OpenLB
Open Library of Bioscience
Advanced Search
Clinical microbiology reviews
Apr, 2010;23 (2): 412-41.

A global perspective on hantavirus ecology, epidemiology, and disease.

Colleen B Jonsson, Luiz Tadeu Moraes Figueiredo, Olli Vapalahti
Author Information
  1. Colleen B Jonsson: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, 950 N. Hurstbourne Parkway, Louisville, KY 40222, USA. cbjons01@louisville.edu
PMID: 20375360 DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00062-09

Abstract

Hantaviruses are enzootic viruses that maintain persistent infections in their rodent hosts without apparent disease symptoms. The spillover of these viruses to humans can lead to one of two serious illnesses, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. In recent years, there has been an improved understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and natural history of these viruses following an increase in the number of outbreaks in the Americas. In this review, current concepts regarding the ecology of and disease associated with these serious human pathogens are presented. Priorities for future research suggest an integration of the ecology and evolution of these and other host-virus ecosystems through modeling and hypothesis-driven research with the risk of emergence, host switching/spillover, and disease transmission to humans.

References

  1. Clin Infect Dis. 1999 Apr;28(4):860-5 [PMID: 10825051]
  2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Jan 13;339(2):611-7 [PMID: 16310165]
  3. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009 Jul;15(7):1032-9 [PMID: 19624917]
  4. J Infect Dis. 1985 Jul;152(1):137-44 [PMID: 2861242]
  5. Clin Infect Dis. 2002 May 1;34(9):1224-31 [PMID: 11941549]
  6. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2007 Feb;14(2):173-81 [PMID: 17182762]
  7. Clin Infect Dis. 1995 Sep;21(3):643-9 [PMID: 8527558]
  8. Emerg Infect Dis. 1997 Jul-Sep;3(3):361-5 [PMID: 9284382]
  9. Arch Virol. 2002 Oct;147(10):1913-31 [PMID: 12376753]
  10. J Clin Microbiol. 1997 Mar;35(3):600-8 [PMID: 9041397]
  11. Clin Infect Dis. 1999 Apr;28(4):834-9 [PMID: 10825047]
  12. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Oct 21;105(42):16296-301 [PMID: 18854415]
  13. Sci Am. 1993 Jul;269(1):42-9 [PMID: 8337597]
  14. Rev Infect Dis. 1989 May-Jun;11 Suppl 4:S864-76 [PMID: 2568676]
  15. Virus Res. 1995 Oct;38(2-3):111-24 [PMID: 8578853]
  16. MMWR Recomm Rep. 1993 Jul 30;42(RR-11):1-13 [PMID: 8413156]
  17. Ann Clin Res. 1971;3:1-54 [PMID: 5149038]
  18. J Med Virol. 1992 Oct;38(2):132-7 [PMID: 1360999]
  19. J Clin Microbiol. 2007 Aug;45(8):2491-7 [PMID: 17537944]
  20. Proc Biol Sci. 2006 Nov 7;273(1602):2771-6 [PMID: 17015326]
  21. Acta Virol. 2009;53(2):121-4 [PMID: 19537913]
  22. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999 Jan-Feb;5(1):102-12 [PMID: 10081677]
  23. J Infect Dis. 1993 Sep;168(3):750-3 [PMID: 8102632]
  24. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2001;256:117-34 [PMID: 11217400]
  25. J Immunol. 2005 May 15;174(10):5950-8 [PMID: 15879087]
  26. Nature. 1997 Mar 27;386(6623):320 [PMID: 9121542]
  27. Am J Pathol. 1995 Mar;146(3):552-79 [PMID: 7887439]
  28. J Virol. 1977 Mar;21(3):1085-93 [PMID: 850304]
  29. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1981 Mar;30(2):477-82 [PMID: 6786119]
  30. Emerg Infect Dis. 2000 Nov-Dec;6(6):616-21 [PMID: 11076720]
  31. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009 Dec;15(12):1977-80 [PMID: 19961679]
  32. Arch Virol. 2002 Apr;147(4):665-82 [PMID: 12038679]
  33. Nord Vet Med. 1977 Sep;29(9):406-12 [PMID: 20600]
  34. J Med Virol. 1995 Aug;46(4):293-303 [PMID: 7595404]
  35. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003 Jul;9(7):891-2 [PMID: 12899143]
  36. Zoonoses Public Health. 2009 Aug;56(6-7):297-309 [PMID: 19486318]
  37. Nature. 2008 Feb 21;451(7181):990-3 [PMID: 18288193]
  38. J Infect Dis. 2000 Jul;182(1):43-8 [PMID: 10882580]
  39. J Virol. 2003 Sep;77(18):9894-905 [PMID: 12941899]
  40. Clin Infect Dis. 1996 May;22(5):841-4 [PMID: 8722943]
  41. Infection. 1992 Sep-Oct;20(5):263-6 [PMID: 1358824]
  42. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006 Jan;12(1):166-8 [PMID: 16494739]
  43. Math Biosci Eng. 2010 Jan;7(1):195-211 [PMID: 20462286]
  44. Virology. 1994 Jan;198(1):196-204 [PMID: 8259655]
  45. Nephron Clin Pract. 2009;112(2):c115-20 [PMID: 19390211]
  46. Circulation. 2005 Mar 1;111(8):996-1005 [PMID: 15710765]
  47. J Med Microbiol. 2000 Feb;49(2):149-155 [PMID: 10670565]
  48. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003 Jul;9(7):846-52 [PMID: 12890326]
  49. Virol J. 2006 Sep 05;3:72 [PMID: 16953877]
  50. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1998 Nov;59(5):699-703 [PMID: 9840584]
  51. J Virol. 2001 Feb;75(4):1808-15 [PMID: 11160679]
  52. J Virol. 2002 Jan;76(1):444-9 [PMID: 11739712]
  53. Virus Res. 1995 Sep;38(1):25-41 [PMID: 8546008]
  54. J Infect Dis. 1990 May;161(5):1016-9 [PMID: 1969885]
  55. J Virol. 1997 Feb;71(2):1162-72 [PMID: 8995638]
  56. J Clin Microbiol. 2003 Oct;41(10):4894-7 [PMID: 14532254]
  57. J Clin Microbiol. 2005 Jun;43(6):2756-63 [PMID: 15956394]
  58. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2002 Jan;178(1):159-63 [PMID: 11756112]
  59. J Gen Virol. 1995 Nov;76 ( Pt 11):2801-8 [PMID: 7595387]
  60. J Clin Microbiol. 1996 Jan;34(1):119-25 [PMID: 8748286]
  61. J Med Virol. 1995 Jul;46(3):281-6 [PMID: 7561804]
  62. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1997 Mar;56(3):273-84 [PMID: 9129529]
  63. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2005 Winter;5(4):315-23 [PMID: 16417427]
  64. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1998 Apr;58(4):525-32 [PMID: 9574803]
  65. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999 Jan-Feb;5(1):87-94 [PMID: 10081675]
  66. J Theor Biol. 2009 Oct 21;260(4):510-22 [PMID: 19616014]
  67. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1995 Apr;14(4):305-13 [PMID: 7649193]
  68. Virology. 1999 Mar 15;255(2):269-78 [PMID: 10069952]
  69. Clin Infect Dis. 1999 Sep;29(3):664-6 [PMID: 10530462]
  70. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2001;256:47-75 [PMID: 11217406]
  71. Virus Res. 2007 Feb;123(2):204-10 [PMID: 16997412]
  72. J Wildl Dis. 1989 Oct;25(4):469-76 [PMID: 2572705]
  73. Virus Res. 2005 Feb;107(2):129-39 [PMID: 15649559]
  74. PLoS One. 2009 Jul 07;4(7):e6149 [PMID: 19582155]
  75. BMC Infect Dis. 2009 Jul 08;9:109 [PMID: 19583875]
  76. Exp Mol Med. 2005 Apr 30;37(2):121-7 [PMID: 15886525]
  77. Geospat Health. 2007 Nov;2(1):15-28 [PMID: 18686252]
  78. Intervirology. 2002;45(4-6):334-9 [PMID: 12602352]
  79. J Pediatr. 1962 Jun;60:841-57 [PMID: 13896278]
  80. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Sep 12;97(19):10578-83 [PMID: 10973478]
  81. Nature. 2004 Jul 8;430(6996):242-9 [PMID: 15241422]
  82. J Gen Virol. 2000 Jul;81(Pt 7):1747-55 [PMID: 10859380]
  83. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1996 Jan;78(1):47-55 [PMID: 8599883]
  84. J Wildl Dis. 2005 Jan;41(1):1-11 [PMID: 15827206]
  85. J Virol. 2006 Feb;80(3):1087-97 [PMID: 16414986]
  86. Epidemiol Infect. 2010 Apr;138(4):576-84 [PMID: 19781114]
  87. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2008 Feb;78(2):352-7 [PMID: 18256445]
  88. J Med Virol. 2005 Oct;77(2):290-4 [PMID: 16121366]
  89. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006 Nov;75(5):994-1002 [PMID: 17124002]
  90. J Gen Virol. 1999 Feb;80 ( Pt 2):371-379 [PMID: 10073697]
  91. Intervirology. 1980;14(3-4):125-43 [PMID: 6165702]
  92. J Wildl Dis. 2004 Jan;40(1):103-9 [PMID: 15137495]
  93. Virology. 1992 Jan;186(1):53-64 [PMID: 1727611]
  94. Protein Expr Purif. 2001 Oct;23(1):134-41 [PMID: 11570855]
  95. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2005 May;36(3):700-3 [PMID: 16124441]
  96. J Clin Microbiol. 1985 Dec;22(6):940-4 [PMID: 2866197]
  97. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1997 Sep;57(3):274-82 [PMID: 9311636]
  98. Virology. 1995 Jul 10;210(2):482-9 [PMID: 7618284]
  99. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2005 Dec;73(6):1043-9 [PMID: 16354810]
  100. Lancet. 1997 Sep 13;350(9080):781-2 [PMID: 9298001]
  101. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009 Jan;15(1):104-6 [PMID: 19116065]
  102. Br J Ophthalmol. 1994 Dec;78(12):903-6 [PMID: 7819173]
  103. Rev Infect Dis. 1989 May-Jun;11 Suppl 4:S750-61 [PMID: 2546248]
  104. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Sep;8(9):924-9 [PMID: 12194768]
  105. Rev Infect Dis. 1991 Jan-Feb;13(1):97-107 [PMID: 1673261]
  106. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1998 Jul;59(1):58-65 [PMID: 9684629]
  107. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2008 Jul;41(7):596-9 [PMID: 18719741]
  108. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2001 Jun;54(3):95-102 [PMID: 11544398]
  109. Cell Cycle. 2009 May 1;8(9):1332-7 [PMID: 19342890]
  110. J Biol Dyn. 2009 Mar;3(2-3):116-29 [PMID: 22880824]
  111. Virology. 1995 Feb 1;206(2):973-83 [PMID: 7856108]
  112. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007 Sep;13(9):1301-6 [PMID: 18252099]
  113. J Virol. 1986 Mar;57(3):899-906 [PMID: 3512854]
  114. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009 Jun;15(6):885-91 [PMID: 19523286]
  115. J Med Virol. 1997 Sep;53(1):51-9 [PMID: 9298732]
  116. J Clin Microbiol. 1997 May;35(5):1090-6 [PMID: 9114386]
  117. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2002 Sep;97(6):783-7 [PMID: 12386696]
  118. Nat Rev Immunol. 2004 Nov;4(11):841-55 [PMID: 15516964]
  119. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2001 Jul;65(1):57-63 [PMID: 11504409]
  120. J Gen Virol. 2009 Jan;90(Pt 1):205-9 [PMID: 19088290]
  121. J Gen Virol. 1996 Dec;77 ( Pt 12):3063-7 [PMID: 9000098]
  122. J Med Virol. 2006 Feb;78(2):290-7 [PMID: 16372283]
  123. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2003 Jul;10(4):658-63 [PMID: 12853401]
  124. Rev Infect Dis. 1989 Nov-Dec;11(6):921-7 [PMID: 2574903]
  125. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2004 Feb;16(1):70-5 [PMID: 14758117]
  126. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2004 Summer;4(2):149-57 [PMID: 15228816]
  127. J Virol. 1999 May;73(5):3951-9 [PMID: 10196290]
  128. Math Med Biol. 2007 Mar;24(1):17-34 [PMID: 17012365]
  129. J Virol. 1995 Mar;69(3):1980-3 [PMID: 7853545]
  130. J Infect Dis. 1996 Jun;173(6):1297-303 [PMID: 8648200]
  131. J Virol. 1994 Feb;68(2):592-6 [PMID: 8289363]
  132. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008 Aug;14(8):1209-15 [PMID: 18680643]
  133. Am J Epidemiol. 1987 Nov;126(5):942-8 [PMID: 2889355]
  134. J Infect Dis. 1995 Apr;171(4):864-70 [PMID: 7706812]
  135. Scand J Infect Dis. 2004;36(5):356-9 [PMID: 15287380]
  136. Annu Rev Med. 1999;50:531-45 [PMID: 10073292]
  137. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1981 Sep;30(5):1106-12 [PMID: 6116436]
  138. Nephron. 1995;71(4):419-27 [PMID: 8587622]
  139. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2009 Mar;7(2):205-17 [PMID: 19254169]
  140. Lancet. 1982 Apr 3;1(8275):768-71 [PMID: 6121226]
  141. J Clin Virol. 2009 Jan;44(1):99-101 [PMID: 19058998]
  142. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Jul;8(7):657-61 [PMID: 12095430]
  143. Microbes Infect. 2008 Aug-Sep;10(10-11):1150-7 [PMID: 18606242]
  144. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999 Sep-Oct;5(5):701-5 [PMID: 10511527]
  145. J Clin Microbiol. 1999 Jan;37(1):122-6 [PMID: 9854075]
  146. J Med Virol. 2008 Jun;80(6):1033-41 [PMID: 18428127]
  147. J Med Virol. 2003 Nov;71(3):417-22 [PMID: 12966548]
  148. J Virol. 2003 Jan;77(2):1368-81 [PMID: 12502853]
  149. Arch Virol. 1996;141(5):959-67 [PMID: 8678841]
  150. J Gen Virol. 1996 Nov;77 ( Pt 11):2677-87 [PMID: 8922460]
  151. J Virol. 1976 Dec;20(3):664-75 [PMID: 994302]
  152. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2006 Oct;19(5):437-42 [PMID: 16940866]
  153. J Virol. 2009 Feb;83(3):1271-9 [PMID: 19019947]
  154. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1992;176:1-20 [PMID: 1600747]
  155. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2007 Summer;7(2):229-40 [PMID: 17627443]
  156. J Gen Virol. 1996 Oct;77 ( Pt 10):2555-62 [PMID: 8887490]
  157. Lancet. 1999 Jan 16;353(9148):207 [PMID: 9923881]
  158. Rev Med Virol. 1998 Apr;8(2):67-86 [PMID: 10398496]
  159. Scand J Infect Dis. 1997;29(4):349-54 [PMID: 9360248]
  160. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2000 Dec;21(6):445-7 [PMID: 11860832]
  161. Virology. 2001 Oct 10;289(1):6-14 [PMID: 11601912]
  162. Virology. 2001 Oct 25;289(2):224-9 [PMID: 11689045]
  163. Emerg Infect Dis. 1997 Apr-Jun;3(2):205-11 [PMID: 9204306]
  164. J Occup Environ Med. 1997 May;39(5):463-7 [PMID: 9172092]
  165. J Infect Dis. 1996 Aug;174(2):407-10 [PMID: 8699076]
  166. Coll Antropol. 2007 Dec;31(4):1159-67 [PMID: 18217475]
  167. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Dec 9;105(49):19294-9 [PMID: 19047634]
  168. Virology. 1992 Jul;189(1):324-8 [PMID: 1604818]
  169. Lancet Infect Dis. 2003 Oct;3(10):653-61 [PMID: 14522264]
  170. PLoS One. 2009 Jul 31;4(7):e6467 [PMID: 19649283]
  171. J Wildl Dis. 2005 Jul;41(3):473-81 [PMID: 16244056]
  172. Med Hist. 1997 Jul;41(3):362-84 [PMID: 9327632]
  173. Virus Res. 1995 Dec;39(2-3):237-50 [PMID: 8837887]
  174. Clin Infect Dis. 2002 Feb 1;34(3):293-304 [PMID: 11774075]
  175. Kidney Int. 2006 Jun;69(11):2043-8 [PMID: 16641933]
  176. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999 Jan-Feb;5(1):95-101 [PMID: 10081676]
  177. Science. 1993 Nov 5;262(5135):914-7 [PMID: 8235615]
  178. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009 Apr;80(4):678-83 [PMID: 19346399]
  179. BMJ. 1999 Jun 26;318(7200):1737-8 [PMID: 10381709]
  180. Clin Infect Dis. 1995 Feb;20(2):255-8 [PMID: 7742425]
  181. Environ Health Perspect. 2001 May;109 Suppl 2:223-33 [PMID: 11359689]
  182. J Med Virol. 2000 Jan;60(1):70-6 [PMID: 10568766]
  183. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Aug;8(8):768-76 [PMID: 12141960]
  184. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999 Nov-Dec;5(6):792-7 [PMID: 10603213]
  185. J Med Virol. 2001 Nov;65(3):605-13 [PMID: 11596100]
  186. Scand J Infect Dis. 1999;31(5):427-35 [PMID: 10576121]
  187. J Virol. 1990 Jul;64(7):3162-70 [PMID: 1972201]
  188. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999 Jan-Feb;5(1):135-42 [PMID: 10081681]
  189. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1993 Nov;14(11):673 [PMID: 7907617]
  190. Eur J Epidemiol. 1994 Jun;10(3):349-51 [PMID: 7859849]
  191. J Med Virol. 2000 Jan;60(1):77-85 [PMID: 10568767]
  192. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004 Aug;10(8):1496-8 [PMID: 15496259]
  193. Microbes Infect. 2006 Mar;8(3):728-37 [PMID: 16513381]
  194. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;21(4):313-22 [PMID: 16088742]
  195. Arch Virol. 1993;132(3-4):255-65 [PMID: 8379850]
  196. Virus Genes. 2001 Jan;22(1):73-83 [PMID: 11210942]
  197. Virus Res. 1996 Nov;45(1):29-44 [PMID: 8896239]
  198. Virology. 1983 Dec;131(2):482-91 [PMID: 6419460]
  199. J Gen Virol. 2007 Nov;88(Pt 11):3121-3129 [PMID: 17947538]
  200. J Gen Virol. 2008 Aug;89(Pt 8):1987-1997 [PMID: 18632971]
  201. Arch Virol Suppl. 2005;(19):45-57 [PMID: 16355867]
  202. Virus Res. 2000 Sep;70(1-2):31-44 [PMID: 11074123]
  203. Prog Med Virol. 1989;36:62-102 [PMID: 2573914]
  204. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2000 Oct;21(5):347-8 [PMID: 11860813]
  205. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999 Jan-Feb;5(1):75-86 [PMID: 10081674]
  206. Vaccine. 2007 Feb 19;25(9):1690-9 [PMID: 17110000]
  207. J Med Virol. 2007 Oct;79(10):1527-36 [PMID: 17705180]
  208. Kidney Int. 1996 Jan;49(1):217-21 [PMID: 8770970]
  209. J Wildl Dis. 2001 Apr;37(2):391-3 [PMID: 11310896]
  210. Virology. 2002 Mar 1;294(1):60-9 [PMID: 11886265]
  211. Trop Med Int Health. 2004 Apr;9(4):508-19 [PMID: 15078270]
  212. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2009 May-Jun;42(3):282-9 [PMID: 19684976]
  213. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2002 Apr;21(4):304-6 [PMID: 12072943]
  214. Virus Res. 1993 Dec;30(3):351-67 [PMID: 8109165]
  215. J Infect Dis. 1982 Nov;146(5):638-44 [PMID: 6127366]
  216. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2001;256:91-115 [PMID: 11217408]
  217. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004 Sep;10(9):1635-42 [PMID: 15498167]
  218. J Vector Ecol. 2001 Jun;26(1):7-14 [PMID: 11469186]
  219. Annu Rev Public Health. 1992;13:79-98 [PMID: 1350911]
  220. J Virol. 1998 Apr;72(4):2865-70 [PMID: 9525606]
  221. J Med Virol. 1993 Feb;39(2):152-5 [PMID: 8487037]
  222. J Virol. 1999 Jul;73(7):5586-92 [PMID: 10364307]
  223. Clin Infect Dis. 2002 Jul 1;35(1):96-101 [PMID: 12060884]
  224. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2001;256:77-90 [PMID: 11217407]
  225. J Virol. 1985 Jul;55(1):34-8 [PMID: 2861296]
  226. J Immunol. 2004 Mar 1;172(5):3297-304 [PMID: 14978138]
  227. J Infect Dis. 1980 Feb;141(2):131-4 [PMID: 6102587]
  228. Science. 1992 Jul 17;257(5068):387-9 [PMID: 1631560]
  229. Clin Infect Dis. 1999 Dec;29(6):1588-9 [PMID: 10585829]
  230. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008 Apr;14(4):617-25 [PMID: 18394280]
  231. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2009 Jun;15(6):518-23 [PMID: 19604276]
  232. Virology. 2000 Nov 10;277(1):14-9 [PMID: 11062031]
  233. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1996 Dec;55(6):672-9 [PMID: 9025697]
  234. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004 Mar;70(3):310-7 [PMID: 15031523]
  235. J Gen Virol. 2000 Dec;81(Pt 12):2833-41 [PMID: 11086113]
  236. J Infect Dis. 1994 Jun;169(6):1271-80 [PMID: 8195603]
  237. J Virol. 2000 Sep;74(17):8213-7 [PMID: 10933735]
  238. Ann Acad Med Singap. 1987 Oct;16(4):696-701 [PMID: 2895603]
  239. Infection. 2002 Oct;30(5):326-7 [PMID: 12382098]
  240. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009 Apr;15(4):561-7 [PMID: 19331732]
  241. J Clin Microbiol. 1997 May;35(5):1122-30 [PMID: 9114393]
  242. Virus Res. 2001 Apr;74(1-2):177-9 [PMID: 11226584]
  243. Emerg Infect Dis. 2001 May-Jun;7(3):480-2 [PMID: 11384538]
  244. Intervirology. 1985;23(2):97-108 [PMID: 2984144]
  245. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2007;315:217-52 [PMID: 17848067]
  246. Virology. 1996 Mar 1;217(1):262-71 [PMID: 8599211]
  247. Int J Health Geogr. 2009 Jan 16;8:1 [PMID: 19149870]
  248. J Infect Dis. 1995 Dec;172(6):1581-4 [PMID: 7594720]
  249. Science. 1985 Mar 1;227(4690):1041-4 [PMID: 2858126]
  250. Clin Sci (Lond). 1999 Nov;97(5):529-38 [PMID: 10545303]
  251. J Med Virol. 1996 Aug;49(4):333-5 [PMID: 8877768]
  252. J Infect Dis. 1994 Oct;170(4):1013-7 [PMID: 7930697]
  253. Emerg Infect Dis. 1997 Apr-Jun;3(2):95-104 [PMID: 9204290]
  254. Chest. 2001 Aug;120(2):548-54 [PMID: 11502657]
  255. Virus Res. 2007 Sep;128(1-2):149-52 [PMID: 17524512]
  256. J Med Virol. 2007 Nov;79(11):1792-5 [PMID: 17854038]
  257. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009 Aug;81(2):273-6 [PMID: 19635882]
  258. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1999 Sep;61(3):409-11 [PMID: 10497981]
  259. Emerg Infect Dis. 1998 Oct-Dec;4(4):687-94 [PMID: 9866751]
  260. Chin Med J (Engl). 1999 May;112(5):472-7 [PMID: 11593522]
  261. Curr Mol Med. 2005 Dec;5(8):773-90 [PMID: 16375712]
  262. J Infect Dis. 1983 Dec;148(6):1005-12 [PMID: 6140290]
  263. J Virol. 2005 Jun;79(12):7319-26 [PMID: 15919886]
  264. Virol J. 2008 Jan 11;5:3 [PMID: 18190677]
  265. Virology. 1995 Mar 10;207(2):452-9 [PMID: 7886948]
  266. Lancet. 1996 Jan 6;347(8993):57 [PMID: 8531560]
  267. J Med Virol. 2007 Jan;79(1):41-4 [PMID: 17133547]
  268. Epidemiol Infect. 1988 Oct;101(2):459-72 [PMID: 3141203]
  269. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006 Nov;75(5):1003-10 [PMID: 17124003]
  270. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2004 Oct;99(6):633-8 [PMID: 15558177]
  271. Scand J Infect Dis. 2009;41(1):57-62 [PMID: 18932105]
  272. Lancet Infect Dis. 2003 Dec;3(12):752-3; discussion 753-4 [PMID: 14652198]
  273. Clin Infect Dis. 1997 Nov;25(5):1084-9 [PMID: 9402362]
  274. J Virol. 2004 Nov;78(21):11972-9 [PMID: 15479837]
  275. J Med Virol. 1998 Aug;55(4):321-7 [PMID: 9661842]
  276. Virol J. 2008 Jan 11;5:4 [PMID: 18190679]
  277. J Infect Dis. 1978 Mar;137(3):298-308 [PMID: 24670]
  278. J Virol. 2002 Aug;76(15):7587-94 [PMID: 12097572]
  279. Virology. 2008 Apr 25;374(1):138-50 [PMID: 18234268]
  280. Emerg Infect Dis. 1997 Apr-Jun;3(2):171-4 [PMID: 9204298]
  281. J Gen Virol. 2007 Apr;88(Pt 4):1295-1301 [PMID: 17374775]
  282. J Infect Dis. 1987 Dec;156(6):1010-3 [PMID: 2890690]
  283. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004 Nov;71(5):658-63 [PMID: 15569801]
  284. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2001;256:33-46 [PMID: 11217405]
  285. J Infect Dis. 1998 Mar;177(3):529-38 [PMID: 9498428]
  286. J Med Virol. 1999 Dec;59(4):527-35 [PMID: 10534737]
  287. Mol Biol Evol. 2008 Jul;25(7):1488-92 [PMID: 18417484]
  288. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1999 Jul;61(1):92-8 [PMID: 10432063]
  289. J Med Virol. 2002 Apr;66(4):542-51 [PMID: 11857535]
  290. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2000 Jun;62(6):714-7 [PMID: 11304061]
  291. Semin Respir Infect. 1997 Mar;12(1):31-9 [PMID: 9097374]
  292. J Infect Dis. 1986 Mar;153(3):489-97 [PMID: 2869089]
  293. J Gen Virol. 2008 May;89(Pt 5):1309-1313 [PMID: 18420810]
  294. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009 Jul;15(7):1140-2 [PMID: 19624946]
  295. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999 Jan-Feb;5(1):118-25 [PMID: 10081679]
  296. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1998 Apr;24(2):104-8 [PMID: 9630057]
  297. Lab Anim Sci. 1987 Aug;37(4):413-8 [PMID: 2889844]
  298. N Engl J Med. 1994 Apr 7;330(14):949-55 [PMID: 8121458]
  299. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004 Dec;10(12):2218-20 [PMID: 15663866]
  300. Antiviral Res. 2009 Jan;81(1):68-76 [PMID: 18977392]
  301. J Infect Dis. 1987 Feb;155(2):269-76 [PMID: 2879874]
  302. Bull Math Biol. 2006 Apr;68(3):511-24 [PMID: 16794943]
  303. Virology. 2006 Mar 30;347(1):208-16 [PMID: 16378630]
  304. J Vector Ecol. 2004 Jun;29(1):177-91 [PMID: 15266755]
  305. Virology. 2009 May 25;388(1):8-14 [PMID: 19394994]
  306. Virology. 2000 Dec 20;278(2):332-45 [PMID: 11118357]
  307. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999 Jan-Feb;5(1):126-34 [PMID: 10081680]
  308. Emerg Infect Dis. 2000 Mar-Apr;6(2):184-7 [PMID: 10756154]
  309. Clin Infect Dis. 1996 Sep;23(3):495-500 [PMID: 8879771]
  310. Virology. 2001 Aug 1;286(2):345-53 [PMID: 11485402]
  311. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006 Jun;74(6):1103-10 [PMID: 16760528]
  312. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2009 Jul-Sep;27(3):267-70 [PMID: 19584514]
  313. Arch Virol. 1999;144(12):2415-28 [PMID: 10664394]
  314. Mol Cell Biol. 1982 Nov;2(11):1444-58 [PMID: 6891745]
  315. J Biol Chem. 1999 Nov 19;274(47):33732-9 [PMID: 10559265]
  316. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006 Jun;12(6):1015-8 [PMID: 16707066]
  317. J Wildl Dis. 2007 Jan;43(1):12-22 [PMID: 17347389]
  318. Epidemiol Infect. 2009 Oct;137(10):1479-85 [PMID: 19288958]
  319. Epidemiol Infect. 1994 Aug;113(1):129-36 [PMID: 7914872]
  320. Virology. 2004 Aug 15;326(1):130-9 [PMID: 15262501]
  321. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2004 Feb;69(2 Pt 1):021906 [PMID: 14995490]
  322. Trends Microbiol. 1996 Jun;4(6):216-8 [PMID: 8795155]
  323. Epidemics. 2009 Jun;1(2):101-7 [PMID: 21352757]
  324. J Infect Dis. 2007 Jun 1;195(11):1563-71 [PMID: 17471425]
  325. Mol Biol Evol. 2009 Jan;26(1):143-53 [PMID: 18922760]
  326. J Clin Lab Anal. 2007;21(1):7-13 [PMID: 17245757]
  327. J Struct Biol. 2007 Jan;157(1):3-18 [PMID: 17011211]
  328. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1985 Mar;34(2):388-95 [PMID: 2858987]
  329. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007 Aug;13(8):1211-4 [PMID: 17953094]
  330. J Gen Virol. 2008 Jul;89(Pt 7):1649-1660 [PMID: 18559935]
  331. J Infect Dis. 1994 Sep;170(3):527-34 [PMID: 7915747]
  332. J Math Biol. 2006 Sep;53(3):421-36 [PMID: 16823580]
  333. J Med Virol. 2007 Dec;79(12):1841-3 [PMID: 17935168]
  334. N Engl J Med. 1997 Feb 20;336(8):580-2 [PMID: 9023099]
  335. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 1997 Jul-Aug;39(4):237-8 [PMID: 9640790]
  336. Emerg Infect Dis. 2000 May-Jun;6(3):238-47 [PMID: 10827113]
  337. Epidemiol Infect. 2007 Jan;135(1):46-56 [PMID: 16753079]
  338. J Exp Med. 2000 Jul 17;192(2):151-8 [PMID: 10899902]
  339. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1997 Sep;57(3):368-74 [PMID: 9311652]
  340. J Med Virol. 2005 Aug;76(4):553-62 [PMID: 15977228]
  341. Clin Infect Dis. 1999 Dec;29(6):1538-44 [PMID: 10585809]
  342. Acta Virol. 1991 Jan;35(1):54-63 [PMID: 1683116]
  343. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2001;256:15-32 [PMID: 11217402]
  344. Croat Med J. 2002 Jun;43(3):330-7 [PMID: 12035141]
  345. Infect Agents Dis. 1994 Oct;3(5):234-44 [PMID: 7866656]
  346. J Biotechnol. 2004 Aug 5;111(3):319-33 [PMID: 15246668]
  347. Med Microbiol Immunol. 2009 May;198(2):83-91 [PMID: 19148676]
  348. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007 Sep;13(9):1424-5 [PMID: 18252129]
  349. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Dec 24;99(26):16817-22 [PMID: 12473747]
  350. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006 Dec;75(6):1127-34 [PMID: 17172380]
  351. Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Oct;31(4):942-6 [PMID: 11049774]
  352. J Virol. 1977 Apr;22(1):203-9 [PMID: 853565]
  353. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1999 Nov;61(5):814-21 [PMID: 10586917]
  354. J Virol. 1997 Feb;71(2):1147-54 [PMID: 8995636]
  355. J Virol Methods. 1992 Jun;37(3):345-54 [PMID: 1634601]
  356. Clin Infect Dis. 1999 Dec;29(6):1577-9 [PMID: 10585821]
  357. Med Hist. 1998 Jan;42(1):96-8 [PMID: 9536626]
  358. J Clin Virol. 2007 Nov;40(3):248-51 [PMID: 17900974]
  359. Nephron. 2001 Dec;89(4):402-7 [PMID: 11721157]
  360. Am J Epidemiol. 1998 Aug 1;148(3):276-81 [PMID: 9690365]
  361. Virology. 1995 Dec 20;214(2):602-10 [PMID: 8553562]
  362. Antiviral Res. 2000 Aug;47(2):57-77 [PMID: 10996394]
  363. J Infect Dis. 1993 Mar;167(3):614-20 [PMID: 8095060]
  364. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007 Jul;13(7):980-5 [PMID: 18214168]
  365. Virology. 1997 Nov 10;238(1):115-27 [PMID: 9375015]
  366. J Vector Ecol. 2009 Jun;34(1):9-21 [PMID: 20836801]
  367. J Virol. 2003 Jun;77(12):7156-7; author reply 7157-8 [PMID: 12768038]
  368. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1989 Aug;41(2):230-40 [PMID: 2570533]
  369. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2004 Oct;17(5):427-31 [PMID: 15353962]
  370. Rev Med Chil. 1999 Dec;127(12):1513-23 [PMID: 10835761]
  371. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008 Sep;14(9):1447-51 [PMID: 18760017]
  372. PLoS One. 2008 Aug 21;3(8):e3035 [PMID: 18716663]
  373. Antivir Ther. 1999;4(4):211-9 [PMID: 10723500]
  374. J Virol. 2003 Jan;77(1):804-9 [PMID: 12477889]
  375. Intervirology. 1975-1976;6(1):1-12 [PMID: 1235822]
  376. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Sep 25;104(39):15496-501 [PMID: 17875986]
  377. J Clin Virol. 2009 Jun;45(2):153-6 [PMID: 19395308]
  378. J Virol. 1995 Dec;69(12):8137-41 [PMID: 7494337]
  379. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Dec;8(12):1509-11 [PMID: 12498675]
  380. Ecology. 2007 Aug;88(8):1911-6 [PMID: 17824420]
  381. J Virol. 2002 Apr;76(8):3765-73 [PMID: 11907216]
  382. J Vector Ecol. 2009 Jun;34(1):104-13 [PMID: 20836810]
  383. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Oct 3;103(40):14860-4 [PMID: 17001012]
  384. J Infect Dis. 1995 Oct;172(4):1166 [PMID: 7561206]
  385. Annu Rev Immunol. 2001;19:65-91 [PMID: 11244031]
  386. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009 Sep;1171 Suppl 1:E86-93 [PMID: 19751407]
  387. Emerg Infect Dis. 2000 May-Jun;6(3):248-58 [PMID: 10827114]
  388. Virus Res. 1997 Oct;51(2):159-71 [PMID: 9498614]
  389. J Clin Microbiol. 2000 Aug;38(8):3029-35 [PMID: 10921972]
  390. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Jun 9;95(12):7074-9 [PMID: 9618541]
  391. J Virol. 2002 Nov;76(21):10724-33 [PMID: 12368315]
  392. Epidemiol Infect. 2010 Jan;138(1):91-8 [PMID: 19563697]
  393. Am J Epidemiol. 1999 Jun 15;149(12):1142-51 [PMID: 10369509]
  394. Parasitol Res. 2008 Dec;103 Suppl 1:S121-9 [PMID: 19030894]
  395. J Wildl Dis. 2003 Apr;39(2):299-305 [PMID: 12910756]
  396. Epidemiol Infect. 2007 Feb;135(2):245-52 [PMID: 16780612]
  397. Virology. 2003 Mar 30;308(1):48-63 [PMID: 12706089]
  398. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2000 Dec;19(12):968-9 [PMID: 11205639]
  399. J Virol. 2007 Aug;81(16):8634-47 [PMID: 17537852]
  400. J Med Virol. 1999 Nov;59(3):397-405 [PMID: 10502274]
  401. J Gen Virol. 2009 Aug;90(Pt 8):1923-1931 [PMID: 19386780]
  402. Infect Immun. 1981 Jan;31(1):334-8 [PMID: 6111538]
  403. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004 Dec;10(12):2127-34 [PMID: 15663849]
  404. Scand J Infect Dis. 1994;26(1):7-13 [PMID: 7910705]
  405. Clin Infect Dis. 2001 Jul 15;33(2):263-4 [PMID: 11418889]
  406. Virus Res. 2008 Feb;131(2):180-8 [PMID: 17963942]
  407. J Infect Dis. 1991 Dec;164(6):1119-27 [PMID: 1683355]
  408. J Gen Virol. 2006 Aug;87(Pt 8):2127-2134 [PMID: 16847107]
  409. J Virol Methods. 2003 Mar;108(1):117-22 [PMID: 12565162]
  410. JAMA. 1996 Feb 7;275(5):398-400 [PMID: 8569020]
  411. Microbes Infect. 2006 Jul;8(8):2324-30 [PMID: 16793309]
  412. Intervirology. 1977;8(5):294-308 [PMID: 18425]
  413. J Clin Microbiol. 2006 Apr;44(4):1608-9; author reply 1609-11 [PMID: 16597913]
  414. Rev Med Virol. 2008 Jul-Aug;18(4):277-88 [PMID: 18464294]
  415. J Med Virol. 2000 Jun;61(2):266-74 [PMID: 10797384]
  416. Immunol Lett. 2007 Nov 15;113(2):117-20 [PMID: 17897725]
  417. J Virol. 2001 Mar;75(6):2646-52 [PMID: 11222687]
  418. Arch Virol. 1985;86(1-2):17-28 [PMID: 2412528]
  419. Can Commun Dis Rep. 2000 Apr 15;26(8):65-9 [PMID: 10851764]
  420. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2003 Apr;97(3):269-80 [PMID: 12803858]
  421. Virology. 1997 Nov 24;238(2):380-90 [PMID: 9400611]
  422. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007 Sep;13(9):1364-6 [PMID: 18252110]
  423. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008 May;14(5):808-10 [PMID: 18439368]
  424. Virology. 1998 Mar 1;242(1):99-106 [PMID: 9501041]
  425. J Biosci. 2008 Nov;33(4):495-504 [PMID: 19208975]
  426. Virus Res. 2002 Oct;89(1):131-43 [PMID: 12367756]
  427. J Virol. 2008 May;82(9):4257-64 [PMID: 18305044]
  428. Virology. 1986 Dec;155(2):633-43 [PMID: 3024404]
  429. J Gen Virol. 1988 Apr;69 ( Pt 4):777-86 [PMID: 2895799]
  430. Prog Med Virol. 1982;28:96-113 [PMID: 6124025]
  431. Vaccine. 2006 Apr 5;24(15):2928-34 [PMID: 16426712]
  432. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2003 Sep;69(3):263-8 [PMID: 14628942]
  433. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2001 Jul;65(1):33-41 [PMID: 11504405]
  434. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2001;256:171-91 [PMID: 11217404]
  435. Epidemiol Infect. 2009 Feb;137(2):250-6 [PMID: 18606026]
  436. Virology. 1998 Feb 15;241(2):323-30 [PMID: 9499807]
  437. Virus Genes. 2005 Jan;30(1):37-48 [PMID: 15744561]
  438. Lancet. 1982 Apr 3;1(8275):765-8 [PMID: 6121225]
  439. Euro Surveill. 2008 Jul 10;13(28): [PMID: 18761927]
  440. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1998 Sep;59(3):438-44 [PMID: 9749641]
  441. Virus Res. 1990 Jun;16(2):127-36 [PMID: 2385957]
  442. Antivir Ther. 2008;13(1):125-33 [PMID: 18389907]

Grants

  1. R01 TW006986/FIC NIH HHS
  2. R03 TW007813/FIC NIH HHS
  3. 1 R01 TW006986-01/FIC NIH HHS
  4. R03TW007813/FIC NIH HHS

MeSH Term

Animals
Disease Reservoirs
Orthohantavirus
Hantavirus Infections
Humans
Rodentia
Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Review
Article has an altmetric score of 167

Word Cloud

Created with Highcharts 10.0.0diseasevirusesecologyhumansserioushantavirussyndromeepidemiologyresearchHantavirusesenzooticmaintainpersistentinfectionsrodenthostswithoutapparentsymptomsspillovercanleadonetwoillnessespulmonaryhemorrhagicfeverrenalrecentyearsimprovedunderstandingpathogenesisnaturalhistoryfollowingincreasenumberoutbreaksAmericasreviewcurrentconceptsregardingassociatedhumanpathogenspresentedPrioritiesfuturesuggestintegrationevolutionhost-virusecosystemsmodelinghypothesis-drivenriskemergencehostswitching/spillovertransmissionglobalperspective

Similar Articles

Cited By