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Apr 30, 2015;7 (2): 736-62.

Lymphoma: immune evasion strategies.

Ranjan Upadhyay, Linda Hammerich, Paul Peng, Brian Brown, Miriam Merad, Joshua D Brody
Author Information
  1. Ranjan Upadhyay: Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA. ranjan.upadhyay@mssm.edu.
  2. Linda Hammerich: Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA. linda.hammerich@mssm.edu.
  3. Paul Peng: Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA. paul.peng@mssm.edu.
  4. Brian Brown: Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA. brian.brown@mssm.edu.
  5. Miriam Merad: Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA. miriam.merad@mssm.edu.
  6. Joshua D Brody: Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA. joshua.brody@mssm.edu.
PMID: 25941795 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7020736

Abstract

While the cellular origin of lymphoma is often characterized by chromosomal translocations and other genetic aberrations, its growth and development into a malignant neoplasm is highly dependent upon its ability to escape natural host defenses. Neoplastic cells interact with a variety of non-malignant cells in the tumor milieu to create an immunosuppressive microenvironment. The resulting functional impairment and dysregulation of tumor-associated immune cells not only allows for passive growth of the malignancy but may even provide active growth signals upon which the tumor subsequently becomes dependent. In the past decade, the success of immune checkpoint blockade and adoptive cell transfer for relapsed or refractory lymphomas has validated immunotherapy as a possible treatment cornerstone. Here, we review the mechanisms by which lymphomas have been found to evade and even reprogram the immune system, including alterations in surface molecules, recruitment of immunosuppressive subpopulations, and secretion of anti-inflammatory factors. A fundamental understanding of the immune evasion strategies utilized by lymphomas may lead to better prognostic markers and guide the development of targeted interventions that are both safer and more effective than current standards of care.

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Grants

  1. R01 CA173861/NCI NIH HHS
  2. R01 CA190400/NCI NIH HHS
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