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European journal of immunology
09, 2020;50 (9): 1268-1282.

Innate immune evasion by picornaviruses.

Xiangle Zhang, Max Paget, Congcong Wang, Zixiang Zhu, Haixue Zheng
Author Information
  1. Xiangle Zhang: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China.
  2. Max Paget: Program in Virology, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, U.S.A.
  3. Congcong Wang: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China.
  4. Zixiang Zhu: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China.
  5. Haixue Zheng: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China.
PMID: 32767562 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048785

Abstract

The family Picornaviridae comprises a large number of viruses that cause disease in broad spectrum of hosts, which have posed serious public health concerns worldwide and led to significant economic burden. A comprehensive understanding of the virus-host interactions during picornavirus infections will help to prevent and cure these diseases. Upon picornavirus infection, host pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) sense viral RNA to activate host innate immune responses. The activated PRRs initiate signal transduction through a series of adaptor proteins, which leads to activation of several kinases and transcription factors, and contributes to the consequent expression of interferons (IFNs), IFN-inducible antiviral genes, as well as various inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In contrast, to maintain viral replication and spread, picornaviruses have evolved several elegant strategies to block innate immune signaling and hinder host antiviral response. In this review, we will summarize the recent progress of how the members of family Picornaviridae counteract host immune response through evasion of PRRs detection, blocking activation of adaptor molecules and kinases, disrupting transcription factors, as well as counteraction of antiviral restriction factors. Such knowledge of immune evasion will help us better understand the pathogenesis of picornaviruses, and provide insights into developing antiviral strategies and improvement of vaccines.

Keywords

Immune evasion innate immunity interferon picornavirus signal transduction

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Grants

  1. 31972688/National Natural Sciences Foundation of China
  2. 19ZDNA001/Key Technologies R&D Program of Gansu Province
  3. 2018YFD0500103/National Key Research and Development Project
  4. CAAS-XTCX2020011-01-10/Collaborative Innovation Project of CAAS

MeSH Term

Animals
Host-Pathogen Interactions
Humans
Immune Evasion
Immunity, Innate
Picornaviridae
Picornaviridae Infections
Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review
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