Gene Expression
Nebulas
Gene Expression NebulasSummary: Comprehensive transcriptomic survey of the pig (Sus scrofa) may lead to a better understanding of mechanisms of tissue specialization that underlie economic traits of this species and accelerate its use as a biomedical model. Here, we characterized four distinct transcript types (lncRNAs, TUCPs, miRNAs and circRNAs) in 31 adult pig tissues and two cell lines, together with protein-coding genes. We dissected their distinct structural and transcriptional features and uncovered transcriptome variability as related to tissue physiology. We discovered extraordinary diversity among 47 anatomically distinct skeletal muscle types, as well as among six adipose depots, which are linked to their diverse origins, metabolic features, cell composition, physical activity and mitochondrial pathways. In particular, transcription of HOX genes across skeletal muscles exhibited a position-dominant pattern, revealing a similar developmental history of these tissues within the same body part. Transcriptional patterns across adipose depots demonstrated a metabolically protective role of subcutaneous adipose tissue and the association of visceral adipose tissue with metabolic dysfunction. Comparative analysis of the transcriptomes of seven tissues of the pig and nine other vertebrates revealed insights into evolutionary divergence of transcription that contributes to lineage-specific tissue biology. We also analyzed long-range regulation of promoters by their enhancers with downstream transcription in subcutaneous adipose tissues of six mammals, showing that evolutionary stability of transcription can mainly be attributed to multiple enhancers buffering gene expression patterns against genetic perturbations, thereby conferring robustness during speciation. Collectively, this study offers a resource for the accelerated use of the pig as a biomedical model for human biology and disease and uncovers molecular bases of its diverse economic traits.
Overall Design: We generated RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data of varies tissues across 9 species with 1-3 replicates for inter-species comparison.
| Strategy: |
|
| Species: |
|
| Tissue: |
|
| Development Stage: |
|
| Growth Protocol: | - |
| Treatment Protocol: | - |
| Extract Protocol: | Total RNA was extracted using the RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen). |
| Library Construction Protocol: | We used an rRNA depletion protocol (Ribo-Zero kit, Epicentre) coupled with the Illumina TruSeq stranded RNA-Seq library protocol to construct the RNA-Seq libraries. All libraries were quantified using the Qubit dsDNA High Sensitivity Assay Kit (Invitrogen) and sequenced on HiSeq X Ten (Illumina) platform to produce average ~ 49 million 150-bp paired-end raw reads and ~ 48 million high-quality reads for each library. |
| Molecule Type: | rRNA- RNA |
| Library Source: | |
| Library Layout: | PAIRED |
| Library Strand: | Forward |
| Platform: | ILLUMINA |
| Instrument Model: | Illumina HiSeq X Ten |
| Strand-Specific: | Specific |
| Data Resource | GEN Sample ID | GEN Dataset ID | Project ID | BioProject ID | Sample ID | Sample Name | BioSample ID | Sample Accession | Experiment Accession | Release Date | Submission Date | Update Date | Species | Race | Ethnicity | Age | Age Unit | Gender | Source Name | Tissue | Cell Type | Cell Subtype | Cell Line | Disease | Disease State | Development Stage | Mutation | Phenotype | Case Detail | Control Detail | Growth Protocol | Treatment Protocol | Extract Protocol | Library Construction Protocol | Molecule Type | Library Layout | Strand-Specific | Library Strand | Spike-In | Strategy | Platform | Instrument Model | Cell Number | Reads Number | Gbases | AvgSpotLen1 | AvgSpotLen2 | Uniq Mapping Rate | Multiple Mapping Rate | Coverage Rate |
|---|