Template talk:Mitochondrion

Function

ATP synthase consists of two distinct parts, a hydrophilic F1 part which contains the nucleotide-binding site and catalyzes ATP hydrolysis, and a hydrophobic F0 part which channels protons through the membrane. atp6 is a unit of F0 and coded by atp6 gene. Besides, the atp6 gene is encoded in mitochondrial genome, and has about 1000 base pairs. Most researches show atp6 gene is related to male sterility--Plants that fail to produce fertile pollen grains. The CMS phenotype has been related to a homologous recombination hotspot domain in the atp6 gene, with a conserved sequence of 7 base pair 5’-TTCCCTC-3’ which can induce the formation of chimeric gene in mitochondrial DNA. In rice, the [BO] type of CMS has been shown to be associated with an additional chimeric gene urfrmc which consists of the 5’ flanking noncoding region of atp6. Akagi et al. report that recombination events around some mitochondrial genes specially atp6, are involved in causing male sterility in Chinsurah BoroII type of CMS in rice. What’s more, the function of atp6 gene is probably related to several abiotic stresses from salts, drought, and cold. Zhang et al. find that over-expression of atp6 gene in rice increases the resistance to carbonate stress, and over-expression of atp6 gene in transgenic yeast and Arabidopsis plants increased the resistance to salts, drought, oxidative and cold stresses.