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Feb 04, 2020;10 (2):

Combining HF rTMS over the Left DLPFC with Concurrent Cognitive Activity for the Offline Modulation of Working Memory in Healthy Volunteers: A Proof-of-Concept Study.

Ilya Bakulin, Alfiia Zabirova, Dmitry Lagoda, Alexandra Poydasheva, Anastasiia Cherkasova, Nikolay Pavlov, Peter Kopnin, Dmitry Sinitsyn, Elena Kremneva, Maxim Fedorov, Elena Gnedovskaya, Natalia Suponeva, Michael Piradov
Author Information
  1. Ilya Bakulin: Research Center of Neurology, Volokolamskoe shosse, 80, Moscow 125367, Russia.
  2. Alfiia Zabirova: Research Center of Neurology, Volokolamskoe shosse, 80, Moscow 125367, Russia.
  3. Dmitry Lagoda: Research Center of Neurology, Volokolamskoe shosse, 80, Moscow 125367, Russia.
  4. Alexandra Poydasheva: Research Center of Neurology, Volokolamskoe shosse, 80, Moscow 125367, Russia.
  5. Anastasiia Cherkasova: Research Center of Neurology, Volokolamskoe shosse, 80, Moscow 125367, Russia.
  6. Nikolay Pavlov: Research Center of Neurology, Volokolamskoe shosse, 80, Moscow 125367, Russia.
  7. Peter Kopnin: Research Center of Neurology, Volokolamskoe shosse, 80, Moscow 125367, Russia.
  8. Dmitry Sinitsyn: Research Center of Neurology, Volokolamskoe shosse, 80, Moscow 125367, Russia.
  9. Elena Kremneva: Research Center of Neurology, Volokolamskoe shosse, 80, Moscow 125367, Russia.
  10. Maxim Fedorov: Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard, 30, bld. 1, territory of innovation center «Skolkovo», Moscow 121205, Russia.
  11. Elena Gnedovskaya: Research Center of Neurology, Volokolamskoe shosse, 80, Moscow 125367, Russia.
  12. Natalia Suponeva: Research Center of Neurology, Volokolamskoe shosse, 80, Moscow 125367, Russia.
  13. Michael Piradov: Research Center of Neurology, Volokolamskoe shosse, 80, Moscow 125367, Russia.
PMID: 32033106 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10020083

Abstract

It has been proposed that the effectiveness of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) as a cognitive enhancement technique may be enhanced by combining the stimulation with concurrent cognitive activity. However, the benefits of such a combination in comparison to protocols without ongoing cognitive activity have not yet been studied. In the present study, we investigate the effects of fMRI-guided high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF rTMS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on working memory (WM) in healthy volunteers, using an n-back task with spatial and verbal stimuli and a spatial span task. In two combined protocols (TMS + WM + (maintenance) and TMS + WM + (rest)) trains of stimuli were applied in the maintenance and rest periods of the modified Sternberg task, respectively. We compared them to HF rTMS without a cognitive load (TMS + WM-) and control stimulation (TMS - WM + (maintenance)). No serious adverse effects appeared in this study. Among all protocols, significant effects on WM were shown only for the TMS + WM- with oppositely directed influences of this protocol on storage and manipulation in spatial WM. Moreover, there was a significant difference between the effects of TMS + WM- and TMS + WM + (maintenance), suggesting that simultaneous cognitive activity does not necessarily lead to an increase in TMS effects.

Keywords

N-back task cognitive enhancement cognitive function cognitive training dorsolateral prefrontal cortex neuromodulation non-invasive brain stimulation transcranial magnetic stimulation working memory

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Journal Article
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