3D Printing is a Transformative Technology in Congenital Heart Disease.

Shafkat Anwar, Gautam K Singh, Jacob Miller, Monica Sharma, Peter Manning, Joseph J Billadello, Pirooz Eghtesady, Pamela K Woodard
Author Information
  1. Shafkat Anwar: Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
  2. Gautam K Singh: Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
  3. Jacob Miller: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
  4. Monica Sharma: Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
  5. Peter Manning: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
  6. Joseph J Billadello: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
  7. Pirooz Eghtesady: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
  8. Pamela K Woodard: Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.

Abstract

Survival in congenital heart disease has steadily improved since 1938, when Dr. Robert Gross successfully ligated for the first time a patent ductus arteriosus in a 7-year-old child. To continue the gains made over the past 80 years, transformative changes with broad impact are needed in management of congenital heart disease. Three-dimensional printing is an emerging technology that is fundamentally affecting patient care, research, trainee education, and interactions among medical teams, patients, and caregivers. This paper first reviews key clinical cases where the technology has affected patient care. It then discusses 3-dimensional printing in trainee education. Thereafter, the role of this technology in communication with multidisciplinary teams, patients, and caregivers is described. Finally, the paper reviews translational technologies on the horizon that promise to take this nascent field even further.

Keywords

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