Radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation-induced behavioral changes and their possible basis.
Sareesh Naduvil Narayanan, Raghu Jetti, Kavindra Kumar Kesari, Raju Suresh Kumar, Satheesha B Nayak, P Gopalakrishna Bhat
Author Information
Sareesh Naduvil Narayanan: Department of Physiology, RAK College of Medical Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, PO Box 11172, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE. sareeshnn@yahoo.co.in. ORCID
Raghu Jetti: Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Kavindra Kumar Kesari: Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
Raju Suresh Kumar: Department of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Health Professions-Jeddah, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, National Guard Health Affairs, P. O. Box 9515, Jeddah, 21423, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Satheesha B Nayak: Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.
P Gopalakrishna Bhat: Division of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576 104, India.
The primary objective of mobile phone technology is to achieve communication with any person at any place and time. In the modern era, it is impossible to ignore the usefulness of mobile phone technology in cases of emergency as many lives have been saved. However, the biological effects they may have on humans and other animals have been largely ignored and not been evaluated comprehensively. One of the reasons for this is the speedy uncontrollable growth of this technology which has surpassed our researching ability. Initiated with the first generation, the mobile telephony currently reaches to its fifth generation without being screened extensively for any biological effects that they may have on humans or on other animals. Mounting evidences suggest possible non-thermal biological effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) on brain and behavior. Behavioral studies have particularly concentrated on the effects of RF-EMR on learning, memory, anxiety, and locomotion. The literature analysis on behavioral effects of RF-EMR demonstrates complex picture with conflicting observations. Nonetheless, numerous reports suggest a possible behavioral effect of RF-EMR. The scientific findings about this issue are presented in the current review. The possible neural and molecular mechanisms for the behavioral effects have been proposed in the light of available evidences from the literature.
