In diffusion MRI, the outcome of estimation problems can often be improved by taking into account the correlation of diffusion-weighted images scanned with neighboring wavevectors in -space. For this purpose, we propose in this paper to employ tight wavelet frames constructed on non-flat domains for multi-scale sparse representation of diffusion signals. This representation is well suited for signals sampled regularly or irregularly, such as on a grid or on multiple shells, in -space. Using spectral graph theory, the frames are constructed based on quasi-affine systems (i.e., generalized dilations and shifts of a finite collection of wavelet functions) defined on graphs, which can be seen as a discrete representation of manifolds. The associated wavelet analysis and synthesis transforms can be computed efficiently and accurately without the need for explicit eigen-decomposition of the graph Laplacian, allowing scalability to very large problems. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this representation, generated using what we call , in two specific applications: denoising and super-resolution in -space using ℓ regularization. The associated optimization problem involves only thresholding and solving a trivial inverse problem in an iterative manner. The effectiveness of graph framelets is confirmed via evaluation using synthetic data with noncentral chi noise and real data with repeated scans.
