The detail information of Coat colour, merle
OMIA Basic Information

Possible human homologues (MIM numbers): -

Mendelian trait/disorder: yes

Mode of inheritance: Autosomal Incompletely Dominant

Considered a defect: yes

Year key mutation first reported: 2006

Species-specific name: This is the classic M (Merle) locus (Little, 1957)

Species-specific symbol: M locus

More detail information can see in

Associated Breeds
iDog Breed Number Breed Name Personality Height Weight History Breed Source
CB216 Shetland Shepherd Dog 33-40.6 cm 6.8-11.3 kg United Kingdom (Scotland)
Associated Gene
Symbol Description Species Position Other Links
PMEL premelanosome protein Canis lupus familiaris Chr10 : 334246 - 299404 Homologene, Ensembl, NCBI gene
References
Note: the references are listed in reverse chronological order (from the most recent year to the earliest year), and alphabetically by first author within a year.
2020 Varga,L.,Lénárt,X.,Zenke,P.,Orbán,L.,Hudák,P.,Ninausz,N.,Pelles,Z.,Szőke,A.: :
Being Merle: The Molecular Genetic Background of the Canine Merle Mutation. Genes (Basel) 11:, 2020.
Pubmed reference: 32560567 . DOI: 10.3390/genes11060660 .
2019 Pelles,Z.,Gáspárdy,A.,Zöldág,L.,Lénárt,X.,Ninausz,N.,Varga,L.,Zenke,P.: :
Merle allele variations in the Mudi dog breed and their effects on phenotypes. Acta Vet Hung 67:159-173, 2019.
Pubmed reference: 31238727 . DOI: 10.1556/004.2019.018 .
2018 Ballif,B.C.,Ramirez,C.J.,Carl,C.R.,Sundin,K.,Krug,M.,Zahand,A.,Shaffer,L.G.,Flores-Smith,H.: :
The PMEL Gene and Merle in the Domestic Dog: A Continuum of Insertion Lengths Leads to a Spectrum of Coat Color Variations in Australian Shepherds and Related Breeds. Cytogenet Genome Res :, 2018.
Pubmed reference: 30071510 . DOI: 10.1159/000491408 .
2018 Langevin,M.: :
Merle - SINE Insertion from Mc Mh; The Incredible Story of Merle Privately published https://www.merle-sine-insertion-from-mc-mh.com/order/ :, 2018.
2018 Langevin,M.,Synkova,H.,Jancuskova,T.,Pekova,S.: :
Merle phenotypes in dogs - SILV SINE insertions from Mc to Mh. PLoS One 13:e0198536, 2018.
Pubmed reference: 30235206 . DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198536 .
2018 Murphy,S.C.,Evans,J.M.,Tsai,K.L.,Clark,L.A.: :
PMEL: correlating genotype with phenotype. Mob DNA 9:26, 2018.
Pubmed reference: 30123327 . DOI: 10.1186/s13100-018-0131-6 .
2016 Mizukami,K.,Yabuki,A.,Kohyama,M.,Kushida,K.,Rahman,M.M.,Uddin,M.M.,Sawa,M.,Yamato,O.: :
Molecular prevalence of multiple genetic disorders in Border collies in Japan and recommendations for genetic counselling. Vet J 214:21-3, 2016.
Pubmed reference: 27387721 . DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.05.004 .
2011 Imamoto,S.,Watanabe,M.,Iba,M.,Imamoto,M.,Umeyama,K.: :
A mixed-breed dog showing the same gene modification as in a Miniature Dachshund Journal of Animal Clinical Medicine 20:1-5, 2011.
DOI: 10.11252/dobutsurinshoigaku.20.1 .
2010 Imamoto,S.,Imamoto,M.,Watanabe,M.,Umeyama,K.: :
Study on the effect SINE insertion to an SILV (Pmel17) gene on the fundi of longhaired miniature dachshunds Journal of Veterinary Medicine (Japan) 63:385-390, 2010.
2009 Strain,GM.,Clark,LA.,Wahl,JM.,Turner,AE.,Murphy,KE.: :
Prevalence of deafness in dogs heterozygous or homozygous for the merle allele. J Vet Intern Med 23:282-6, 2009.
Pubmed reference: 19192156 . DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2008.0257.x .
2006 Clark,LA.,Wahl,JM.,Rees,CA.,Murphy,KE.: :
From The Cover: Retrotransposon insertion in SILV is responsible for merle patterning of the domestic dog. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:1376-81, 2006.
Pubmed reference: 16407134 . DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0506940103 .
2006 Hedan,B.,Corre,S.,Hitte,C.,Dreano,S.,Vilboux,T.,Derrien,T.,Denis,B.,Galibert,F.,Galibert,MD.,Andre,C.: :
Coat colour in dogs: identification of the merle locus in the Australian shepherd breed. BMC Vet Res 2:9, 2006.
Pubmed reference: 16504149 . DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-2-9 .
2006 Platt,S.,Freeman,J.,diStefani,A.,Wieczorek,L.,Henley,W.: :
Prevalence of unilateral and bilateral deafness in border collies and association with phenotype. J Vet Intern Med 20:1355-62, 2006.
Pubmed reference: 17186850 .
2003 Schmutz,SM.,Berryere,TG.,Sharp,CA.: :
KITLG maps to canine chromosome 15 and is excluded as a candidate gene for merle in dogs. Anim Genet 34:75-6, 2003.
Pubmed reference: 12580795 .
1988 Herrman,A.,Wegner,W.: :
[Eye lesions in aging merle Dachshunds with particular reference to iris atrophy] Praktische Tierarzt 69:33-36, 1988.
1986 Klinckmann,G.,Koniszewski,G.,Wegner,W.: :
Light-microscope investigations on the retinae of dogs carrying the Merle factor Journal of Veterinary Medicine. Series A 33:674-788, 1986.
Pubmed reference: 3099512 .
1985 Sponenberg,D.P.: :
Inheritance of the harlequin color in Great Dane dogs Journal of Heredity 76:224-225, 1985.
Pubmed reference: 3998446 .
1985 Sponenberg,D.P.,Lamoreaux,M.L.: :
Inheritance of tweed, a modification of merle, in Australian shepherd dogs Journal of Heredity 76:303-304, 1985.
Pubmed reference: 4031467 .
1984 Sponenberg,D.P.: :
Germline reversion of the merle allele in Australian shepherd dogs Journal of Heredity 75:78 only, 1984.
Pubmed reference: 6323572 .
1983 Akcan,A.,Wegner,W.: :
[Changes in the visual pathways and visual centers in Merle syndrome in the dog]. Z Versuchstierkd 25:91-9, 1983.
Pubmed reference: 6410614 .
1982 WhitneyIII,J.B.,Lamoreux,M.L.: :
Transposable elements controlling genetic instabilities in mammals. Journal of Heredity 73:12-18, 1982.
1980 Flach,M.,Dausch,D.,Wegner,W.: :
[Fluorescence angiography in the dachshund. Further findings in Merle syndrome of the dog]. Tierarztl Prax 8:375-83, 1980.
Pubmed reference: 6817463 .
1980 Wegner,W.,Akcan,A.: :
[Effects of Merle factor on the optic area in the dog]. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 87:342, 1980.
Pubmed reference: 7006993 .
1978 Dausch,D.,Wegner,W.,Michaelis,W.,Reetz,I.: :
[Eye changes in the merle syndrome in the dog (author's transl)]. Albrecht Von Graefes Arch Klin Exp Ophthalmol 206:135-50, 1978.
Pubmed reference: 418699 .
1977 Dausch,D.,Wegner,W.,Michaelis,M.,Reetz,I.: :
[Ophthalmological findings in Merle dachshunds]. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 84:468-75, 1977.
Pubmed reference: 340189 .
1977 Reetz,I.,Stecker,M.,Wegner,W.: :
Audiometric findings in Dachshunds (merle gene carriers) Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift 84:273-277, 1977.
Pubmed reference: 330141 .
1957 Little,C.C.: :
The Inheritance of Coat Color in Dogs Comstock Publishing Associates, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY :, 1957.
1954 Sorsby,A.,Davey,J.B.: :
Ocular associations of dappling (or merling) in the coat colour of dogs. I. Clinical and genetical data Journal of Genetics 52:425-440, 1954.
1953 Ford,L.: :
Defective Collie dogs with heterozygous merling Journal of Canine Genetics :24-28, 1953.
1935 Mitchell,A.L.: :
Dominant dilution and other colour factors in Collie dogs Journal of Heredity 26:424-430, 1935.