Impact of a Submaximal Warm-Up on Endurance Performance in Highly Trained and Competitive Male Runners.

Michael C Zourdos, Caleb D Bazyler, Edward Jo, Andy V Khamoui, Bong-Sup Park, Sang-Rok Lee, Lynn B Panton, Jeong-Su Kim
Author Information
  1. Michael C Zourdos: a Florida Atlantic University.
  2. Caleb D Bazyler: b East Tennessee State University.
  3. Edward Jo: c California State Polytechnic University , Pomona.
  4. Andy V Khamoui: a Florida Atlantic University.
  5. Bong-Sup Park: d Florida State University.
  6. Sang-Rok Lee: e New Mexico State University.
  7. Lynn B Panton: d Florida State University.
  8. Jeong-Su Kim: d Florida State University.

Abstract

PURPOSE: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of a submaximal running warm-up on running performance in male endurance athletes (n = 16, M = 21 ± 2 years, M = 69.3 ± 5.1 mL/kg/min).
METHOD: Endurance performance was determined by a 30-min distance trial after control and submaximal running warm-up conditions in a randomized crossover fashion. The warm-up began with 5 min of quiet sitting, followed by 6 min of submaximal running split into 2-min intervals at speeds corresponding to 45%, 55%, and 65% maximal oxygen consumption (VOmax). A 2-min walk at 3.2 km/hr concluded the 13-min warm-up protocol. For the control condition, participants sat quietly for 13 min. VO and heart rate (HR) were determined at Minutes 0, 5, and 13 of the pre-exercise protocol in each condition.
RESULTS: At the end of 13 min prior to the distance trial, mean VO (warm-up = 14.1 ± 2.2 mL/kg/min vs. control = 5.5 ± 1.7 mL/kg/min) and mean HR (warm-up = 105 ± 11 bpm vs. control = 67 ± 11 bpm) were statistically greater (p < .001) in the warm-up condition compared with the control condition. The distance run did not statistically differ (p = .37) between the warm-up (7.8 ± 0.5 km) and control (7.7 ± 0.6 km) conditions; however, effect size calculation revealed a small effect (d = 0.2) in favor of the warm-up condition. Thus, the warm-up employed may have important and practical implications to determine placing among high-level athletes in close races.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest a submaximal running warm-up may have a small but critical effect on a 30-min distance trial in competitive endurance athletes. Further, the warm-up elicited increases in physiological variables VO and HR prior to performance; thus, a submaximal specific warm-up should warrant consideration.

Keywords

MeSH Term

Body Temperature
Cross-Over Studies
Heart Rate
Humans
Male
Oxygen Consumption
Perception
Physical Endurance
Physical Exertion
Running
Warm-Up Exercise
Young Adult

Word Cloud

Created with Highcharts 10.0.0warm-uprunningsubmaximalconditionperformancedistancecontrolathletestrialVOHReffectenduranceEndurancedetermined30-minconditions2-minprotocol13 minratepriormeanvsstatistically7smallmayPURPOSE:purposeinvestigationexamineeffectsmalen = 16M = 21 ± 2yearsM = 693 ± 51 mL/kg/minMETHOD:randomizedcrossoverfashionbegan5 minquietsittingfollowed6 minsplitintervalsspeedscorresponding45%55%65%maximaloxygenconsumptionVOmaxwalk32 km/hrconcluded13-minparticipantssatquietlyheartMinutes0513pre-exerciseRESULTS:endwarm-up = 141 ± 22 mL/kg/mincontrol = 55 ± 17 mL/kg/minwarm-up = 105 ± 11 bpmcontrol = 67 ± 11 bpmgreaterp <001comparedrundifferp = 378 ± 05 km7 ± 06 kmhoweversizecalculationrevealedd = 02favorThusemployedimportantpracticalimplicationsdetermineplacingamonghigh-levelcloseracesCONCLUSIONS:findingssuggestcriticalcompetitiveelicitedincreasesphysiologicalvariablesthusspecificwarrantconsiderationImpactSubmaximalWarm-UpPerformanceHighlyTrainedCompetitiveMaleRunnersHeartVO2ratingperceivedexertion

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