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PloS one
2020;15 (4): e0232066.

Genes encoding equine β-lactoglobulin (LGB1 and LGB2): Polymorphism, expression, and impact on milk composition.

Lukasz Wodas, Mariusz Mackowski, Alicja Borowska, Kamila Puppel, Beata Kuczynska, Jakub Cieslak
Author Information
  1. Lukasz Wodas: Department of Horse Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
  2. Mariusz Mackowski: Department of Horse Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
  3. Alicja Borowska: Department of Horse Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
  4. Kamila Puppel: Cattle Breeding Division, Department of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
  5. Beata Kuczynska: Cattle Breeding Division, Department of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
  6. Jakub Cieslak: Department of Horse Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland. ORCID
PMID: 32320437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232066

Abstract

β-lactoglobulin is one of the most abundant milk whey proteins in many mammal species, including the domestic horse. The aim of this study was to screen for polymorphism in the equine LGB1 and LGB2 gene sequences (all exons, introns, and 5'-flanking region) and to assess potential relationship of particular genotypes with gene expression levels (measured in milk somatic cells) and milk composition traits (protein, fat, lactose, and total β-lactoglobulin content). Direct DNA sequencing analysis was performed for twelve horse breeds: Polish Primitive Horse (PPH), Polish Coldblood Horse (PCH), Polish Warmblood Horse (PWH), Silesian, Hucul, Fjording, Haflinger, Shetland Pony, Welsh Pony, Arabian, Thoroughbred, and Percheron-and revealed the presence of 83 polymorphic sites (47 and 36 for LGB1 and LGB2 genes, respectively), including eight that were previously unknown. Association analysis of the selected polymorphisms, gene expression, and milk composition traits (conducted for the PPH, PCH, and PWH breeds) showed several statistically significant relationships; for example, the two linked LGB1 SNPs (rs1143515669 and rs1144647991) were associated with total milk protein content (p < 0.01). Our study also confirmed that horse breed had significant impact on both gene transcript levels (p < 0.01) and on milk LGB content (p < 0.05), whereas an influence of lactation period was seen only for gene relative mRNA abundances (p < 0.01).

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MeSH Term

Animals
Exons
Female
Gene Expression Regulation
Horses
Introns
Lactation
Lactoglobulins
Milk
Milk Proteins
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

Chemicals

Lactoglobulins
Milk Proteins
Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Word Cloud

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