High frequency of Chlamydia pneumoniae and risk factors in children with acute respiratory infection.
Matheus Silva Alves, Marilha da Silva Cariolano, Hivylla Lorrana Dos Santos Ferreira, Elen Sousa de Abreu Silva, Karen Karollynny Pereira Felipe, Silvio Gomes Monteiro, Eduardo Martins de Sousa, Afonso Gomes Abreu, Lee Ann Campbell, Michael E Rosenfeld, Mario Hiroyuki Hirata, Rosario Dominguez Crespo Hirata, Gisele Medeiros Bastos, Ilana Cristina de Paula Abreu Silva, Lidio Gonçalves Lima-Neto
Author Information
Matheus Silva Alves: Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, Rua dos Castanheiros, no. 1, Renascença II, Sao Luis, MA, 65075-120, Brazil.
Marilha da Silva Cariolano: Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, Rua dos Castanheiros, no. 1, Renascença II, Sao Luis, MA, 65075-120, Brazil.
Hivylla Lorrana Dos Santos Ferreira: Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, Rua dos Castanheiros, no. 1, Renascença II, Sao Luis, MA, 65075-120, Brazil.
Elen Sousa de Abreu Silva: Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, Rua dos Castanheiros, no. 1, Renascença II, Sao Luis, MA, 65075-120, Brazil.
Karen Karollynny Pereira Felipe: Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, Rua dos Castanheiros, no. 1, Renascença II, Sao Luis, MA, 65075-120, Brazil.
Silvio Gomes Monteiro: Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, Rua dos Castanheiros, no. 1, Renascença II, Sao Luis, MA, 65075-120, Brazil.
Eduardo Martins de Sousa: Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, Rua dos Castanheiros, no. 1, Renascença II, Sao Luis, MA, 65075-120, Brazil.
Afonso Gomes Abreu: Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, Rua dos Castanheiros, no. 1, Renascença II, Sao Luis, MA, 65075-120, Brazil.
Lee Ann Campbell: Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Michael E Rosenfeld: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Mario Hiroyuki Hirata: Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Rosario Dominguez Crespo Hirata: Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Gisele Medeiros Bastos: Institute Dante Pazzanese of Cardiology, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Ilana Cristina de Paula Abreu Silva: Curso de Medicina, Universidade CEUMA, Sao Luis, MA, Brazil.
Lidio Gonçalves Lima-Neto: Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, Rua dos Castanheiros, no. 1, Renascença II, Sao Luis, MA, 65075-120, Brazil. lidio.neto@outlook.com. ORCID
This study was performed as a contribution for a better understanding of Chlamydia pneumoniae frequency in children with respiratory infections. A total of 416 children were recruited from two clinical centers in Sao Luis, Brazil. Of these patients, 165 children had upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), 150 had community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), and 101 were asymptomatic volunteer children. Clinical and epidemiological data from the participants were recorded. Nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected to extract DNA. C. pneumoniae DNA positivity and copy numbers were obtained by an absolute quantitative real-time PCR method. RESULTS: Positivity for C. pneumoniae DNA was higher in samples from URTI children (38.2%) and from CAP children (18.0%) than in those from the control group (7.9%; p < 0.001). Moreover, C. pneumoniae DNA was denser in children with URTI than in asymptomatic children. Considering the cutoff, the highest value of C. pneumoniae DNA found in asymptomatic children of the 3.98 log10 copies/mL, 8.5% (14/165) of the children with URTI, and 3.3% (5/150) with CAP presented high copy numbers of C. pneumoniae DNA. CONCLUSION: Taken together, these results revealed a high frequency of C. pneumoniae in both children with URTI and CAP.
