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04 24, 2017;7 (1): 1084.

Diversity and evolution of sex determination systems in terrestrial isopods.

Thomas Becking, Isabelle Giraud, Maryline Raimond, Bouziane Moumen, Christopher Chandler, Richard Cordaux, Clément Gilbert
Author Information
  1. Thomas Becking: Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France.
  2. Isabelle Giraud: Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France.
  3. Maryline Raimond: Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France.
  4. Bouziane Moumen: Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France.
  5. Christopher Chandler: Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY Oswego, Oswego, New York, 13126, USA.
  6. Richard Cordaux: Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France. richard.cordaux@univ-poitiers.fr.
  7. Clément Gilbert: Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France. clement.gilbert@univ-poitiers.fr.
PMID: 28439127 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01195-4

Abstract

Sex determination systems are highly variable in many taxa, sometimes even between closely related species. Yet the number and direction of transitions between these systems have seldom been characterized, and the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Here we generated transcriptomes for 19 species of terrestrial isopod crustaceans, many of which are infected by Wolbachia bacterial endosymbionts. Using 88 single-copy orthologous genes, we reconstructed a fully resolved and dated phylogeny of terrestrial isopods. An original approach involving crossings of sex-reversed individuals allowed us to characterize the heterogametic systems of five species (one XY/XX and four ZW/ZZ). Mapping of these and previously known heterogametic systems onto the terrestrial isopod phylogeny revealed between 3 and 13 transitions of sex determination systems during the evolution of these taxa, most frequently from female to male heterogamety. Our results support that WW individuals are viable in many species, suggesting sex chromosomes are at an incipient stage of their evolution. Together, these data are consistent with the hypothesis that nucleo-cytoplasmic conflicts generated by Wolbachia endosymbionts triggered recurrent turnovers of sex determination systems in terrestrial isopods. They further establish terrestrial isopods as a model to study evolutionary transitions in sex determination systems and pave the way to molecularly characterize these systems.

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MeSH Term

Animals
Evolution, Molecular
Gene Expression Profiling
Genetic Variation
Isopoda
Phylogeny
Sex Characteristics
Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Article has an altmetric score of 17

Word Cloud

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