OpenLB
Open Library of Bioscience
Advanced Search
Biomolecules
Feb 27, 2015;5 (1): 166-77.

Immunoglobulin isotypes in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar.

Ivar Hordvik
Author Information
  1. Ivar Hordvik: Department of Biology (BIO), High Technology Center, University of Bergen, Bergen N-5020, Norway. ivar.hordvik@bio.uib.no.
PMID: 25734583 DOI: 10.3390/biom5010166

Abstract

There are three major immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes in salmonid fish: IgM, IgD and IgT, defined by the heavy chains μ, δ and τ, respectively. As a result of whole genome duplication in the ancestor of the salmonid fish family, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) possess two highly similar Ig heavy chain gene complexes (A and B), comprising two μ genes, two δ genes, three intact τ genes and five τ pseudogenes. The μA and μB genes correspond to two distinct sub-populations of serum IgM. The IgM-B sub-variant has a characteristic extra cysteine near the C-terminal part of the heavy chain and exhibits a higher degree of polymer disulfide cross-linking compared to IgM-A. The IgM-B:IgM-A ratio in serum is typically 60:40, but skewed ratios are also observed. The IgT isotype appears to be specialized to mucosal immune responses in salmonid fish. The concentration of IgT in serum is 100 to 1000 times lower than IgM. Secreted forms of IgD have been detected in rainbow trout, but not yet in Atlantic salmon.

References

  1. Immunol Rev. 1998 Dec;166:153-7 [PMID: 9914910]
  2. Nat Immunol. 2010 Sep;11(9):827-35 [PMID: 20676094]
  3. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Aug 6;110(32):13097-102 [PMID: 23884653]
  4. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 1993 Feb;36(1):65-74 [PMID: 7680509]
  5. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Sep 11;18(17):5227-33 [PMID: 2119496]
  6. Mol Immunol. 2002 Oct;39(5-6):313-21 [PMID: 12220889]
  7. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2013 Feb;34(2):667-72 [PMID: 23261504]
  8. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1971 Jan;68(1):107-11 [PMID: 5276279]
  9. J Immunol. 2010 Jan 15;184(2):844-50 [PMID: 20018610]
  10. J Anat. 2008 Aug;213(2):202-9 [PMID: 19172734]
  11. J Immunol. 2008 Oct 1;181(7):4807-14 [PMID: 18802084]
  12. Dev Comp Immunol. 2011 Sep;35(9):924-36 [PMID: 21078341]
  13. Comp Biochem Physiol A Comp Physiol. 1991;99(4):637-43 [PMID: 1679701]
  14. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2013 Dec;35(6):1719-28 [PMID: 24436975]
  15. Mol Immunol. 2002 Sep;39(1-2):85-91 [PMID: 12213331]
  16. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2001 Jan;11(1):65-74 [PMID: 11271603]
  17. J Immunol. 2014 Feb 1;192(3):1257-66 [PMID: 24353268]
  18. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2011 Jan;139(1):17-26 [PMID: 20801526]
  19. Dev Comp Immunol. 1988 Fall;12(4):773-85 [PMID: 2463186]
  20. Immunology. 1999 Jul;97(3):408-13 [PMID: 10447761]
  21. J Immunol. 2012 Feb 1;188(3):1341-9 [PMID: 22205025]
  22. Nat Commun. 2014 Apr 22;5:3657 [PMID: 24755649]
  23. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 May 10;102(19):6919-24 [PMID: 15863615]
  24. J Immunol. 2014 Oct 1;193(7):3463-9 [PMID: 25172486]
  25. Eur J Immunol. 1992 Nov;22(11):2957-62 [PMID: 1425919]
  26. BMC Genomics. 2010 Sep 02;11:486 [PMID: 20813058]
  27. Nat Med. 2006 Jun;12(6):711-6 [PMID: 16732279]
  28. Mol Immunol. 1980 Apr;17(4):445-52 [PMID: 7393235]
  29. Mol Immunol. 2011 Sep;48(15-16):1859-67 [PMID: 21628072]
  30. J Immunol. 2002 Sep 1;169(5):2488-97 [PMID: 12193718]
  31. Mol Genet Genomics. 2014 Dec;289(6):1045-60 [PMID: 25092473]
  32. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Sep 1;106(35):14960-5 [PMID: 19706439]
  33. Zh Evol Biokhim Fiziol. 2008 Mar-Apr;44(2):131-43 [PMID: 18669274]
  34. Dev Comp Immunol. 2011 Sep;35(9):982-90 [PMID: 21300090]
  35. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2011 Nov;31(5):616-26 [PMID: 20832474]
  36. Nat Immunol. 2005 Mar;6(3):295-302 [PMID: 15685175]
  37. Immunogenetics. 2014 Apr;66(4):267-79 [PMID: 24469064]
  38. Scand J Immunol. 1999 Aug;50(2):202-10 [PMID: 10447926]
  39. PLoS Pathog. 2013 Jan;9(1):e1003098 [PMID: 23326228]
  40. J Anat. 2010 Dec;217(6):728-39 [PMID: 20880086]
  41. Dev Comp Immunol. 1990 Fall;14(4):415-23 [PMID: 2086271]
  42. Front Immunol. 2013 Sep 02;4:263 [PMID: 24032032]
  43. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Apr 29;94(9):4593-7 [PMID: 9114035]
  44. Pigment Cell Res. 2006 Jun;19(3):214-25 [PMID: 16704455]
  45. Dev Comp Immunol. 1977 Jan;1(1):15-22 [PMID: 416972]
  46. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2012 Nov;33(5):1199-206 [PMID: 23009920]
  47. Mol Immunol. 2011 Dec;49(3):462-73 [PMID: 22001425]

MeSH Term

Animals
Humans
Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains
Immunoglobulin Isotypes
Salmo salar
Tetraploidy

Chemicals

Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains
Immunoglobulin Isotypes
Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review
Article has an altmetric score of 1

Word Cloud

Created with Highcharts 10.0.0twogenessalmonidIgMIgTheavyτAtlanticsalmonserumthreeIgisotypesIgDμδfishSalmosalarchainmajorimmunoglobulinfish:definedchainsrespectivelyresultwholegenomeduplicationancestorfamilypossesshighlysimilargenecomplexesBcomprisingintactfivepseudogenesμAμBcorresponddistinctsub-populationsIgM-Bsub-variantcharacteristicextracysteinenearC-terminalpartexhibitshigherdegreepolymerdisulfidecross-linkingcomparedIgM-AIgM-B:IgM-Aratiotypically60:40skewedratiosalsoobservedisotypeappearsspecializedmucosalimmuneresponsesconcentration1001000timeslowerSecretedformsdetectedrainbowtroutyetImmunoglobulin

Similar Articles

Cited By (21)