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2016;11 (8): e0161852.

Transcriptional Differences between Diapausing and Non-Diapausing D. montana Females Reared under the Same Photoperiod and Temperature.

Maaria Kankare, Darren J Parker, Mikko Merisalo, Tiina S Salminen, Anneli Hoikkala
Author Information
  1. Maaria Kankare: Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä, Finland.
  2. Darren J Parker: Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä, Finland.
  3. Mikko Merisalo: Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä, Finland.
  4. Tiina S Salminen: BioMediTech, Biokatu 6, F1-33014, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
  5. Anneli Hoikkala: Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä, Finland.
PMID: 27571415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161852

Abstract

BACKGROUND: A wide range of insects living at higher latitudes enter diapause at the end of the warm season, which increases their chances of survival through harsh winter conditions. In this study we used RNA sequencing to identify genes involved in adult reproductive diapause in a northern fly species, Drosophila montana. Both diapausing and non-diapausing flies were reared under a critical day length and temperature, where about half of the emerging females enter diapause enabling us to eliminate the effects of varying environmental conditions on gene expression patterns of the two types of female flies.
RESULTS: RNA sequencing revealed large differences between gene expression patterns of diapausing and non-diapausing females, especially in genes involved with metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and metal and nucleotide binding. Differently expressed genes included several gene groups, including myosin, actin and cytochromeP450 genes, which have been previously associated with diapause. This study also identified new candidate genes, including some involved in cuticular hydrocarbon synthesis or regulation (desat1 and desat2), and acyl-CoA Δ11-desaturase activity (CG9747), and few odorant-binding protein genes (e.g. Obp44A). Also, several transposable elements (TEs) showed differential expression between the two female groups motivating future research on their roles in diapause.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that the adult reproductive diapause in D. montana involves changes in the expression level of a variety of genes involved in key processes (e.g. metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis) which help diapausing females to cope with overwintering. This is consistent with the view that diapause is a complex adaptive phenotype where not only sexual maturation is arrested, but also changes in adult physiology are required in order to survive over the winter.

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MeSH Term

Actins
Animals
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System
Diapause, Insect
Drosophila
Drosophila Proteins
Female
Metamorphosis, Biological
Myosins
Photoperiod
Reproduction
Temperature

Chemicals

Actins
Drosophila Proteins
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System
Myosins
Journal Article
Article has an altmetric score of 2

Word Cloud

Created with Highcharts 10.0.0diapausegenesinvolvedexpressionadultmontanadiapausingfemalesgeneenterwinterconditionsstudyRNAsequencingreproductivenon-diapausingfliespatternstwofemalemetabolismfattyacidbiosynthesisseveralgroupsincludingalsoegDchangesBACKGROUND:widerangeinsectslivinghigherlatitudesendwarmseasonincreaseschancessurvivalharshusedidentifynorthernflyspeciesDrosophilarearedcriticaldaylengthtemperaturehalfemergingenablinguseliminateeffectsvaryingenvironmentaltypesRESULTS:revealedlargedifferencesespeciallymetalnucleotidebindingDifferentlyexpressedincludedmyosinactincytochromeP450previouslyassociatedidentifiednewcandidatecuticularhydrocarbonsynthesisregulationdesat1desat2acyl-CoAΔ11-desaturaseactivityCG9747odorant-bindingproteinObp44AAlsotransposableelementsTEsshoweddifferentialmotivatingfutureresearchrolesCONCLUSIONS:resultsdemonstrateinvolveslevelvarietykeyprocesseshelpcopeoverwinteringconsistentviewcomplexadaptivephenotypesexualmaturationarrestedphysiologyrequiredordersurviveTranscriptionalDifferencesDiapausingNon-DiapausingFemalesRearedPhotoperiodTemperature

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