Causal Mediation Analysis for Standardized Mortality Ratios.
Katherine Daignault, Keith A Lawson, Antonio Finelli, Olli Saarela
Author Information
Katherine Daignault: From the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Keith A Lawson: Division of Urology, Departments of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre - University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Antonio Finelli: Division of Urology, Departments of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre - University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Olli Saarela: From the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Indirectly standardized mortality ratios (SMR) are often used to compare patient outcomes between health care providers as indicators of quality of care. Observed differences in the outcomes raise the question of whether these could be causally attributable to earlier processes or outcomes in the pathway of care that the patients received. Such pathways can be naturally addressed in a causal mediation analysis framework. Adopting causal mediation models allows the total provider effect on outcome to be decomposed into direct and indirect (mediated) effects. This in turn enables quantification of the improvement in patient outcomes due to a hypothetical intervention on the mediator. We formulate the effect decomposition for the indirectly standardized SMR when comparing to a health care system-wide average performance, propose novel model-based and semiparametric estimators for the decomposition, study the properties of these through simulations, and demonstrate their use through application to Ontario kidney cancer data.
