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Equus caballus

Basic Information

Equus caballus
Accession: ICG00145
Latin Name: Equus caballus
Common Name: Horse
Taxonomy ID: 9796
Description: Equus caballus is a mammal of the Perissodactyla order and the Equiidae family. It was domesticated about 6000 years ago and used worldwide for draft, transport, sports, ceremonial exhibitions, research purposes, warfare, crowd control, food (meat, milk) and as source of a variety of products (leather) and medicines. In history, the possibility of horse riding increased transportation and combat ability, leading to the spread of Indo-European cultures and languages.

Gene Summary

MicroRNA

ICG00145-5
eca-miR-8908a-1-5p eca-miR-369-5p eca-miR-106a-5p

mRNA

ICG00145-4
HPRT SDHA
ICG00145-1
GAPDH SDHA HPRT RPL32
ICG00145-2
KRT8
ICG00145-3
ACTB B2M UBB TUBA1

Studies (5)

ICG00145-1

Biotic Stresses
Non-Cancer Disease Studies

Internal Control Genes

Gene Symbol Gene Model Application Scenario Accession Number Primers(5' - 3')
(Forward/Reverse)		 Size (bp) Annealing Temperature Detection
GAPDH Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase
Bal Cells Inflammatory
Airway
 AF083897
F: GGTGAAGGTCGGAGTAAACG
R: AATGAAGGGGTCATTGATGG
 106 64 SYBR
SDHA Succinate Dehydrogenase Complex
Bal Cells Inflammatory
Airway
 DQ402987
F: GAGGAATGGTCTGGAATACTG
R: GCCTCTGCTCCATAAATCG
 91 64 SYBR
HPRT Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase
Bal Cells Inflammatory
Airway
 AY372182
F: AATTATGGACAGGACTGAACGG
R: ATAATCCAGCAGGTCAGCAAAG
 121 64 SYBR
RPL32 Ribosomal Protein L32
Bal Cells Inflammatory
Airway
 CX594263
F: GGGAGCAATAAGAAAACGAAGC
R: CTTGGAGGAGACATTGTGAGC
 138 64 SYBR

Molecular Types:

mRNA

Evaluation Methods

geNorm
NormFinder

Contact

Name: Renaud Léguillette
Email: rleguill@ucalgary.ca
Institution: Departement of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada

Reference

Evaluation of suitable reference genes for gene expression studies in bronchoalveolar lavage cells from horses with inflammatory airway disease.
Beekman L, Tohver T, Dardari R, Léguillette R.
BMC molecular biology. 2011-01-28
Created with Highcharts 10.0.0AirwayBal Cells InflammatoryGAPDHSDHAHPRTRPL32genesreferenceBiotic StressesNon-Cancer Disease StudiesIADexpressionBALhorsesGeNormgenestabilitycorticosteroidscellsusedquantitativetreatedbronchoalveolarlavagestableB2MdeterminedsoftwaresnumbernormalizationrecommendedBackgroundThetremendouseffectresultsrelativequantificationpolymerasechainreactionEquineInflammatoryDiseasecommonconditionoftendiagnosisbasedclinicalsignsfluidcytologyaimstudyidentifymRNAirrespectivetreatment.ResultsThesevencandidateACTBUBBqRT-PCRsamplestakenpre-post-treatmentdexamethasonefluticasonepropionatetwoweeks7Primers'efficienciescalculatedusingLinRegPCRNormFinderqBasePlusrankaccordingalsodetermineidealbestcombinationfoundstablyexpressedthreerankedleastBasedpair-wisevariationcut-offvaluerequiredoptimalfourincludedRPL32.ConclusionThegeometricmeanaccuratePCRdataonecanEvaluationsuitablestudiesinflammatoryairwaydisease.

ICG00145-2

Genotypes
Tissues

Internal Control Genes

Gene Symbol Gene Model Application Scenario Accession Number Primers(5' - 3')
(Forward/Reverse)		 Size (bp) Annealing Temperature Detection
KRT8 Keratin
Milk Somatic Cell
Polish Konik
Polish Warmblood Horse
Polish Cold-Blooded Horse
 XM_005614767
F: ACCCAGGAGAAGGAGCAGA
R: GCTCCACTTGGTCTCCAGAA
 108 60 SYBR

Molecular Types:

mRNA

Evaluation Methods

geNorm
NormFinder

Contact

Name: Piotr Pawlak
Email: piotr.pawlak@up.poznan.pl
Institution: Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland

Reference

Screening for the Most Suitable Reference Genes for Gene Expression Studies in Equine Milk Somatic Cells.
Cieslak J, Mackowski M, Czyzak-Runowska G, Wojtowski J, Puppel K, Kuczynska B, Pawlak P.
PloS one. 2015-10-05
Created with Highcharts 10.0.0KRT8milkgenesMilk Somatic CellPolish KonikPolish Warmblood HorsePolish Cold-Blooded HorseGenotypesTissuessomaticgenereferencecellsPolishHorseRT-qPCRcellcompositionexpressionstudiesmare'sstudyutilityequinegeNormNormFinderalgorithmsresultsshowedexperimentsnormalizationTOP2BpointedcombinationApartwell-knownrolecountparameterreflectinginflammatorystatusmammaryglandisolatedconsideredvaluablematerialmammalsDueuniquerecentyearsincreasinginterestconsumptionobservedThusinvestigatinggeneticbackgroundhorse'svariabilitypresentsinterestingmodelRelying39samplescollectedmaresrepresentingthreebreedsPrimitiveCold-bloodedWarmbloodaimedinvestigatesourcemRNAscreenbestusingdespiterelativelylowcountsamountqualityextractedRNAsufficientanalysis7potentialrevealeddifferencesoutcomesappliedalthoughcasesstableAnalysis4ACTBGAPDHrequiredapropriatewhereasalgorithmRPS9suitabletrialrelativetranscriptabundancebeta-caseinusevarioustypesnumbersinternalcontrolconfirmedselectionpropercombinationscrucialfinalreal-timePCRexperimentScreeningSuitableReferenceGenesGeneExpressionStudiesEquineMilkSomaticCells.

ICG00145-3

Tissues
Cancer Studies

Internal Control Genes

Gene Symbol Gene Model Application Scenario Accession Number Primers(5' - 3')
(Forward/Reverse)		 Size (bp) Annealing Temperature Detection
ACTB Actin
Normal Skin
Sarcoids
 AF035774
F: CCAGCACGATGAAGATCAAG
R: GTGGACAATGAGGCCAGAAT
 88 59-61 SYBR
B2M Microglobulin
Normal Skin
Sarcoids
 X69083
F: GTTCCATCCGCCTGGAGATT
R: GGGGGTCTTTGAGAGTAGAGTG
 182 59-61 SYBR
UBB Ubiquitin
Normal Skin
Sarcoids
 AF506969
F: GCAAGACCATCACCCTGGA
R: CTAACAGCCACCCCTGAGAC
 206 59-61 SYBR
TUBA1 Tubulin
Normal Skin
Sarcoids
 AW260995
F: GCCCTACAACTCCATCCTGA
R: ATGGCTTCATTGTCCACCA
 78 59-61 SYBR

Molecular Types:

mRNA

Evaluation Methods

geNorm

Contact

Name: Ann Martens
Email: ann.martens@UGent.be
Institution: Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University - UGent, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium

Reference

Selection of a set of reliable reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR in normal equine skin and in equine sarcoids.
Bogaert L, Van Poucke M, De Baere C, Peelman L, Gasthuys F, Martens A.
BMC biotechnology. 2006-04-27
Created with Highcharts 10.0.0ACTBUBBNormal SkinSarcoidsB2MTUBA1equineskinnormalTissuesCancer StudiesreferenceaccurategenenormalisationgenessarcoidsquantitativePCRcantranscriptionreliablesetdifferentstudiesreal-timeexpressionlevelsdiseasestudyrespectivelyBackgroundReal-timepowerfultechniqueexaminepatternsbiologicalconditionsOnecriticalstepscomparingprofilespublishedhorsesoccurredoneusuallyGAPDHwithoutvalidationstabilitymightresultunreliableconclusionsdemonstratedcalled"housekeepinggenes"mayvaryconsiderablytissuescelltypesstagesparticularlyclinicalsamplesassociatedmalignantgoalestablishconcerningcommontumourhorses.ResultsInpresent6commonlyusedHPRT1RPL32determinedapplyinggeNormappletfoundstablesarcoids.ConclusionBasedresultsproposedpanelsdatacomparedusegeometricmeanrecommendedfactorSelectionsarcoids.

ICG00145-4

Tissues
Blood
During Strenuous Exercise

Internal Control Genes

Gene Symbol Gene Model Application Scenario Accession Number Primers(5' - 3')
(Forward/Reverse)		 Size (bp) Annealing Temperature Detection
HPRT Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (Pbmcs)
 AY372182
F: AATTATGGACAGGACTGAACGG
R: ATAATCCAGCAGGTCAGCAAAG
 121 58 SYBR
SDHA Succinate Dehydrogenase Complex
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (Pbmcs)
 DQ402987
F: GAGGAATGGTCTGGAATACTG
R: GCCTCTGCTCCATAAATCG
 91 58 SYBR

Molecular Types:

mRNA

Evaluation Methods

geNorm
NormFinder
BestKeeper

Contact

Name: Katia Cappelli
Email: katia.cappelli@unipg.it
Institution: Department of Pathology, Diagnostic and Veterinary Clinic, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy

Reference

Exercise induced stress in horses: selection of the most stable reference genes for quantitative RT-PCR normalization.
Cappelli K, Felicetti M, Capomaccio S, Spinsanti G, Silvestrelli M, Supplizi AV.
BMC molecular biology. 2008-05-19
Created with Highcharts 10.0.0HPRTSDHAPeripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (Pbmcs)genesTissuesBloodDuring Strenuous ExercisereferencestressqRT-PCRexpressionresponsestudiesquantitativehorsesexerciserankeddifferentdehydrogenaseselectioninducedstableBackgroundAdequatecriticalfactorathletehorses'trainingcentralcapacityobtainbetterperformancessafeguardinganimalwelfareorderinvestigatemolecularmechanismsunderlyingprocessseveralconductedtakeadvantagemicroarrayreal-timePCRtechnologiesanalysecandidateinvolvedcellularAppropriateapplicationhoweverrequiresusewhoselevelaffectedtestgeneralphysiologicalconditionsinter-individualvariability.ResultsTheninepotentialevaluatedlymphocytestenendurancestrenuoustestedaccordingstabilityusingthreemethodsimplementedgeNormNormFinderBestKeeperSuccinatecomplexsubunithypoxanthinephosphoribosyltransferasealwaystwostablyexpressedhandglyceraldehyde-3-phosphateGAPDHtransferrinreceptorTFRCribosomalproteinL32RPL32constantlyclassifiedlessreliablecontrols.ConclusionThisstudyunderlinesimportancecarefulresultsbasedalgorithmsanalyticalproceduresclearlyindicatepoolExercisehorses:RT-PCRnormalization.

ICG00145-5

Tissues
Developmental Stage

Internal Control Genes

Gene Symbol Gene Model Application Scenario Accession Number Primers(5' - 3')
(Forward/Reverse)		 Size (bp) Annealing Temperature Detection
eca-miR-8908a-1-5p MiRNA
Serum
Chorioallantoic Membrane
During Pregnancy.
 MI0028352
F: AGATCAGTGCCTGTCTAGG
R: AGATCAGTGCCTGTCTAGG
 - 55 SYBR
eca-miR-369-5p MiRNA
Serum
Chorioallantoic Membrane
During Pregnancy.
 MI0012886
F: CAGAGATCGACCGTGTCA
R: CAGAGATCGACCGTGTCA
 - 55 SYBR
eca-miR-106a-5p MiRNA
Serum
Chorioallantoic Membrane
During Pregnancy.
 MI0012942
F: ACAAAGTGCTTACAGTGCAG
R: ACAAAGTGCTTACAGTGCAG
 - 55 SYBR

Molecular Types:

MicroRNA

Evaluation Methods

geNorm
NormFinder
BestKeeper

Contact

Name: Barry A. Ball
Email: b.a.ball@uky.edu
Institution: Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA

Reference

Identification of Reference Genes for Analysis of microRNA Expression Patterns in Equine Chorioallantoic Membrane and Serum.
Dini P, Loux SC, Scoggin KE, Esteller-Vico A, Squires EL, Troedsson MHT, Daels P, Ball BA.
Molecular biotechnology. 2018-01-01
Created with Highcharts 10.0.0eca-miR-8908a-1-5peca-miR-369-5peca-miR-106a-5pSerumChorioallantoic MembraneDuring Pregnancy.miRNAsexpressionreferenceserumCAMmiRNATissuesDevelopmental StagegenesstablerankingequinepregnancypotentialmaresidentifiedNormFindergeNormevaluatingpatternsnormalizationpregnantidentifycandidatesevaluatedsamplestwousingusedBestKeeperthreeMicroRNAsimportantposttranscriptionalregulatoryabilitiesconsiderableinterestdifferentpathophysiologicalstatescommonmethodquantifyingquantitativereversetranscriptionPCR;howeveridentificationtissue-specificspecies-specificprerequisiteanalysisCurrentlydescribedchorioallantoicmembraneaimpresentstudycharacterizediestrousgeldingscollected4610 monthsimmediatelypostpartumpreviouslygeneratedsequencingdatasetseparatelistsprogramadditioncommonlysmallRNAnormalizers5SrRNAU6snRNAputativeselectedcasenonsignificantcorrelationresultsstabilityvalueprogramsalsoincludedconsistentlyeca-miR-21-5peca-let-7a-5peca-miR-10a-5pWithinaverageobtainedof NormFinderobservationsprovideinformationequine-specificcannormalizingIdentificationReferenceGenesAnalysismicroRNAExpressionPatternsEquineChorioallantoicMembraneSerum.