Understanding Gender Sensitivity of the Health Care Workforce at the Veterans Health Administration.
Claire Than, Emmeline Chuang, Donna L Washington, Jack Needleman, Ismelda Canelo, Lisa S Meredith, Elizabeth M Yano
Author Information
Claire Than: VA Health Services Research & Development (HSR&D) Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation, and Policy, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California; Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California.
Emmeline Chuang: Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California.
Donna L Washington: VA Health Services Research & Development (HSR&D) Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation, and Policy, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California; Department of Medicine, Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California.
Jack Needleman: Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California.
Ismelda Canelo: VA Health Services Research & Development (HSR&D) Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation, and Policy, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California.
Lisa S Meredith: RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California.
Elizabeth M Yano: VA Health Services Research & Development (HSR&D) Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation, and Policy, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California; Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California. Electronic address: Elizabeth.Yano@va.gov.
BACKGROUND: Gender sensitivity of providers and staff has assumed increasing importance in closing historical gender disparities in health care quality and outcomes. The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has implemented several initiatives intended to improve gender sensitivity of its health care workforce. The current study examines practice- and individual-level characteristics associated with gender sensitivity of primary care providers (PCPs) and staff. METHODS: We surveyed PCPs and staff (nurses, medical assistants, and clerks) at 12 VA medical centers (VAMCs) (n = 256 of 649; response rate, 39%). Gender sensitivity was measured using a 10-item scale adapted from the Gender Awareness Inventory-VA. We used weighted multivariate regression with maximum likelihood estimation to identify individual- and practice-level characteristics associated with gender sensitivity of PCPs and staff. RESULTS: PCPs and staff had similar gender sensitivity but differed in most characteristics associated with that gender sensitivity. Among PCPs, women's health training and positive communication with others in the clinic were associated with greater gender sensitivity. For staff, prior work experience caring for women, working in Women's Health Patient-Aligned Care Teams, and rural location were associated with greater gender sensitivity, whereas more years of VA service was associated with lower gender sensitivity. Working at VA medical centers with a higher volume of women veteran patients was associated with greater gender sensitivity for both PCPs and staff. CONCLUSIONS: Women's health training and experience in working with other women's health professionals are strongly correlated with greater gender sensitivity in the clinical workforce.
