- J Symonds: University of Birmingham.
infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria are an important and common cause of morbidity and mortality. Staphylococci and streptococci are the most frequent infecting organisms in skin and soft tissue infections, pneumonia, bone and joint infections, and endocarditis. Anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria such as Clostridia spp. cause infections that can rapidly produce tissue necrosis and death. The cephalosporins are indicated for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria in certain circumstances. These include selected patients with endocarditis, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis and cellulitis. They are also used as alternatives to the penicillins in penicillin-allergic patients and for 'mixed' infections caused by Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. This article discusses the indications for the cephalosporin group of antibiotics in patients suffering from infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria.