttatagaaaaatttagcaacatctaaaatatcaaagtcatgttttagtgttttttcaggctctcatgtaagcaattttgatgtgccctctcctttcttcttaatataatgatacacagctcttgtgtattcaaaggaaaatatatatatatataatgatacacacctctcctccgtgttaatgcagctcatttgttctgtcccggttcaaatatctatttttctcatatgttgtcagcatgattcacttaatttagtatatagaagatgccattatttatgtctggaatcttactgcagaagggaaaacaattgataacggaattgattgcattctaatttgttgtttctttgttatgttcttatcgacaattacaaatttgattctgagaatcatgttcgggatgtgtatttctactgcaggaactatcctctcctgatggcaacatggaaggtagctcctgccctggctgctggctgtacagctgtactaaaaccatctgaattggcttccgtgtaagtttaacatgttaacttgttaatgtcatacccatgctagttgcaatgacatttgattttaaaatgttgtggcatgtccatgctgcaagcaatgtaatttgaaatctctctctatcattaattaccaggacttgtttggagcttgctgatgtgtgtaaagaggttggtcttccttcaggtgtgctaaacatagtgactggattaggttctgaagccggtgctcctttgtcatcacaccctggtgtagacaaggtacagctattcctcctgtaatcatgtataccccatcaatggaaatgatattcctctcaatacatggtttatgttttctgttaggttgcatttactgggagttatgaaactggtaaaaagattatggcttcagctgctcctatggttaaggtttgtttccaaatttctgtggatattttttgttctctttctactaactctctattatcaattctcaatgttgtccttttcttttaactcctttactttttagaattgtgatcaagacactttgagcatcattctagtagccagttctatcctgtttcttacctttttatggttcgtcttttcttgacagcctgtttcactggaacttggtggaaaaagtcctatagtggtgtttgatgatgttgatgttgaaaaaggtacatgccacttgctatgattaactaattctgaagtgcgggactttgtaaagcacttaactgagctggatgctagacccccaaaagccctttttggtgtcttgggcttgttgcagaaatactggtcccagacgagcaggatgcaagaaaattaactacttttgccactgattagtatttcttagaagttacacctcaaggattagcaatactttcttaaaatgtgctattgattaaaaagatgtcctgtattattttgagcagatcttgtactggttgatcggcttgcatgaaaatattgttgaggattataatgccatgccaactgagtaaagaaaagagttgtaaaatatgttatgcaacatgaatatatatgtgatttcatttttcctttttcttttcgtggcaaggaaggcagttaggaaggactgatgtgaaaagcacaagtactattcttagttctggaaaactgtgttctttattttcctaactacaattcaccttgattagtcagtaacttgatattggcaattctagctgattatgaattctgtttatatttcactaattttgaatctttaattacattttatggttgaaatttaacgttttgtctggttatggactctgtttgtattcactcaatttggatcttccattagatttcattgttggtccttcttcttgtacagctgttgagtggactctctttggttgcttttggaccaatggccagatttgcagtgcaacatcgcgtcttattcttcatgtaagcattgaatatatccgtcaatcataatctattgttgtacttgattttttttctgatcaactcctgagttcagattattatatgatgccattactattgcacagagcgaataaaattgtatttatgcacagcatgtattttgagtaatatatgcattgcctattatttaatatatagattgtagcacttaattttgtgtccatgtctctatgatgtttattactttattattgccggcatgaagcaactttgaactctatgttgatcttgaactaaaattgaaattaattggcttattgctattaatgatatagctttcagcttcttgctcctgaccatgaaagttttgcagaaaaaaatcgctaaagaatttcaagaaaggatggttgcatgggccaaaaatattaaggtgtcagatccacttgaagagggttgcaggcttgggcccgttgttagtgaaggacaggtaccacatgtaaactttttctaaattcaaaaaagaaatgccactgatcaatggtaggtccttccaagccttattgctggattgttgcactgttttgtcaattttgtgtaatatagttctgaatgaattagtcggtgtatgctcttgctagttgctagtatgtggtacagggtcttcctactttgagcaaattcgtgttaaaatgcattgatgaaaaggccacctttccgtaggtttatcttgtcataatttaaaccccaataaaattttaattttttgttttgaccccatggcactttaatgaaatcacttagccatgagcttttgtatatattttcaaagcaccagaatgtttagatggtttgttggaaatcttacacatcctattgccttgtgtcagtatgagaagattaagcaatttgtatctaccgccaaaagccaaggtgctaccattctgactggtggggttagacccaaggtaataatctactacacggttgtatatataggtacccacatatcattatgaagtagaaataatcttgtatgtttttgtcagcatctggagaaaggtttctatattgaacccacaatcattactgatgtcgatacatcaatgcaaatttggagggaagaagtttttggtccagtgctctgtgtgaaagaatttagcactgaagaagaagccattgaattggccaacgatactcagtgagttttttttttaatacagttcattgtcctgttcaatcttgcagcatatgtatatactctgtggcatatgaacttattctgctactactacttttgatagttatggtctggctggtgctgtgctttccggtgaccgcgagcgatgccagagattaactgaggtatatccaagtgaagggggttggcattgtttgattcatatgacatggttgcatcaagctgatattcaagaatctcatttattacttgcattctatgcatctccagttcttccctggactccggtcaatgttaatatagtttgtttgctagtagtatgctactccaattaagttgctcttcacttccacatcatctgatccatgactttatatttgaccccttttttttgcaaaagaaagggaaatacttaacgaaaatttcctactgcaggagatcgatgccggaattatctgggtgaactgctcgcaaccctgcttctgccaagctccatggggcgggaacaagcgcagcggctttggacgcgagctcggagaagggtgggtagcacacaacaatctcactttaaaacaccatttcgatcgtctgatgatctcgacctgacatcatgcctttggtattttcattcacttttcaggggcattgacaactacctaagcgtcaagcaagtgacggagtacgcctccgatgagccgtggggatggtacaaatccccttccaagctgtaatgtaatatgcgcatacgcatgacacgcccatctgttctgatcgtttggaataagaggccatagtatgacgggatggactttgtgcatatcgatgtttgatttgccatgtgctgagcctggaaataaaaaaggttatagttggagact</dnaseqindica>
External Link(s)	NCBI Gene:Os08g0424500, RefSeq:Os08g0424500