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Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR
02, 2020;64 (2): 69-92.

The effects of physical activity or sport-based interventions on psychological factors in adults with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review.

R Z Bondár, S di Fronso, L Bortoli, C Robazza, G S Metsios, M Bertollo
Author Information
  1. R Z Bondár: BIND-Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy.
  2. S di Fronso: BIND-Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy. ORCID
  3. L Bortoli: BIND-Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy.
  4. C Robazza: BIND-Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy. ORCID
  5. G S Metsios: Institute of Sport, Faculty of Education Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall, UK. ORCID
  6. M Bertollo: BIND-Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy. ORCID
PMID: 31833138 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12699

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Inactivity is a major factor contributing to adverse health in people with intellectual disabilities (IDs). While it is generally agreed that physical activity (PA)/sport-based interventions promote cognitive and social development in the general population, little is known about their specific benefits in adults with ID. The aims of this systematic review were (a) to examine the effects of PA/sport-based interventions on intention, motivation and attitude regarding PA/sport participation in adults with ID and (b) to investigate the influence of these psychological factors on behavioural change (e.g. PA level) and quality of life.
METHODS: A systematic review has been conducted searching four electronic databases (i.e. SCOPUS, Web of Science, PubMed and Cochrane Library). Studies were included if written in English, peer reviewed, had primary research data, and measured intention, motivation, attitude, behavioural outcomes or quality of life.
RESULTS: Thirteen articles met our inclusion criteria of which 10 explored the effects of PA/sport as part of a multi-component intervention. Most investigated outcomes were exercise self-efficacy and quality of life. Five studies measured exercise self-efficacy, and four of them found significant changes. One study found a significant improvement in quality of life and another study in life satisfaction. We observed lack of sport-based interventions, few data about people with severe ID and limited psychological measures.
CONCLUSIONS: Personal and environmental factors are key components of behavioural change. Support of caregivers and individualised instructions may benefit exercise self-efficacy. There is lack of information about the effects of psychological factors on behavioural change and quality of life in adults with ID.

Keywords

adult behavioural change exercise intellectual disability mental retardation quality of life

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MeSH Term

Exercise
Exercise Therapy
Health Behavior
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
Humans
Intellectual Disability
Motivation
Persons with Intellectual Disabilities
Quality of Life
Sports
Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Systematic Review
Article has an altmetric score of 5

Word Cloud

Created with Highcharts 10.0.0lifequalitybehaviouralinterventionsadultsIDeffectspsychologicalfactorschangeexerciseintellectualsystematicreviewself-efficacypeoplephysicalactivityPAintentionmotivationattitudePA/sportefourdatameasuredoutcomesfoundsignificantstudylacksport-basedBACKGROUND:InactivitymajorfactorcontributingadversehealthdisabilitiesIDsgenerallyagreed/sport-basedpromotecognitivesocialdevelopmentgeneralpopulationlittleknownspecificbenefitsaimsexaminePA/sport-basedregardingparticipationbinvestigateinfluenceglevelMETHODS:conductedsearchingelectronicdatabasesiSCOPUSWebSciencePubMedCochraneLibraryStudiesincludedwrittenEnglishpeerreviewedprimaryresearchRESULTS:Thirteenarticlesmetinclusioncriteria10exploredpartmulti-componentinterventioninvestigatedFivestudieschangesOneimprovementanothersatisfactionobservedseverelimitedmeasuresCONCLUSIONS:PersonalenvironmentalkeycomponentsSupportcaregiversindividualisedinstructionsmaybenefitinformationdisabilities:adultdisabilitymentalretardation

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