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Reviews of geophysics (Washington, D.C. : 1985)
Sep, 2020;58 (3): e2019RG000672.

Understanding of Contemporary Regional Sea-Level Change and the Implications for the Future.

Benjamin D Hamlington, Alex S Gardner, Erik Ivins, Jan T M Lenaerts, J T Reager, David S Trossman, Edward D Zaron, Surendra Adhikari, Anthony Arendt, Andy Aschwanden, Brian D Beckley, David P S Bekaert, Geoffrey Blewitt, Lambert Caron, Don P Chambers, Hrishikesh A Chandanpurkar, Knut Christianson, Beata Csatho, Richard I Cullather, Robert M DeConto, John T Fasullo, Thomas Frederikse, Jeffrey T Freymueller, Daniel M Gilford, Manuela Girotto, William C Hammond, Regine Hock, Nicholas Holschuh, Robert E Kopp, Felix Landerer, Eric Larour, Dimitris Menemenlis, Mark Merrifield, Jerry X Mitrovica, R Steven Nerem, Isabel J Nias, Veronica Nieves, Sophie Nowicki, Kishore Pangaluru, Christopher G Piecuch, Richard D Ray, David R Rounce, Nicole-Jeanne Schlegel, Hélène Seroussi, Manoochehr Shirzaei, William V Sweet, Isabella Velicogna, Nadya Vinogradova, Thomas Wahl, David N Wiese, Michael J Willis
Author Information
  1. Benjamin D Hamlington: Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA. ORCID
  2. Alex S Gardner: Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA. ORCID
  3. Erik Ivins: Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA. ORCID
  4. Jan T M Lenaerts: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA. ORCID
  5. J T Reager: Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA. ORCID
  6. David S Trossman: Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences University of Texas at Austin Austin TX USA.
  7. Edward D Zaron: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Portland State University Portland OR USA. ORCID
  8. Surendra Adhikari: Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA. ORCID
  9. Anthony Arendt: Applied Physics Laboratory University of Washington Seattle WA USA. ORCID
  10. Andy Aschwanden: Geophysical Institute University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA. ORCID
  11. Brian D Beckley: KBR Inc. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Houston TX USA.
  12. David P S Bekaert: Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA. ORCID
  13. Geoffrey Blewitt: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology University of Nevada Reno NV USA. ORCID
  14. Lambert Caron: Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA. ORCID
  15. Don P Chambers: College of Marine Science University of South Florida St. Petersburg FL USA. ORCID
  16. Hrishikesh A Chandanpurkar: Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA. ORCID
  17. Knut Christianson: Department of Earth and Space Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA USA. ORCID
  18. Beata Csatho: Department of Earth Sciences University of Buffalo Buffalo NY USA.
  19. Richard I Cullather: Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center University of Maryland College Park MD USA. ORCID
  20. Robert M DeConto: Department of Geosciences University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA USA. ORCID
  21. John T Fasullo: National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO USA. ORCID
  22. Thomas Frederikse: Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA. ORCID
  23. Jeffrey T Freymueller: Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA. ORCID
  24. Daniel M Gilford: Institute of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences Rutgers University New Brunswick NJ USA. ORCID
  25. Manuela Girotto: Department of Environmental Science and Policy Management University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA USA. ORCID
  26. William C Hammond: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology University of Nevada Reno NV USA. ORCID
  27. Regine Hock: Geophysical Institute University of Alaska Fairbanks College AK USA. ORCID
  28. Nicholas Holschuh: Department of Earth and Space Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA USA. ORCID
  29. Robert E Kopp: Department of Environmental Science and Policy Management University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA USA. ORCID
  30. Felix Landerer: Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA. ORCID
  31. Eric Larour: Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA. ORCID
  32. Dimitris Menemenlis: Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA. ORCID
  33. Mark Merrifield: Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA USA. ORCID
  34. Jerry X Mitrovica: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Harvard University Cambridge MA USA.
  35. R Steven Nerem: CIRES and CCAR University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA. ORCID
  36. Isabel J Nias: Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center University of Maryland College Park MD USA. ORCID
  37. Veronica Nieves: Department of Physical Oceanography Institute of Marine Sciences Barcelona Spain. ORCID
  38. Sophie Nowicki: CIRES and CCAR University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA. ORCID
  39. Kishore Pangaluru: Earth System Science University of California, Irvine Irvine CA USA.
  40. Christopher G Piecuch: Physical Oceanography Department Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole MA USA. ORCID
  41. Richard D Ray: CIRES and CCAR University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA. ORCID
  42. David R Rounce: Geophysical Institute University of Alaska Fairbanks College AK USA. ORCID
  43. Nicole-Jeanne Schlegel: Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA. ORCID
  44. Hélène Seroussi: Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA. ORCID
  45. Manoochehr Shirzaei: School of Earth and Space Exploration Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA. ORCID
  46. William V Sweet: Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services NOAA Silver Spring MD USA.
  47. Isabella Velicogna: Department of Physical Oceanography Institute of Marine Sciences Barcelona Spain. ORCID
  48. Nadya Vinogradova: Science Mission Directorate NASA Headquarters Washington DC USA.
  49. Thomas Wahl: Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering and National Center for Integrated Coastal Research University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA. ORCID
  50. David N Wiese: Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA. ORCID
  51. Michael J Willis: CIRES University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA. ORCID
PMID: 32879921 DOI: 10.1029/2019RG000672

Abstract

Global sea level provides an important indicator of the state of the warming climate, but changes in regional sea level are most relevant for coastal communities around the world. With improvements to the sea-level observing system, the knowledge of regional sea-level change has advanced dramatically in recent years. Satellite measurements coupled with in situ observations have allowed for comprehensive study and improved understanding of the diverse set of drivers that lead to variations in sea level in space and time. Despite the advances, gaps in the understanding of contemporary sea-level change remain and inhibit the ability to predict how the relevant processes may lead to future change. These gaps arise in part due to the complexity of the linkages between the drivers of sea-level change. Here we review the individual processes which lead to sea-level change and then describe how they combine and vary regionally. The intent of the paper is to provide an overview of the current state of understanding of the processes that cause regional sea-level change and to identify and discuss limitations and uncertainty in our understanding of these processes. Areas where the lack of understanding or gaps in knowledge inhibit the ability to provide the needed information for comprehensive planning efforts are of particular focus. Finally, a goal of this paper is to highlight the role of the expanded sea-level observation network-particularly as related to satellite observations-in the improved scientific understanding of the contributors to regional sea-level change.

Keywords

remote sensing satellite observations sea level

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