Urinary organophosphate insecticide metabolite concentrations during pregnancy and children's interpersonal, communication, repetitive, and stereotypic behaviors at 8 years of age: The home study.
Marisa E Millenson, Joseph M Braun, Antonia M Calafat, Dana Boyd Barr, Yen-Tsung Huang, Aimin Chen, Bruce P Lanphear, Kimberly Yolton
Author Information
Marisa E Millenson: Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
Joseph M Braun: Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA. Electronic address: joseph_braun_1@brown.edu.
Antonia M Calafat: Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Dana Boyd Barr: Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Yen-Tsung Huang: Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
Aimin Chen: Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Bruce P Lanphear: Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada.
Kimberly Yolton: Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
BACKGROUND: Prenatal exposure to organophosphate insecticides may be associated with autism spectrum disorders and related behaviors. This association may be modified by single nucleotide polymorphisms in the paraoxonase (PON1) enzyme. OBJECTIVE: We examined the relationship of prenatal organophosphate insecticide biomarkers with reciprocal social, repetitive, and stereotypic behaviors in 8-year old children, and modification of this relationship by child PON1 polymorphisms. METHODS: Among 224 pregnant women, we quantified concentrations of six nonspecific dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites of organophosphate insecticides in two urine samples collected at ~16 and ~26 weeks gestation. When children were eight years old, we administered the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), a continuous measure of various dimensions of interpersonal behavior, communication, and repetitive/stereotypic behaviors. We estimated the association between a 10-fold increase in the sum of six DAP concentrations (ΣDAP) and SRS scores. We examined whether child PON1 and PON1 genotypes modified this association. RESULTS: After covariate adjustment, ΣDAP concentrations were not associated with SRS scores [β=-1.2; 95% confidence interval (CI): -4.0, 1.6]. Among children with the PON1 genotype, ΣDAP concentrations were associated with 2.5-point higher (95% CI: -4.9, 9.8) SRS scores; however, the association was not different from the 1.8-point decrease (95% CI: -5.8, 2.2) among children with PON1 genotypes (ΣDAP × PON1 p-value =0.54). The association between ΣDAP concentrations and SRS scores was not modified by PON1 (ΣDAP × PON1 p-value =0.89). CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort, prenatal urinary DAP concentrations were not associated with children's social behaviors; these associations were not modified by child PON1 genotype.
