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Cell
Sep 16, 2011;146 (6): 866-72.

DNA demethylation dynamics.

Nidhi Bhutani, David M Burns, Helen M Blau
Author Information
  1. Nidhi Bhutani: Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5175, USA.
PMID: 21925312 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2011.08.042

Abstract

The discovery of cytosine hydroxymethylation (5hmC) suggested a simple means of demethylating DNA and activating genes. Further experiments, however, unearthed an unexpectedly complex process, entailing both passive and active mechanisms of DNA demethylation by the ten-eleven translocation (TET) and AID/APOBEC families of enzymes. The consensus emerging from these studies is that removal of cytosine methylation in mammalian cells can occur by DNA repair. These reports highlight that in certain contexts, DNA methylation is not fixed but dynamic, requiring continuous regulation.

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Grants

  1. AG020961/NIA NIH HHS
  2. R01 AG009521-25/NIA NIH HHS
  3. U01 HL100397-04/NHLBI NIH HHS
  4. R01 AG020961/NIA NIH HHS
  5. R01 AG009521/NIA NIH HHS
  6. R01 HL096113/NHLBI NIH HHS
  7. HL100397/NHLBI NIH HHS
  8. HL096113/NHLBI NIH HHS
  9. R01 AG020961-09/NIA NIH HHS
  10. R37 AG009521/NIA NIH HHS
  11. T32 CA009151-27/NCI NIH HHS
  12. U01 HL100397/NHLBI NIH HHS
  13. AG009521/NIA NIH HHS
  14. T32 CA009151/NCI NIH HHS
  15. R01 HL096113-04/NHLBI NIH HHS
  16. 5T32CA09151/NCI NIH HHS

MeSH Term

Animals
Cytidine Deaminase
Cytosine
DNA Methylation
DNA Repair
Embryonic Development
Humans

Chemicals

Cytosine
Cytidine Deaminase
Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Article has an altmetric score of 19

Word Cloud

Created with Highcharts 10.0.0DNAcytosinedemethylationmethylationdiscoveryhydroxymethylation5hmCsuggestedsimplemeansdemethylatingactivatinggenesexperimentshoweverunearthedunexpectedlycomplexprocessentailingpassiveactivemechanismsten-eleventranslocationTETAID/APOBECfamiliesenzymesconsensusemergingstudiesremovalmammaliancellscanoccurrepairreportshighlightcertaincontextsfixeddynamicrequiringcontinuousregulationdynamics

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