Gene Expression Nebulas
A data portal of transcriptomic profiles analyzed by a unified pipeline across multiple species

Gene Expression Nebulas

A data portal of transcriptome profiles across multiple species

PRJNA350512: Cell fixation and preservation for droplet-based single cell transcriptomics

Source: NCBI / GSE89164
Submission Date: Mar 02 2017
Release Date: May 03 2017
Update Date: May 15 2019

Summary: Background: Recent developments in droplet-based microfluidics allow the transcriptional profiling of thousands of individual cells, in a quantitative, highly parallel and cost-effective way. A critical, often limiting step is the preparation of cells in an unperturbed state, not compromised by stress or ageing. Another challenge are rare cells that need to be collected over several days, or samples prepared at different times or locations.Results: Here, we used chemical fixation to overcome these problems. Methanol fixation allowed us to stabilize and preserve dissociated cells for weeks. By using mixtures of fixed human and mouse cells, we showed that individual transcriptomes could be confidently assigned to one of the two species. Single-cell gene expression from live and fixed samples correlated well with bulk mRNA-seq data. We then applied methanol fixation to transcriptionally profile primary single cells from dissociated complex tissues. Low RNA content cells from Drosophila embryos, as well as mouse hindbrain and cerebellum cells sorted by FACS, were successfully analysed after fixation, storage and single-cell droplet RNA-seq. We were able to identify diverse cell populations, including neuronal subtypes. As an additional resource, we provide 'dropbead', an R package for exploratory data analysis, visualization and filtering of Drop-seq data.Conclusions: We expect that the availability of a simple cell fixation method will open up many new opportunities in diverse biological contexts to analyse transcriptional dynamics at single cell resolution.

Overall Design: Mixtures of human and mouse cells, either live or fixed, or fixed and stored for several weeks were used for droplet-based single cell mRNA transcriptome profiling. The methods were also successfully applied to primary cells isolated from Drosophila embryos and newborn mouse hindbrain/cerebellum.

Strategy:
Species:
Tissue:
Healthy Condition:
Cell Type:
Cell Line:
Development Stage:
Protocol
Growth Protocol: Egg lays occurred in 2 hour intervals after 3x 1 hour pre-lays; embryos were aged for 6 hours (D. melanogaster) at room temperature.; Cells were grown in DMEM (Invitrogen 61965-026) without antibiotics containing 10% fetal bovine serum, and confirmed to be mycoplasma-free (LookOut Mycoplasma PCR detection kit, Sigma Aldrich).
Treatment Protocol: fixation: 80% methanol/PBS; Cells were grown to 30 to 60% confluence, dissociated with 0.05% bovine trypsin-EDTA (Invitrogen 25300062), quenched with growth medium, and further processed as described previously (Macosko et al. 2015 Cell; Online-Dropseq-Protocol-v.3.1). condition: live; Cells were grown to 30 to 60% confluence, dissociated with 0.05% bovine trypsin-EDTA (Invitrogen 25300062), quenched with growth medium, and further processed as described previously (Macosko et al. 2015 Cell; Online-Dropseq-Protocol-v.3.1). condition: fixed; Cells were grown to 30 to 60% confluence, dissociated with 0.05% bovine trypsin-EDTA (Invitrogen 25300062), quenched with growth medium, and further processed as described previously (Macosko et al. 2015 Cell; Online-Dropseq-Protocol-v.3.1). condition: fixed, stored for 1 wk; Cells were grown to 30 to 60% confluence, dissociated with 0.05% bovine trypsin-EDTA (Invitrogen 25300062), quenched with growth medium, and further processed as described previously (Macosko et al. 2015 Cell; Online-Dropseq-Protocol-v.3.1). condition: fixed, stored for 3 wk
Extract Protocol: Methanol-fixation was adapted from Stöckius et al. 2009 (Nat. Methods). To avoid cell clumping, 8 volumes (800 µl) of methanol p. a. (pre-chilled to -20˚C) were added drop-wise, while gently mixing or vortexing the cell suspension.  Macosko et al. 2019 Ce; Methanol-fixation was adapted from Stöckius et al. 2009 (Nat. Methods). To avoid cell clumping, 8 volumes (800 µl) of methanol p. a. (pre-chilled to -20˚C) were added drop-wise, while gently mixing or vortexing the cell suspension.  Macosko et al. 2020 Ce; Methanol-fixation was adapted from Stöckius et al. 2009 (Nat. Methods). To avoid cell clumping, 8 volumes (800 µl) of methanol p. a. (pre-chilled to -20˚C) were added drop-wise, while gently mixing or vortexing the cell suspension.  Macosko et al. 2021 Ce; Methanol-fixation was adapted from Stöckius et al. 2009 (Nat. Methods). To avoid cell clumping, 8 volumes (800 µl) of methanol p. a. (pre-chilled to -20˚C) were added drop-wise, while gently mixing or vortexing the cell suspension.  Macosko et al. 2022 Ce; Methanol-fixation was adapted from Stöckius et al. 2009 (Nat. Methods). To avoid cell clumping, 8 volumes (800 µl) of methanol p. a. (pre-chilled to -20˚C) were added drop-wise, while gently mixing or vortexing the cell suspension.  Macosko et al. 2023 Ce; Methanol-fixation was adapted from Stöckius et al. 2009 (Nat. Methods). To avoid cell clumping, 8 volumes (800 µl) of methanol p. a. (pre-chilled to -20˚C) were added drop-wise, while gently mixing or vortexing the cell suspension.  Macosko et al. 2024 Ce; Methanol-fixation was adapted from Stöckius et al. 2009 (Nat. Methods). To avoid cell clumping, 8 volumes (800 µl) of methanol p. a. (pre-chilled to -20˚C) were added drop-wise, while gently mixing or vortexing the cell suspension.  Macosko et al. 2025 Ce; Methanol-fixation was adapted from Stöckius et al. 2009 (Nat. Methods). To avoid cell clumping, 8 volumes (800 µl) of methanol p. a. (pre-chilled to -20˚C) were added drop-wise, while gently mixing or vortexing the cell suspension.Macosko et al. 2015 Cell; Online-Dropseq-Protocol-v.3.1.; Methanol-fixation was adapted from Stöckius et al. 2009 (Nat. Methods). To avoid cell clumping, 8 volumes (800 µl) of methanol p. a. (pre-chilled to -20˚C) were added drop-wise, while gently mixing or vortexing the cell suspension.  Macosko et al. 2026 Ce; Methanol-fixation was adapted from Stöckius et al. 2009 (Nat. Methods). To avoid cell clumping, 8 volumes (800 µl) of methanol p. a. (pre-chilled to -20˚C) were added drop-wise, while gently mixing or vortexing the cell suspension.  Macosko et al. 2027 Ce
Library Construction Protocol: We evaluated and quantified 1 μl of the amplified cDNA libraries on a BioAnalyzer High Sensitivity Chip (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA). Then 600 pg of each cDNA library was fragmented and amplified (12 cycles) for sequencing with the Nextera XT v2 DNA Library Preparation kit (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA) using custom primers that amplified only the 3' ends [7]. Libraries were purified with a 0.6× volume of AMPure XP beads followed by a 0.6–1× volume of AMPure beads to completely remove primer dimers and achieve an average length of ~500–700 bp, quantified and sequenced (paired end) on Illumina NextSeq 500 sequencers (library concentration: 1.8 pM; 1% PhiX spike-in for run quality control; NextSeq 500/550 High Output v2 kit (75 cycles); read 1: 20 bp (bases 1–12 cell barcode, bases 13–20 UMI; custom primer 1 Read1CustSeqB), index read: 8 bp, read 2 (paired end): 64 bp).; -
Sequencing
Molecule Type: poly(A)+ RNA
Library Source:
Library Layout: PAIRED
Library Strand: Forward
Platform: ILLUMINA
Instrument Model: Illumina NextSeq 500; Illumina NextSeq 550
Strand-Specific: Specific
Samples
Basic Information:
Sample Characteristic:
Biological Condition:
Experimental Variables:
Protocol:
Sequencing:
Assessing Quality:
Analysis:
Data Resource GEN Sample ID GEN Dataset ID Project ID BioProject ID Sample ID Sample Name BioSample ID Sample Accession Experiment Accession Release Date Submission Date Update Date Species Race Ethnicity Age Age Unit Gender Source Name Tissue Cell Type Cell Subtype Cell Line Disease Disease State Development Stage Mutation Phenotype Case Detail Control Detail Growth Protocol Treatment Protocol Extract Protocol Library Construction Protocol Molecule Type Library Layout Strand-Specific Library Strand Spike-In Strategy Platform Instrument Model Cell Number Reads Number Gbases AvgSpotLen1 AvgSpotLen2 Uniq Mapping Rate Multiple Mapping Rate Coverage Rate
Publications
Cell fixation and preservation for droplet-based single-cell transcriptomics.
BMC biology . 2017-05-19 [PMID: 28526029]