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International journal of molecular sciences
Jun 18, 2019;20 (12):

Multifaceted Role of the Placental Growth Factor (PlGF) in the Antitumor Immune Response and Cancer Progression.

Loredana Albonici, Maria Gabriella Giganti, Andrea Modesti, Vittorio Manzari, Roberto Bei
Author Information
  1. Loredana Albonici: Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy. albonici@med.uniroma2.it.
  2. Maria Gabriella Giganti: Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy. giganti@med.uniroma2.it.
  3. Andrea Modesti: Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy. modesti@med.uniroma2.it.
  4. Vittorio Manzari: Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy. manzari@med.uniroma2.it.
  5. Roberto Bei: Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy. bei@med.uniroma2.it. ORCID
PMID: 31216652 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122970

Abstract

The sharing of molecules function that affects both tumor growth and neoangiogenesis with cells of the immune system creates a mutual interplay that impairs the host's immune response against tumor progression. Increasing evidence shows that tumors are able to create an immunosuppressive microenvironment by recruiting specific immune cells. Moreover, molecules produced by tumor and inflammatory cells in the tumor microenvironment create an immunosuppressive milieu able to inhibit the development of an efficient immune response against cancer cells and thus fostering tumor growth and progression. In addition, the immunoediting could select cancer cells that are less immunogenic or more resistant to lysis. In this review, we summarize recent findings regarding the immunomodulatory effects and cancer progression of the angiogenic growth factor namely placental growth factor (PlGF) and address the biological complex effects of this cytokine. Different pathways of the innate and adaptive immune response in which, directly or indirectly, PlGF is involved in promoting tumor immune escape and metastasis will be described. PlGF is important for building up vascular structures and functions. Although PlGF effects on vascular and tumor growth have been widely summarized, its functions in modulating the immune intra-tumoral microenvironment have been less highlighted. In agreement with PlGF functions, different antitumor strategies can be envisioned.

Keywords

PlGF VEGF VEGFR cancer progression

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Grants

  1. Codice Unico di Progetto (CUP): E81I18000330005/University of Rome "Tor Vergata" (Mission Sustainability)

MeSH Term

Angiogenesis Inducing Agents
Animals
Disease Progression
Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
Humans
Immunologic Surveillance
Immunomodulation
Molecular Targeted Therapy
Neoplasms
Neovascularization, Pathologic
Placenta Growth Factor
Receptors, Neuropeptide
Signal Transduction

Chemicals

Angiogenesis Inducing Agents
Receptors, Neuropeptide
Placenta Growth Factor
Journal Article Review

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Created with Highcharts 10.0.0tumorimmunePlGFgrowthcellsprogressioncancerresponsemicroenvironmenteffectsfunctionsmoleculesablecreateimmunosuppressivelessfactorvascularsharingfunctionaffectsneoangiogenesissystemcreatesmutualinterplayimpairshost'sIncreasingevidenceshowstumorsrecruitingspecificMoreoverproducedinflammatorymilieuinhibitdevelopmentefficientthusfosteringadditionimmunoeditingselectimmunogenicresistantlysisreviewsummarizerecentfindingsregardingimmunomodulatoryangiogenicnamelyplacentaladdressbiologicalcomplexcytokineDifferentpathwaysinnateadaptivedirectlyindirectlyinvolvedpromotingescapemetastasiswilldescribedimportantbuildingstructuresAlthoughwidelysummarizedmodulatingintra-tumoralhighlightedagreementdifferentantitumorstrategiescanenvisionedMultifacetedRolePlacentalGrowthFactorAntitumorImmuneResponseCancerProgressionVEGFVEGFR

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