Patents and genome-wide DNA sequence analysis: is it safe to go into the human genome?

Robert Cook-Deegan, Subhashini Chandrasekharan
Author Information
  1. Robert Cook-Deegan: Research Professor of Public Policy, Internal Medicine, and Biology. He is the director of the Center for Public Genomics, a Center for Excellence in Ethical Research.

Abstract

Some claims in patents on individual genes and methods of detecting variations appear to be infringed by whole-genome and all-exome sequencing and genomic analysis. But what is the real risk of infringement liability? The risk is probably low. This is partly because it will rarely make sense to sue, but also because the patent-holder may well lose if they do sue. Courts have recently narrowed standards of patentable subject matter, invalidating broad method claims and DNA-based claims for sequences that would be found in nature. Moreover, claims broad enough to cover WGS are likely to be invalid on other grounds, and not worth risking a lawsuit to enforce.

References

  1. Sci Transl Med. 2013 Jul 3;5(192):192ed9 [PMID: 23825298]
  2. Genet Med. 2013 Jul;15(7):565-74 [PMID: 23788249]
  3. N Engl J Med. 2013 Aug 29;369(9):869-75 [PMID: 23841703]
  4. Nat Biotechnol. 2013 May;31(5):404-10 [PMID: 23657391]
  5. Sci Am. 2001 Aug;285(2):28 [PMID: 11477999]
  6. Nat Biotechnol. 2009 Oct;27(10):903-9 [PMID: 19816443]
  7. Nat Biotechnol. 2012 Mar 07;30(3):240-4 [PMID: 22398617]
  8. Science. 1992 Aug 14;257(5072):915-8 [PMID: 1502558]
  9. Science. 1998 May 1;280(5364):698-701 [PMID: 9563938]
  10. Science. 2005 Oct 14;310(5746):239-40 [PMID: 16224006]
  11. Science. 2013 Jul 12;341(6142):137-8 [PMID: 23811224]
  12. N Engl J Med. 1992 Aug 27;327(9):664-8 [PMID: 1640972]

Grants

  1. P50 HG003391/NHGRI NIH HHS
  2. R01 HG006460/NHGRI NIH HHS
  3. R01HG006460/NHGRI NIH HHS
  4. P50HG03391/NHGRI NIH HHS

MeSH Term

Genome, Human
High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
Humans
Patents as Topic
Sequence Analysis, DNA
United States

Word Cloud

Created with Highcharts 10.0.0claimsrisksuebroadpatentsindividualgenesmethodsdetectingvariationsappearinfringedwhole-genomeall-exomesequencinggenomicanalysisrealinfringementliability?probablylowpartlywillrarelymakesensealsopatent-holdermaywellloseCourtsrecentlynarrowedstandardspatentablesubjectmatterinvalidatingmethodDNA-basedsequencesfoundnatureMoreoverenoughcoverWGSlikelyinvalidgroundsworthriskinglawsuitenforcePatentsgenome-wideDNAsequenceanalysis:safegohumangenome?

Similar Articles

Cited By