The detail information of Cardiomyopathy, dilated
OMIA Basic Information

Possible human homologues (MIM numbers):

Mendelian trait/disorder: no

Mode of inheritance: Multifactorial

Considered a defect: yes

Year key mutation first reported: -

Species-specific name: Dilated cardiomyopathy

Species-specific symbol: DCM

More detail information can see in

Associated Breeds
iDog Breed Number Breed Name Personality Height Weight History Breed Source
CB48 German Boxer 58.4-63.5 cm (male), 54.6-59.7 cm (female) 29.5-36.3 kg (male), females are about 6.8 kg less than male Germany
CB88 Doberman Pinscher 66-71.1 cm (male), 61-66 cm (female) 34-45.4 kg (male), 27.2-40.8 kg (female) Germany
CB134 Irish Wolfhound 81.3 cm minimum (male), 76.2 cm minimum (female) 54.4 kg (male), 47.6 kg (female) Ireland
Associated Gene
There are no associated genes.
References
Note: the references are listed in reverse chronological order (from the most recent year to the earliest year), and alphabetically by first author within a year.
2020 Bolfer,L.,Estrada,A.H.,Larkin,C.,Conlon,T.J.,Lourenco,F.,Taggart,K.,Suzuki-Hatano,S.,Pacak,C.A.: :
Functional consequences of PDK4 deficiency in Doberman Pinscher fibroblasts. Sci Rep 10:3930, 2020.
Pubmed reference: 32127618 . DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60879-6 .
2020 Freid,K.J.,Freeman,L.M.,Rush,J.E.,Cunningham,S.M.,Davis,M.S.,Karlin,E.T.,Yang,V.K.: :
Retrospective study of dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs. J Vet Intern Med :, 2020.
Pubmed reference: 33345431 . DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15972 .
2020 McCauley,S.R.,Clark,S.D.,Quest,B.W.,Streeter,R.M.,Oxford,E.M.: :
Review of canine dilated cardiomyopathy in the wake of diet-associated concerns. J Anim Sci 98:, 2020.
Pubmed reference: 32542359 . DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa155 .
2020 McCauley,S.R.,Clark,S.D.,Quest,B.W.,Streeter,R.M.,Oxford,E.M.: :
Corrigendum to: Review of canine dilated cardiomyopathy in the wake of diet-associated concerns. J Anim Sci 98:, 2020.
Pubmed reference: 32649741 . DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa209 .
2020 Pérez,J.M.,Alessi,C.,Grzech-Wojciechowska,M.: :
Diagnostic methods for the canine idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: A narrative evidence-based rapid review. Res Vet Sci 128:205-216, 2020.
Pubmed reference: 31821959 . DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.12.001 .
2019 Adin,D.,DeFrancesco,T.C.,Keene,B.,Tou,S.,Meurs,K.,Atkins,C.,Aona,B.,Kurtz,K.,Barron,L.,Saker,K.: :
Echocardiographic phenotype of canine dilated cardiomyopathy differs based on diet type. J Vet Cardiol 21:1-9, 2019.
Pubmed reference: 30797439 . DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2018.11.002 .
2019 Meurs,K.M.,Friedenberg,S.G.,Kolb,J.,Saripalli,C.,Tonino,P.,Woodruff,K.,Olby,N.J.,Keene,B.W.,Adin,D.B.,Yost,O.L.,DeFrancesco,T.C.,Lahmers,S.,Tou,S.,Shelton,G.D.,Granzier,H.: :
A missense variant in the titin gene in Doberman pinscher dogs with familial dilated cardiomyopathy and sudden cardiac death. Hum Genet :, 2019.
Pubmed reference: 30715562 . DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-01973-2 .
2019 Vollmar,C.,Vollmar,A.,Keene,B.W.,Fox,P.R.,Reese,S.,Kohn,B.: :
Dilated cardiomyopathy in 151 Irish Wolfhounds: Characteristic clinical findings, life expectancy and causes of death. Vet J 245:15-21, 2019.
Pubmed reference: 30819421 . DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.12.018 .
2018 Bilić,P.,Guillemin,N.,Kovačević,A.,BeerLjubić,B.,Jović,I.,Galan,A.,Eckersall,P.D.,Burchmore,R.,Mrljak,V.: :
Serum proteome profiling in canine idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy using TMT-based quantitative proteomics approach. J Proteomics :, 2018.
Pubmed reference: 29530679 . DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.03.007 .
2018 Dutton,E.,López-Alvarez,J.: :
An update on canine cardiomyopathies - is it all in the genes? J Small Anim Pract :, 2018.
Pubmed reference: 29665072 . DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12841 .
2017 Belanger,J.M.,Bellumori,T.P.,Bannasch,D.L.,Famula,T.R.,Oberbauer,A.M.: :
Correlation of neuter status and expression of heritable disorders. Canine Genet Epidemiol 4:6, 2017.
Pubmed reference: 28560045 . DOI: 10.1186/s40575-017-0044-6 .
2016 Harmon,M.W.,Leach,S.B.,Lamb,K.E.: :
Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Standard Schnauzers: Retrospective Study of 15 Cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc :, 2016.
Pubmed reference: 27841675 . DOI: 10.5326/JAAHA-MS-6506 .
2016 Janus,I.,Noszczyk-Nowak,A.,Nowak,M.,Ciaputa,R.,Kandefer-Gola,M.,Pasławska,U.: :
A comparison of the histopathologic pattern of the left atrium in canine dilated cardiomyopathy and chronic mitral valve disease. BMC Vet Res 12:3, 2016.
Pubmed reference: 26728624 . DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0626-z .
2016 ReynosoPalomar,A.R.,RodriguezBravo,M.,VillaMancera,A.E.,Mucha,C.J.: :
Expression and biochemical characteristics of two different aldosterone receptors in both healthy and dilated cardiomyopathy dog heart tissue. Vet Res Commun :, 2016.
Pubmed reference: 27891565 . DOI: 10.1007/s11259-016-9667-4 .
2016 Sosa,I.,Estrada,A.H.,Winter,B.D.,Erger,K.E.,Conlon,T.J.: :
In vitro evaluation of mitochondrial dysfunction and treatment with adeno-associated virus vector in fibroblasts from Doberman Pinschers with dilated cardiomyopathy and a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 mutation. Am J Vet Res 77:156-61, 2016.
Pubmed reference: 27027709 . DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.77.2.156 .
2016 Vollmar,A.C.,Aupperle,H.: :
Cardiac pathology in Irish wolfhounds with heart disease. J Vet Cardiol 18:57-70, 2016.
Pubmed reference: 26700743 . DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2015.10.001 .
2015 Oberbauer,A.M.,Belanger,J.M.,Bellumori,T.,Bannasch,D.L.,Famula,T.R.: :
Ten inherited disorders in purebred dogs by functional breed groupings. Canine Genet Epidemiol 2:9, 2015.
Pubmed reference: 26401337 . DOI: 10.1186/s40575-015-0021-x .
2013 Bellumori,T.P.,Famula,T.R.,Bannasch,D.L.,Belanger,J.M.,Oberbauer,A.M.: :
Prevalence of inherited disorders among mixed-breed and purebred dogs: 27,254 cases (1995-2010). J Am Vet Med Assoc 242:1549-55, 2013.
Pubmed reference: 23683021 . DOI: 10.2460/javma.242.11.1549 .
2013 Fonfara,S.,Hetzel,U.,Oyama,M.A.,Kipar,A.: :
The potential role of myocardial serotonin receptor 2B expression in canine dilated cardiomyopathy. Vet J :, 2013.
Pubmed reference: 24440442 . DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.12.003 .
2013 Meurs,K.M.,Stern,J.A.,Sisson,D.D.,Kittleson,M.D.,Cunningham,S.M.,Ames,M.K.,Atkins,C.E.,DeFrancesco,T.,Hodge,T.E.,Keene,B.W.,ReinaDoreste,Y.,Leuthy,M.,Motsinger-Reif,A.A.,Tou,S.P.: :
Association of dilated cardiomyopathy with the striatin mutation genotype in boxer dogs. J Vet Intern Med 27:1437-40, 2013.
Pubmed reference: 24033487 . DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12163 .
2013 Owczarek-Lipska,M.,Mausberg,T.B.,Stephenson,H.,Dukes-McEwan,J.,Wess,G.,Leeb,T.: :
A 16-bp deletion in the canine PDK4 gene is not associated with dilated cardiomyopathy in a European cohort of Doberman Pinschers. Anim Genet 44:239, 2013.
Pubmed reference: 22834541 . DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2012.02396.x .
2012 Meurs,K.M.,Lahmers,S.,Keene,B.W.,White,S.N.,Oyama,M.A.,Mauceli,E.,Lindblad-Toh,K.: :
A splice site mutation in a gene encoding for PDK4, a mitochondrial protein, is associated with the development of dilated cardiomyopathy in the Doberman pinscher. Hum Genet 131:1319-25, 2012.
Pubmed reference: 22447147 . DOI: 10.1007/s00439-012-1158-2 .
2012 Philipp,U.,Vollmar,A.,Häggström,J.,Thomas,A.,Distl,O.: :
Multiple Loci are associated with dilated cardiomyopathy in irish wolfhounds. PLoS One 7:e36691, 2012.
Pubmed reference: 22761652 . DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036691 .
2012 Stephenson,H.M.,Fonfara,S.,López-Alvarez,J.,Cripps,P.,Dukes-McEwan,J.: :
Screening for dilated cardiomyopathy in Great Danes in the United Kingdom. J Vet Intern Med 26:1140-7, 2012.
Pubmed reference: 22882627 . DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00987.x .
2011 Mausberg,T.B.,Wess,G.,Simak,J.,Keller,L.,Drögemüller,M.,Drögemüller,C.,Webster,M.T.,Stephenson,H.,Dukes-McEwan,J.,Leeb,T.: :
A locus on chromosome 5 is associated with dilated cardiomyopathy in Doberman Pinschers. PLoS One 6:e20042, 2011.
Pubmed reference: 21625443 . DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020042 .
2010 Martin,MW.,StaffordJohnson,MJ.,Strehlau,G.,King,JN.: :
Canine dilated cardiomyopathy: a retrospective study of prognostic findings in 367 clinical cases. J Small Anim Pract 51:428-36, 2010.
Pubmed reference: 20670254 . DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2010.00985.x .
2010 Sleeper,MM.,Bish,LT.,Sweeney,HL.: :
Status of therapeutic gene transfer to treat canine dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 40:717-24, 2010.
Pubmed reference: 20610021 . DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2010.03.005 .
2010 Wess,G.,Schulze,A.,Butz,V.,Simak,J.,Killich,M.,Keller,LJ.,Maeurer,J.,Hartmann,K.: :
Prevalence of dilated cardiomyopathy in Doberman Pinschers in various age groups. J Vet Intern Med 24:533-8, 2010.
Pubmed reference: 20202106 . DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0479.x .
2009 Martin,MW.,StaffordJohnson,MJ.,Celona,B.: :
Canine dilated cardiomyopathy: a retrospective study of signalment, presentation and clinical findings in 369 cases. J Small Anim Pract 50:23-9, 2009.
Pubmed reference: 19037887 . DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2008.00659.x .
2009 O'Grady,MR.,O'Sullivan,ML.,Minors,SL.,Horne,R.: :
Efficacy of benazepril hydrochloride to delay the progression of occult dilated cardiomyopathy in Doberman Pinschers. J Vet Intern Med 23:977-83, 2009.
Pubmed reference: 19572914 . DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0346.x .
2009 Oyama,MA.,Chittur,SV.,Reynolds,CA.: :
Decreased triadin and increased calstabin2 expression in Great Danes with dilated cardiomyopathy. J Vet Intern Med 23:1014-9, 2009.
Pubmed reference: 19674278 . DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0360.x .
2009 Sleeper,MM.,Bish,LT.,Sweeney,HL.: :
Gene therapy in large animal models of human cardiovascular genetic disease. ILAR J 50:199-205, 2009.
Pubmed reference: 19293462 .
2008 Meurs,KM.,Hendrix,KP.,Norgard,MM.: :
Molecular evaluation of five cardiac genes in Doberman Pinschers with dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Vet Res 69:1050-3, 2008.
Pubmed reference: 18672969 . DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.69.8.1050 .
2008 Werner,P.,Raducha,MG.,Prociuk,U.,Sleeper,MM.,VanWinkle,TJ.,Henthorn,PS.: :
A novel locus for dilated cardiomyopathy maps to canine chromosome 8. Genomics 91:517-521, 2008.
Pubmed reference: 18442891 . DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2008.03.007 .
2007 Distl,O.,Vollmar,AC.,Broschk,C.,Hamann,H.,Fox,PR.: :
Complex segregation analysis of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in Irish wolfhounds. Heredity 99:460-5, 2007.
Pubmed reference: 17611491 . DOI: 10.1038/sj.hdy.6801024 .
2007 Meurs,KM.,Fox,PR.,Norgard,M.,Spier,AW.,Lamb,A.,Koplitz,SL.,Baumwart,RD.: :
A prospective genetic evaluation of familial dilated cardiomyopathy in the Doberman pinscher. J Vet Intern Med 21:1016-20, 2007.
Pubmed reference: 17939558 .
2007 Philipp,U.,Broschk,C.,Vollmar,A.,Distl,O.: :
Evaluation of tafazzin as candidate for dilated cardiomyopathy in Irish wolfhounds. J Hered 98:506-9, 2007.
Pubmed reference: 17621587 . DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esm045 .
2007 Wiersma,AC.,Leegwater,PA.,vanOost,BA.,Ollier,WE.,Dukes-McEwan,J.: :
Canine candidate genes for dilated cardiomyopathy: annotation of and polymorphic markers for 14 genes. BMC Vet Res 3:28, 2007.
Pubmed reference: 17949487 . DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-3-28 .
2007 Wiersma,AC.,Stabej,P.,Leegwater,PA.,vanOost,BA.,Ollier,WE.,Dukes-McEwan,J.: :
Evaluation of 15 Candidate Genes for Dilated Cardiomyopathy in the Newfoundland Dog. J Hered 99:73-80, 2007.
Pubmed reference: 17998275 . DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esm090 .
2005 Alroy,J.,Rush,JE.,Sarkar,S.: :
Infantile dilated cardiomyopathy in Portuguese water dogs: correlation of the autosomal recessive trait with low plasma taurine at infancy. Amino Acids 28:51-6, 2005.
Pubmed reference: 15611846 . DOI: 10.1007/s00726-004-0149-6 .
2005 Broschk,C.,Distl,O.: :
[Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in dogs--pathological, clinical, diagnosis and genetic aspects] Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 112:380-5, 2005.
Pubmed reference: 16320572 .
2005 Nikolaidis,LA.,Mathier,MA.,Doverspike,A.,Hentosz,T.,Huerbin,R.,Stolarski,CJ.,Shannon,RP.: :
Coronary blood flow responses are impaired independent of NO and endothelial function in conscious dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy. J Card Fail 11:313-21, 2005.
Pubmed reference: 15880342 .
2005 Oyama,MA.,Chittur,S.: :
Genomic expression patterns of cardiac tissues from dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Vet Res 66:1140-55, 2005.
Pubmed reference: 16111151 .
2005 Stabej,P.,Leegwater,PA.,Imholz,S.,Versteeg,SA.,Zijlstra,C.,Stokhof,AA.,Domanjko-Petrie,A.,vanOost,BA.: :
The canine sarcoglycan delta gene: BAC clone contig assembly, chromosome assignment and interrogation as a candidate gene for dilated cardiomyopathy in Dobermann dogs. Cytogenet Genome Res 111:140-6, 2005.
Pubmed reference: 16103655 . DOI: 10.1159/000086383 .
2005 Stabej,P.,Leegwater,PA.,Stokhof,AA.,Domanjko-Petric,A.,vanOost,BA.: :
Evaluation of the phospholamban gene in purebred large-breed dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Vet Res 66:432-6, 2005.
Pubmed reference: 15822587 .
2005 Tidholm,A.,Jönsson,L.: :
Histologic characterization of canine dilated cardiomyopathy. Vet Pathol 42:1-8, 2005.
Pubmed reference: 15657266 . DOI: 10.1354/vp.42-1-1 .
2005 Weng,Q.,Murase,T.,Asano,M.,Tsubota,T.: :
Male Pseudohermaphroditism in a raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procynoides). J Vet Med Sci 67:603-5, 2005.
Pubmed reference: 15997188 .
2004 Chetboul,V.,Sampedrano,CC.,Testault,I.,Pouchelon,JL.: :
Use of tissue Doppler imaging to confirm the diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy in a dog with equivocal echocardiographic findings. J Am Vet Med Assoc 225:1877-80, 1864, 2004.
Pubmed reference: 15643837 .
2004 Stabej,P.,Imholz,S.,Versteeg,SA.,Zijlstra,C.,Stokhof,AA.,Domanjko-Petric,A.,Leegwater,PA.,vanOost,BA.: :
Characterization of the canine desmin (DES) gene and evaluation as a candidate gene for dilated cardiomyopathy in the Dobermann. Gene 340:241-9, 2004.
Pubmed reference: 15475165 . DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2004.06.050 .
2003 Shen,Y.T.,Lynch,J.J.,Hargreaves,R.J.,Gould,R.J.: :
A growth hormone secretagogue prevents ischemic-induced mortality independently of the growth hormone pathway in dogs with chronic dilated cardiomyopathy Journal of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics 306:815-20, 2003.
2002 Sleeper,M.M.,Henthorn,P.S.,Vijayasarathy,C.,Dambach,D.M.,Bowers,T.,Tijskens,P.,Armstrong,C.F.,Lankford,E.B.: :
Dilated cardiomyopathy in juvenile Portuguese Water Dogs Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 16:52-62, 2002.
Pubmed reference: 11822805 .
2001 Alroy,J.,Rush,J.E.: :
Response to letter to the editor by Sleeper et al. "Differing opinion regarding the etiology of juvenile cardiomyopathy in Portuguese water dogs" American Journal of Medical Genetics 104:264, 2001.
2001 Borgarelli,M.,Tarducci,A.,Tidholm,A.,Haggstrom,J.: :
Canine idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Part II: Pathophysiology and therapy Veterinary Journal 162:182-195, 2001.
2001 Calvert,C.A.,Wall,M.: :
Effect of severity of myocardial failure on heart rate variability in Doberman Pinschers with and without echocardiographic evidence of dilated cardiomyopathy Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 219:1084-1088, 2001.
Pubmed reference: 11700705 .
2001 Calvert,C.A.,Wall,T.M.: :
Correlations among time and frequency measures of heart rate variability recorded by use of a Holter monitor in overtly healthy Doberman Pinschers with and without echocardiographic evidence of dilated cardiomyopathy American Journal of Veterinary Research 62:1787-1792, 2001.
Pubmed reference: 11703025 .
2001 Cesselli,D.,Jakoniuk,I.,Barlucchi,L.,Beltrami,A.P.,Hintze,T.H.,Nadal-Ginard,B.,Kajstura,J.,Leri,A.,Anversa,P.: :
Oxidative stress-mediated cardiac cell death is a major determinant of ventricular dysfunction and failure in dog dilated cardiomyopathy Circulation Research 89:279-286, 2001.
Pubmed reference: 11485979 .
2001 Chugh,S.S.,Johnson,S.B.,Packer,D.L.: :
Amplified effects of d,l-sotalol in canine dilated cardiomyopathy Pace-Pacing & Clinical Electrophysiology 24:1783-1788, 2001.
2001 Elliot,J.,Marr,C.M.: :
Understanding the pathophysiology is the key to novel therapies for canine dilated cardiomyopathy Veterinary Journal 162:168-169, 2001.
2001 Meurs,K.M.,Magnon,A.L.,Spier,A.W.,Miller,M.W.,Lehmkuhl,L.B.,Towbin,J.A.: :
Evaluation of the cardiac actin gene in Doberman Pinschers with dilated cardiomyopathy American Journal of Veterinary Research 62:33-36, 2001.
Pubmed reference: 11197556 .
2001 Meurs,K.M.,Miller,M.W.,Wright,N.A.: :
Clinical features of dilated cardiomyopathy in Great Danes and results of a pedigree analysis: 17 cases (1990-2000) Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 218:729-732, 2001.
Pubmed reference: 11280406 .
2001 Morales,M.,Ynaraja,E.,Montoya,J.A.: :
Dilated cardiomyopathy in Presa canario dogs: ECG findings Zentralblatt fur Veterinarmedizin - Reihe A 48:577-580, 2001.
2001 Spier,A.W.,Meurs,K.M.,Coovert,D.D.,Lehmkuhl,L.B.,O'Grady,M.R.,Freeman,L.M.,Burghes,A.H.,Towbin,J.A.: :
Use of western immunoblot for evaluation of myocardial dystrophin, alpha-sarcoglycan, and beta-dystroglycan in dogs with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy American Journal of Veterinary Research 62:67-71, 2001.
Pubmed reference: 11197563 .
2001 Tidholm,A.,Haggstrom,J.,Borgarelli,M.,Tarducci,A.: :
Canine idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Part I: Aetiology, clinical characteristics, epidemiology and pathology Veterinary Journal 162:92-107, 2001.
2001 Tidholm,A.,Haggstrom,J.,Hansson,K.: :
Effects of dilated cardiomyopathy on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, atrial natriuretic peptide activity, and thyroid hormone concentrations in dogs American Journal of Veterinary Research 62:961-967, 2001.
Pubmed reference: 11400857 .
2000 Alroy,J.,Rush,J.E.,Freeman,L.,Kumar,M.S.A.,Karuri,A.,Chase,K.,Sarkar,S.: :
Inherited infantile dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs: Genetic, clinical, biochemical, and morphologic findings American Journal of Medical Genetics 95:57-66, 2000.
Pubmed reference: 11074496 .
2000 Calvert,C.A.,Jacobs,G.J.: :
Heart rate variability in Doberman Pinschers with and without echocardiographic evidence of dilated cardiomyopathy American Journal of Veterinary Research 61:506-511, 2000.
Pubmed reference: 10803644 .
2000 Gilbert,S.J.,Wotton,P.R.,Bailey,A.J.,Sims,T.J.,Duance,V.C.: :
Alterations in the organisation, ultrastructure and biochemistry of the myocardial collagen matrix in Doberman pinschers with dilated cardiomyopathy Research in Veterinary Science 69:267-274, 2000.
Pubmed reference: 11124099 . DOI: 10.1053/rvsc.2000.0423 .
1999 Borgarelli,M.,Badino,P.,Bergamasco,L.,Bussadori,C.,Odore,R.,Re,G.,Tarducci,A.,Dotta,U.: :
Lymphocyte beta-adrenoceptor downregulation in great danes with occult dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and with DCM and heart failure Veterinary Journal 158:128-134, 1999.
1999 Brownlie,S.E.,Cobb,M.A.: :
Observations on the development of congestive heart failure in Irish wolfhounds with dilated cardiomyopathy Journal of Small Animal Practice 40:371-377, 1999.
Pubmed reference: 10476524 .
1999 Dambach,D.M.,Lannon,A.,Sleeper,M.M.,Buchanan,J.: :
Familial dilated cardiomyopathy of young Portuguese Water Dogs Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 13:65-71, 1999.
Pubmed reference: 10052066 .
1999 Everett,R.M.,McGann,J.,Wimberly,H.C.,Althoff,J.: :
Dilated cardiomyopathy of Doberman Pinschers: Retrospective histomorphologic evaluation of heart from 32 cases Veterinary Pathology 36:221-227, 1999.
Pubmed reference: 10332830 .
1999 Freeman,L.M.,Brown,D.J.,Rush,J.E.: :
Assessment of degree of oxidative stress and antioxidant concentrations in dogs with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 215:644-646, 1999.
Pubmed reference: 10476709 .
1999 Power,J.M.,Raman,J.,Dornom,A.,Farish,S.J.,Burrell,L.M.,Tonkin,A.M.,Buxton,B.,Alferness,C.A.: :
Passive ventricular constraint amends the course of heart failure: a study in an ovine model of dilated cardiomyopathy Cardiovascular Research 44:549-555, 1999.
Pubmed reference: 10690287 .
1999 Re,G.,Bergamasco,L.,Badino,P.,Borgarelli,M.,Odore,R.,Tarducci,A.,Zanatta,R.,Girardi,C.: :
Canine dilated cardiomyopathy: Lymphocyte and cardiac alpha(1)- and beta-adrenoceptor concentrations in normal and affected great danes Veterinary Journal 158:120-127, 1999.
1999 Schatzberg,S.,Olby,N.,Steingold,S.,Keene,B.,Atkins,C.,Meurs,K.,Solomon,G.,Goedegebuure,S.A.,Wilton,S.,Sharp,N.: :
A polymerase chain reaction screening strategy for the promoter of the canine dystrophin gene American Journal of Veterinary Research 60:1040-1046, 1999.
Pubmed reference: 10490068 .
1999 Shahrara,S.,Tidholm,A.,Drvota,V.,Haggstom,J.,Sylven,C.: :
Upregulation of thyroid hormone receptor beta(1) and beta(2) messenger RNA in the myocardium of dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy or chronic valvular disease American Journal of Veterinary Research 60:848-852, 1999.
Pubmed reference: 10407478 .
1999 Vollmar,A.C.: :
Use of echocardiography in the diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy in Irish wolfhounds Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 35:279-283, 1999.
Pubmed reference: 10416770 .
1998 Gut,M.,Glaus,T.M.,Suter,P.F.: :
What is your diagnosis - veterinary diagnostic exercise - atrial fibrillation and dilated cardiomyopathy in a 9-year-old boxer [German] Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde 140:337-340, 1998.
Pubmed reference: 9719733 .
1998 Pagel,P.S.,Hettrick,D.A.,Kersten,J.R.,Lowe,D.,Warltier,D.C.: :
Cardiovascular effects of propofol in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy Anesthesiology 88:180-189, 1998.
Pubmed reference: 9447871 .
1998 Pagel,P.S.,Hettrick,D.A.,Kersten,J.R.,Tessmer,J.P.,Lowe,D.,Warltier,D.C.: :
Etomidate adversely alters determinants of left ventricular afterload in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy Anesthesia & Analgesia 86:932-938, 1998.
Pubmed reference: 9585271 .
1998 Tidholm,A.,Haggstrom,J.,Jonsson,L.: :
Prevalence of attenuated wavy fibers in myocardium of dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 212:1732-1734, 1998.
Pubmed reference: 9621879 .
1997 Gavaghan,B.J.,Kittleson,M.D.: :
Dilated cardiomyopathy in an American Cocker Spaniel with taurine deficiency Australian Veterinary Journal 75:862-868, 1997.
Pubmed reference: 9469219 .
1997 Gilbert,S.J.,Wotton,P.R.,Tarlton,J.F.,Duance,V.C.,Bailey,A.J.: :
Increased expression of promatrix METALLOPROTEINASE-9 and neutrophil elastase in canine dilated cardiomyopathy Cardiovascular Research 34:377-383, 1997.
Pubmed reference: 9205552 .
1997 Hettrick,D.A.,Pagel,P.S.,Kersten,J.R.,Lowe,D.,Warltier,D.C.: :
The effects of isoflurane and halothane on left ventricular afterload in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy Anesthesia & Analgesia 85:979-986, 1997.
Pubmed reference: 9356087 .
1997 Kittleson,M.D.,Keene,B.,Pion,P.D.,Loyer,C.G.,Beardow,A.W.,Knight,D.H.,Bonagura,J.D.,Burgener,D.C.,Delellis,L.A.,Goullaud,R.,Kramer,G.A.,Loyer,C.,Miller,M.,Ogburn,P.,Ware,W.A.: :
Results of the multicenter spaniel trial (must) - taurine- and carnitine-responsive dilated cardiomyopathy in american cocker spaniels with decreased plasma taurine concentration Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 11:204-211, 1997.
Pubmed reference: 9298474 .
1997 Obrien,P.J.: :
Deficiencies of myocardial troponin-t and creatine kinase mb isoenzyme in dogs with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy American Journal of Veterinary Research 58:11-16, 1997.
Pubmed reference: 8989489 .
1997 Tidholm,A.,Jonsson,L.: :
A retrospective study of canine dilated cardiomyopathy (189 cases) Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 33:544-550, 1997.
Pubmed reference: 9358426 .
1997 Tidholm,A.,Svensson,H.,Sylven,C.: :
Survival and prognostic factors in 189 dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 33:364-368, 1997.
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1996 Koch,J.,Pedersen,H.D.,Jensen,A.L.,Flagstad,A.: :
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1994 Costa,ND.,Labuc,RH.: :
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1992 McCutcheon,L.J.,Cory,C.R.,Nowack,L.,Shen,H.,Mirsalami,M.,Lahucky,R.,Kovac,L.,O'Grady,M.,Horne,R.,Obrien,P.J.: :
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1991 Keene,B.W.,Panciera,D.P.,Atkins,C.E.,Regitz,V.,Schmidt,M.J.,Shug,A.L.: :
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