Coinfections and their molecular consequences in the porcine respiratory tract.
Georges Saade, Céline Deblanc, Juliette Bougon, Corinne Marois-Créhan, Christelle Fablet, Gaël Auray, Catherine Belloc, Mily Leblanc-Maridor, Carl A Gagnon, Jianzhong Zhu, Marcelo Gottschalk, Artur Summerfield, Gaëlle Simon, Nicolas Bertho, François Meurens
Author Information
Georges Saade: INRAE, Oniris, BIOEPAR, 44300, Nantes, France.
Céline Deblanc: Swine Virology Immunology Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, ANSES, BP 53, 22440, Ploufragan, France.
Juliette Bougon: Swine Virology Immunology Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, ANSES, BP 53, 22440, Ploufragan, France.
Corinne Marois-Créhan: Mycoplasmology, Bacteriology and Antibiotics Resistance Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, ANSES, BP 53, 22440, Ploufragan, France.
Christelle Fablet: Epidemiology Health and Welfare Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, ANSES, BP 53, 22440, Ploufragan, France.
Gaël Auray: Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Sensemattstrasse 293, 3147, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.
Catherine Belloc: INRAE, Oniris, BIOEPAR, 44300, Nantes, France.
Mily Leblanc-Maridor: INRAE, Oniris, BIOEPAR, 44300, Nantes, France.
Carl A Gagnon: Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
Jianzhong Zhu: College of Veterinary Medicine, Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
Marcelo Gottschalk: Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
Artur Summerfield: Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Sensemattstrasse 293, 3147, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.
Gaëlle Simon: Swine Virology Immunology Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, ANSES, BP 53, 22440, Ploufragan, France.
Nicolas Bertho: INRAE, Oniris, BIOEPAR, 44300, Nantes, France.
François Meurens: INRAE, Oniris, BIOEPAR, 44300, Nantes, France. francois.meurens@inrae.fr. ORCID
Understudied, coinfections are more frequent in pig farms than single infections. In pigs, the term "Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex" (PRDC) is often used to describe coinfections involving viruses such as swine Influenza A Virus (swIAV), Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV), and Porcine CircoVirus type 2 (PCV2) as well as bacteria like Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Bordetella bronchiseptica. The clinical outcome of the various coinfection or superinfection situations is usually assessed in the studies while in most of cases there is no clear elucidation of the fine mechanisms shaping the complex interactions occurring between microorganisms. In this comprehensive review, we aimed at identifying the studies dealing with coinfections or superinfections in the pig respiratory tract and at presenting the interactions between pathogens and, when possible, the mechanisms controlling them. Coinfections and superinfections involving viruses and bacteria were considered while research articles including protozoan and fungi were excluded. We discuss the main limitations complicating the interpretation of coinfection/superinfection studies, and the high potential perspectives in this fascinating research field, which is expecting to gain more and more interest in the next years for the obvious benefit of animal health.
References
Front Microbiol. 2019 Aug 06;10:1815
[PMID: 31447818]
