The influence of electromagnetic pollution on living organisms: historical trends and forecasting changes.
Grzegorz Redlarski, Bogdan Lewczuk, Arkadiusz ��ak, Andrzej Koncicki, Marek Krawczuk, Janusz Piechocki, Kazimierz Jakubiuk, Piotr Tojza, Jacek Jaworski, Dominik Ambroziak, ��ukasz Skarbek, Dawid Gradolewski
Author Information
Grzegorz Redlarski: Department of Mechatronics and High Voltage Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, W��asna Strzecha Street 18A, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland ; Department of Electrical Engineering, Power Engineering, Electronics, and Control Engineering, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego Street 11, 10-736 Olsztyn, Poland. ORCID
Bogdan Lewczuk: Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego Street 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland. ORCID
Arkadiusz ��ak: Department of Mechatronics and High Voltage Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, W��asna Strzecha Street 18A, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
Andrzej Koncicki: Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego Street 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
Marek Krawczuk: Department of Mechatronics and High Voltage Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, W��asna Strzecha Street 18A, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland. ORCID
Janusz Piechocki: Department of Electrical Engineering, Power Engineering, Electronics, and Control Engineering, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego Street 11, 10-736 Olsztyn, Poland.
Kazimierz Jakubiuk: Department of Mechatronics and High Voltage Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, W��asna Strzecha Street 18A, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
Piotr Tojza: Department of Mechatronics and High Voltage Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, W��asna Strzecha Street 18A, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
Jacek Jaworski: Department of Mechatronics and High Voltage Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, W��asna Strzecha Street 18A, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
Dominik Ambroziak: Department of Mechatronics and High Voltage Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, W��asna Strzecha Street 18A, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
��ukasz Skarbek: Department of Mechatronics and High Voltage Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, W��asna Strzecha Street 18A, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
Dawid Gradolewski: Department of Mechatronics and High Voltage Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, W��asna Strzecha Street 18A, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland. ORCID
Current technologies have become a source of omnipresent electromagnetic pollution from generated electromagnetic fields and resulting electromagnetic radiation. In many cases this pollution is much stronger than any natural sources of electromagnetic fields or radiation. The harm caused by this pollution is still open to question since there is no clear and definitive evidence of its negative influence on humans. This is despite the fact that extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields were classified as potentially carcinogenic. For these reasons, in recent decades a significant growth can be observed in scientific research in order to understand the influence of electromagnetic radiation on living organisms. However, for this type of research the appropriate selection of relevant model organisms is of great importance. It should be noted here that the great majority of scientific research papers published in this field concerned various tests performed on mammals, practically neglecting lower organisms. In that context the objective of this paper is to systematise our knowledge in this area, in which the influence of electromagnetic radiation on lower organisms was investigated, including bacteria, E. coli and B. subtilis, nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, land snail, Helix pomatia, common fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, and clawed frog, Xenopus laevis.
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