Conjugative Transfer of a Novel Staphylococcal Plasmid Encoding the Biocide Resistance Gene, .
Patrick T LaBreck, Gregory K Rice, Adrian C Paskey, Emad M Elassal, Regina Z Cer, Natasha N Law, Carey D Schlett, Jason W Bennett, Eugene V Millar, Michael W Ellis, Theron Hamilton, Kimberly A Bishop-Lilly, D Scott Merrell
Author Information
Patrick T LaBreck: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Gregory K Rice: Naval Medical Research Center, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Fort Detrick, MD, United States.
Adrian C Paskey: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Emad M Elassal: Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, MD, United States.
Regina Z Cer: Naval Medical Research Center, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Fort Detrick, MD, United States.
Natasha N Law: Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, MD, United States.
Carey D Schlett: Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, MD, United States.
Jason W Bennett: Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States.
Eugene V Millar: Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, MD, United States.
Michael W Ellis: University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States.
Theron Hamilton: Naval Medical Research Center, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Fort Detrick, MD, United States.
Kimberly A Bishop-Lilly: Naval Medical Research Center, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Fort Detrick, MD, United States.
D Scott Merrell: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.
is the leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI). Some strains harbor plasmids that carry genes that affect resistance to biocides. Among these genes, encodes the QacA Multidrug Efflux Pump that imparts decreased susceptibility to chlorhexidine, a biocide used ubiquitously in healthcare facilities. Furthermore, chlorhexidine has been considered as a decolonization strategy in community settings. We previously conducted a chlorhexidine-based SSTI prevention trial among Ft. Benning Army trainees. Analysis of a clinical isolate (C02) from that trial identified a novel -positive plasmid, pC02. Prior characterization of -containing plasmids is limited and conjugative transfer of those plasmids has not been demonstrated. Given the implications of increased biocide resistance, herein we characterized pC02. analysis identified genes typically associated with conjugative plasmids. Moreover, pC02 was efficiently transferred to numerous strains and to . We screened additional -positive clinical isolates and pC02 was present in 27% of those strains; other unique -harboring plasmids were also identified. Ten strains were subjected to whole genome sequencing. Sequence analysis combined with plasmid screening studies suggest that -containing strains are transmitted among military personnel at Ft. Benning and that strains carrying are associated with SSTIs within this population. The identification of a novel mechanism of conjugative transfer among Staphylococcal strains suggests a possible future increase in the prevalence of antiseptic tolerant bacterial strains, and an increase in the rate of infections in settings where these agents are commonly used.
