OpenLB
Open Library of Bioscience
Advanced Search
Journal of occupational rehabilitation
12, 2020;30 (4): 575-587.

Job Crafting Among American Workers with Disabilities.

Debra L Brucker, Vidya Sundar
Author Information
  1. Debra L Brucker: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability, 10 West Edge Drive, Suite 101, Durham, NH, 03824, USA. debra.brucker@unh.edu.
  2. Vidya Sundar: University of New Hampshire, Occupational Therapy Department, 115 Hewitt Hall, 4 Library Way, Durham, NH, 03824, USA.
PMID: 32285354 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-020-09889-9

Abstract

Purpose Job crafting is an informal, employee-initiated approach to job re-design that has not been tested among people with disabilities, thus far. The purpose of this study is to examine crafting behaviors of workers with disabilities and individual factors associated with crafting behaviors. Methods We conducted a survey of employees with disabilities who were 18-64 years old and had at least 1 year of work experience. Bivariate and multivariate methods were used to: (1) compare the use of job crafting behaviors between our sample and published results from a sample of the general population; (2) identify individual characteristics associated with job crafting for workers with disabilities. Results Persons with disabilities engage in job crafting behaviors, albeit at lower levels than that reported in a broader sample (Int J Wellbeing, https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v3i2.1 , 2013). Education, and disability type (visual and mobility impairment) were associated with certain types of crafting behaviors. Conclusions As job crafting can be associated with higher levels of engagement and career growth among persons without disabilities, findings from this research can be utilized to design programs and policies that support the career goals of people with disabilities beyond labor force participation.

Keywords

Disability Employment Job crafting Work

References

  1. Lauer E, Houtenville A. Annual disability statistics compendium. 2017. https://disabilitycompendium.org/compendium/2017-annual-disability-statistics-compendium . Accessed 15 Dec 2019.
  2. Sevak P, Houtenville A, Brucker DL, O’Neill J, Ben-Shalom Y. Individual characteristics and the disability employment gap. J Disabil Policy Stud. 2015;26(2):80–88. https://doi.org/10.1177/1044207315585823 . [DOI: 10.1177/1044207315585823]
  3. Sundar V, O’Neill J, Houtenville AJ, Phillips KG, Keirns T, Smith A, Katz EE. Striving to work and overcoming barriers: employment strategies and successes of people with disabilities. J Vocat Rehabil. 2018;48(1):93–109. https://doi.org/10.3233/JVR-170918 . [DOI: 10.3233/JVR-170918]
  4. McLaughlin ME, Bell MP, Stringer DY. Stigma and acceptance of persons with disabilities: understudies aspects of workforce diversity. Disabil Health J. 2004;29(3):302–333. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601103257410 . [DOI: 10.1177/1059601103257410]
  5. Schur L, Nishi L, Adya M, Kruse D, Bruyere SM, Blanck P. Accommodating employees with and without disabilities. Hum Resour Manage. 2014;53(4):593–621. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21607 . [DOI: 10.1002/hrm.21607]
  6. Soklaridis S, Cassidy JD, Van Der Gelde G, Tompa E, Hogg-Johnson S. The economic cost of return to work: an employer’s perspective. Work. 2012;43(3):255–262. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-2012-1415 . [DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-1415]
  7. Solovieva TI, Walls RT, Hendricks DJ, Dowler DL. Cost of workplace accommodations for individuals with disabilities: With or without personal assistance services. Disabil Health J. 2009;2(4):196–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2009.04.002 . [DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2009.04.002]
  8. U.S. Department of Education. In: WIOA statewide and local performance report. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education. 2019. https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/osers/rsa/wioa/vr-annual-reports/national-summary.pdf . Accessed 3 Oct 2019.
  9. Wrzesniewski A, Dutton JE. Crafting a job: revisioning employees as active crafters of their work. Acad Manage Rev. 2001;26(2):179–201. https://doi.org/10.2307/259118 . [DOI: 10.2307/259118]
  10. Niessen C, Weseler D, Kostova P. When and why do individuals craft their jobs? The role of individual motivation and work characteristics for job crafting. Hum Relat. 2016;69(6):1287–1313. https://doi.org/10.1177/00187267156110642 . [DOI: 10.1177/00187267156110642]
  11. Walk M, Handy F. Job crafting as reaction to organizational change. J Appl Behav Sci. 2018;54(3):349–370. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886318777227 . [DOI: 10.1177/0021886318777227]
  12. Berg JM, Dutton JE, Wrzesniewski A. Job crafting and meaningful work. In: Dik BJ, Byrne ZS, Steger MF, editors. Purpose and meaning in the workplace. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2013. p. 81–104. [DOI: 10.1037/14183-005]
  13. Bakker AB, Rodriquez-Munoz A, Vergel AIS. Modelling job crafting behaviours: implications for work engagement. Hum Relat. 2015;69(1):169–189. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726715581690 . [DOI: 10.1177/0018726715581690]
  14. Petrou P, Demerouti E, Peeters MCW. Crafting a job on a daily basis: contextual correlates and the link to work engagement. J Organ Behav. 2012;33:1120–1141. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1783 . [DOI: 10.1002/job.1783]
  15. Tims M, Bakker AB, Derks D. The impact of job crafting on job demands, job resources, and well-being. J Occup Health Psychol. 2013;18(2):230–240. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032141 . [DOI: 10.1037/a0032141]
  16. Bakker AB, Tims M, Derks D. Proactive personality and job performance: the role of job crafting and work engagement. Hum Relat. 2013;65:1359–1378. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726712453471 . [DOI: 10.1177/0018726712453471]
  17. Stajkovia AD, Luthans F. Self-efficacy and work related performance: a meta-analysis. Psychol Bull. 1998;124(2):240–261. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.124.2.240 . [DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.124.2.240]
  18. Bandura A. Social learning theory. Englewood Cliff, NJ: Prentice Hall; 1977.
  19. Bandura A. Social foundations of thought and action: a social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall; 1986.
  20. Bandura A. Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman; 1997.
  21. Wrzesmiewski A. Finding positive meaning in work. In: Cameron KS, Dutton JE, Quinn RE, editors. Positive organization scholarship: foundations of a new discipline. San Fransisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler; 2003.
  22. Lazazzara A, Tims M, de Gennaro D. The process of reinventing a job: a meta-synthesis of qualitative job crafting research. J Vocat Behav. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2019.01.001 . [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2019.01.001]
  23. Demerouti E, Peeters MC. Transmission of reduction-oriented crafting among colleagues: a diary study on the moderating role of working conditions. J Occup Organ Psychol. 2018;91(2):209–234. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12196 . [DOI: 10.1111/joop.12196]
  24. Allaire SH, Li W, LaValley M. Reduction of job loss in persons with rheumatic diseases receiving vocational rehabilitation: a randomized controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;48(11):3212–3218. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.11256 . [DOI: 10.1002/art.11256]
  25. Brzykcy AZ, Boehm SA, Baldridge DC. Fostering sustainable careers across the lifespan: the role of disability, idiosyncratic deals and perceived work ability. J Vocat Behav. 2019;112:185–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2019.02.001 . [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2019.02.001]
  26. Dong S, Geyer P, Hinton T, Chin A. Accommodation request strategies among employees with disabilities: Impacts and associated factors. Rehabil Couns Bull. 2019;63(3):168–178. https://doi.org/10.1177/0034355219834630 . [DOI: 10.1177/0034355219834630]
  27. Markel KS, Barclay LA. Professionals with disabilities: crafting a meaningful career. Acad Manag Proc. 2015;2015(1):11938. https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp2015.11938abstract . [DOI: 10.5465/ambpp2015.11938abstract]
  28. Antao L, Shaw L, Ollson K, Reen K, To F, Bossers A, Cooper L. Chronic pain in episodic illness and its influence on work occupations: a scoping review. Work. 2013;44(1):11–36. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-2012-01559 . [DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-01559]
  29. Mehnert A, Koch U. Predictors of employment among cancer survivors after medical rehabilitation: a prospective study. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2013;39(1):76–87. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3291 . [DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.3291]
  30. Tait RC. Presenteesim and pain: Psychosocial and demographic correlates of employment and disabiltiy. Pain Med. 2013;14(11):1617–1618. https://doi.org/10.1111/pme.12256 . [DOI: 10.1111/pme.12256]
  31. Qualtrics. 2020. www.qualtrics.com .
  32. Slemp GR, Vella-Brodrick DA. The job crafting questionnaire: a new scale to measure the extent to which employees engage in job crafting. Int J Wellbeing. 2013;3(2):126–146. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v3i2.1 . [DOI: 10.5502/ijw.v3i2.1]
  33. U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey. https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs .
  34. Kulkarni M, Lengnick-Hall ML. Socialization of people with disabilities in the workplace. Resour Manag Hum. 2011;50(4):521–540. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20436 . [DOI: 10.1002/hrm.20436]
  35. Colella A, Varma A. The impact of subordinate disability on leader-member exchange relationships. Acad Manag. 2001;44(2):304–315.
  36. Galvão MF, Lemos AH, Cavazotte FD. Revisiting the mainstream: The meaning of work for people with acquired disabilities. RAM Rev Adm Mackenzie. 2018;19(spe):eRAMD180079. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-6971/eramd180079 . [DOI: 10.1590/1678-6971/eramd180079]
  37. King Z. Career self-management: Its nature, causes and consequences. J Voc Behav. 2004;65(1):112–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-8791(03)00052-6 . [DOI: 10.1016/S0001-8791(03)00052-6]
  38. Kossek EE, Roberts K, Fisher S, Demarr B. Career self-management: A quasi-experimental assessment of the effects of a training intervention. Pers Psychol. 1998;51(4):935–960. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-6570.1998.tb00746.x]
  39. Kulkarni M, Gopakumar KV. Career management strategies of people with disabilities. Hum Resour Manage. 2014;53(3):445–466. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21570 . [DOI: 10.1002/hrm.21570]
  40. Van den Heuvel M, Demerouti E, Peeters MC. The job crafting intervention: effects on job resources, self-efficacy, and affective well-being. J Occup Organ Psychol. 2015;88(2):1–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12128 . [DOI: 10.1111/joop.12128]
  41. Rudolph CW, Katz IM, Lavigne KN, Zacher H. Job crafting: a meta-analysis of relationships with individual differences, job characteristics, and work outcomes. J Vocat Behav. 2017;102:112–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.05.008 . [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2017.05.008]
  42. Brucker DL, Henly M. American full-time workers with activity limitations are less likely to hold good quality jobs. Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire; 2019.

Grants

  1. 90IFRE0008/ACL HHS
  2. 90IFFE0008-02/National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research

MeSH Term

Adolescent
Adult
Disabled Persons
Employment
Female
Humans
Job Satisfaction
Male
Middle Aged
Surveys and Questionnaires
United States
Young Adult
Journal Article Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Article has an altmetric score of 4

Word Cloud

Created with Highcharts 10.0.0craftingdisabilitiesjobbehaviorsassociatedJobsampleamongpeopleworkersindividual1levelscancareerPurposeinformalemployee-initiatedapproachre-designtestedthusfarpurposestudyexaminefactorsMethodsconductedsurveyemployees18-64 yearsoldleast1 yearworkexperienceBivariatemultivariatemethodsusedto:compareusepublishedresultsgeneralpopulation2identifycharacteristicsResultsPersonsengagealbeitlowerreportedbroaderIntJWellbeinghttps://doiorg/105502/ijwv3i22013EducationdisabilitytypevisualmobilityimpairmentcertaintypesConclusionshigherengagementgrowthpersonswithoutfindingsresearchutilizeddesignprogramspoliciessupportgoalsbeyondlaborforceparticipationCraftingAmongAmericanWorkersDisabilitiesDisabilityEmploymentWork

Similar Articles

Cited By