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Nature
12 14, 2016;540 (7633): 395-399.

The seahorse genome and the evolution of its specialized morphology.

Qiang Lin, Shaohua Fan, Yanhong Zhang, Meng Xu, Huixian Zhang, Yulan Yang, Alison P Lee, Joost M Woltering, Vydianathan Ravi, Helen M Gunter, Wei Luo, Zexia Gao, Zhi Wei Lim, Geng Qin, Ralf F Schneider, Xin Wang, Peiwen Xiong, Gang Li, Kai Wang, Jiumeng Min, Chi Zhang, Ying Qiu, Jie Bai, Weiming He, Chao Bian, Xinhui Zhang, Dai Shan, Hongyue Qu, Ying Sun, Qiang Gao, Liangmin Huang, Qiong Shi, Axel Meyer, Byrappa Venkatesh
Author Information
  1. Qiang Lin: CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
  2. Shaohua Fan: Chair in Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78457, Germany.
  3. Yanhong Zhang: CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
  4. Meng Xu: BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.
  5. Huixian Zhang: CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
  6. Yulan Yang: BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.
  7. Alison P Lee: Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis, Singapore 138673, Singapore.
  8. Joost M Woltering: Chair in Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78457, Germany.
  9. Vydianathan Ravi: Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis, Singapore 138673, Singapore.
  10. Helen M Gunter: Chair in Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78457, Germany.
  11. Wei Luo: CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
  12. Zexia Gao: College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
  13. Zhi Wei Lim: Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis, Singapore 138673, Singapore.
  14. Geng Qin: CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
  15. Ralf F Schneider: Chair in Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78457, Germany.
  16. Xin Wang: CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
  17. Peiwen Xiong: Chair in Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78457, Germany.
  18. Gang Li: CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
  19. Kai Wang: School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
  20. Jiumeng Min: BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.
  21. Chi Zhang: BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.
  22. Ying Qiu: Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China.
  23. Jie Bai: Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China.
  24. Weiming He: BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.
  25. Chao Bian: Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China.
  26. Xinhui Zhang: Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China.
  27. Dai Shan: BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.
  28. Hongyue Qu: CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
  29. Ying Sun: Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China.
  30. Qiang Gao: BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.
  31. Liangmin Huang: CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
  32. Qiong Shi: CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
  33. Axel Meyer: Chair in Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78457, Germany.
  34. Byrappa Venkatesh: Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis, Singapore 138673, Singapore.
PMID: 27974754 DOI: 10.1038/nature20595

Abstract

Seahorses have a specialized morphology that includes a toothless tubular mouth, a body covered with bony plates, a male brood pouch, and the absence of caudal and pelvic fins. Here we report the sequencing and de novo assembly of the genome of the tiger tail seahorse, Hippocampus comes. Comparative genomic analysis identifies higher protein and nucleotide evolutionary rates in H. comes compared with other teleost fish genomes. We identified an astacin metalloprotease gene family that has undergone expansion and is highly expressed in the male brood pouch. We also find that the H. comes genome lacks enamel matrix protein-coding proline/glutamine-rich secretory calcium-binding phosphoprotein genes, which might have led to the loss of mineralized teeth. tbx4, a regulator of hindlimb development, is also not found in H. comes genome. Knockout of tbx4 in zebrafish showed a 'pelvic fin-loss' phenotype similar to that of Seahorses.

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MeSH Term

Animal Fins
Animals
Biological Evolution
Conserved Sequence
Fish Proteins
Gene Deletion
Genome
Genomics
Hindlimb
Male
Molecular Sequence Annotation
Multigene Family
Mutation Rate
Phylogeny
Reproduction
Smegmamorpha
T-Box Domain Proteins
Time Factors
Zebrafish Proteins

Chemicals

Fish Proteins
T-Box Domain Proteins
Zebrafish Proteins
tbx4 protein, zebrafish
Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Article has an altmetric score of 887

Word Cloud

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