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American journal of public health
02, 2019;109 (2): 289-295.

Police-Related Correlates of Client-Perpetrated Violence Among Female Sex Workers in Baltimore City, Maryland.

Katherine H A Footer, Ju Nyeong Park, Sean T Allen, Michele R Decker, Bradley E Silberzahn, Steve Huettner, Noya Galai, Susan G Sherman
Author Information
  1. Katherine H A Footer: Katherine H. A. Footer is with the Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, and the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. Ju Nyeong Park, Sean T. Allen, and Bradley E. Silberzahn are with the Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Michele R. Decker is with Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Population, Family, and Reproductive Health; and School of Nursing. Steve Huettner is with Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. Noya Galai is with the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Susan G. Sherman is with the Departments of Health, Behavior, and Society; Population, Family, and Reproductive Health; and Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
  2. Ju Nyeong Park: Katherine H. A. Footer is with the Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, and the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. Ju Nyeong Park, Sean T. Allen, and Bradley E. Silberzahn are with the Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Michele R. Decker is with Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Population, Family, and Reproductive Health; and School of Nursing. Steve Huettner is with Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. Noya Galai is with the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Susan G. Sherman is with the Departments of Health, Behavior, and Society; Population, Family, and Reproductive Health; and Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
  3. Sean T Allen: Katherine H. A. Footer is with the Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, and the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. Ju Nyeong Park, Sean T. Allen, and Bradley E. Silberzahn are with the Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Michele R. Decker is with Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Population, Family, and Reproductive Health; and School of Nursing. Steve Huettner is with Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. Noya Galai is with the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Susan G. Sherman is with the Departments of Health, Behavior, and Society; Population, Family, and Reproductive Health; and Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
  4. Michele R Decker: Katherine H. A. Footer is with the Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, and the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. Ju Nyeong Park, Sean T. Allen, and Bradley E. Silberzahn are with the Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Michele R. Decker is with Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Population, Family, and Reproductive Health; and School of Nursing. Steve Huettner is with Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. Noya Galai is with the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Susan G. Sherman is with the Departments of Health, Behavior, and Society; Population, Family, and Reproductive Health; and Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
  5. Bradley E Silberzahn: Katherine H. A. Footer is with the Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, and the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. Ju Nyeong Park, Sean T. Allen, and Bradley E. Silberzahn are with the Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Michele R. Decker is with Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Population, Family, and Reproductive Health; and School of Nursing. Steve Huettner is with Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. Noya Galai is with the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Susan G. Sherman is with the Departments of Health, Behavior, and Society; Population, Family, and Reproductive Health; and Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
  6. Steve Huettner: Katherine H. A. Footer is with the Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, and the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. Ju Nyeong Park, Sean T. Allen, and Bradley E. Silberzahn are with the Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Michele R. Decker is with Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Population, Family, and Reproductive Health; and School of Nursing. Steve Huettner is with Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. Noya Galai is with the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Susan G. Sherman is with the Departments of Health, Behavior, and Society; Population, Family, and Reproductive Health; and Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
  7. Noya Galai: Katherine H. A. Footer is with the Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, and the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. Ju Nyeong Park, Sean T. Allen, and Bradley E. Silberzahn are with the Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Michele R. Decker is with Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Population, Family, and Reproductive Health; and School of Nursing. Steve Huettner is with Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. Noya Galai is with the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Susan G. Sherman is with the Departments of Health, Behavior, and Society; Population, Family, and Reproductive Health; and Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
  8. Susan G Sherman: Katherine H. A. Footer is with the Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, and the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. Ju Nyeong Park, Sean T. Allen, and Bradley E. Silberzahn are with the Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Michele R. Decker is with Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Population, Family, and Reproductive Health; and School of Nursing. Steve Huettner is with Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. Noya Galai is with the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Susan G. Sherman is with the Departments of Health, Behavior, and Society; Population, Family, and Reproductive Health; and Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
PMID: 30571295 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2018.304809

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To characterize interactions that female sex workers (FSWs) have with the police and explore associations with client-perpetrated violence.
METHODS: Baseline data were collected April 2016 to January 2017 from 250 FSWs from the Sex Workers and Police Promoting Health in Risky Environments (SAPPHIRE) study based in Baltimore, Maryland. Interviewer-administered questionnaires captured different patrol or enforcement and abusive police encounters, experiences of client-perpetrated violence, and other risk factors, including drug use. We conducted bivariate and multivariable analysis in Stata/SE version 14.2 (StataCorp LP, College Station, TX).
RESULTS: Of participants, 78% reported lifetime abusive police encounters, 41% reported daily or weekly encounters of any type. In the previous 3 months, 22% experienced client-perpetrated violence. Heroin users (70% of participants) reported more abusive encounters (2.5 vs 1.6; P < .001) and more client-perpetrated violence (26% vs 12%; P = .02) than others. In multivariable analysis, each additional type of abusive interaction was associated with 1.3 times (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1, 1.5) increased odds of client-perpetrated violence. For patrol or enforcement encounters, this value was 1.3 (95% CI = 1.0, 1.7).
CONCLUSIONS: Frequent exposures to abusive police practices appear to contribute to an environment where client-perpetrated violence is regularly experienced. For FSWs who inject drugs, police exposure and client-perpetrated violence appear amplified. Public Health Implications. Structural interventions that address police-FSW interactions will help alleviate police's negative impact on FSWs' work environment.

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Grants

  1. R01 DA038499/NIDA NIH HHS

MeSH Term

Adolescent
Adult
Baltimore
Female
Humans
Middle Aged
Police
Risk Factors
Sex Workers
Substance-Related Disorders
Violence
Young Adult
Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Article has an altmetric score of 39

Word Cloud

Created with Highcharts 10.0.0client-perpetratedviolence1policeabusiveencountersFSWsreported3interactionsSexWorkersHealthBaltimoreMarylandpatrolenforcementmultivariableanalysis2participantstypeexperienced5vs95%appearenvironmentOBJECTIVES:characterizefemalesexworkersexploreassociationsMETHODS:BaselinedatacollectedApril2016January2017250PolicePromotingRiskyEnvironmentsSAPPHIREstudybasedInterviewer-administeredquestionnairescaptureddifferentexperiencesriskfactorsincludingdruguseconductedbivariateStata/SEversion14StataCorpLPCollegeStationTXRESULTS:78%lifetime41%dailyweeklypreviousmonths22%Heroinusers70%6P <00126%12%P = 02othersadditionalinteractionassociatedtimesconfidenceinterval[CI] = 1increasedoddsvalueCI = 107CONCLUSIONS:FrequentexposurespracticescontributeregularlyinjectdrugsexposureamplifiedPublicImplicationsStructuralinterventionsaddresspolice-FSWwillhelpalleviatepolice'snegativeimpactFSWs'workPolice-RelatedCorrelatesClient-PerpetratedViolenceAmongFemaleCity

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