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Ecology and evolution
Sep, 2020;10 (17): 9371-9383.

Macroevolutionary integration of phenotypes within and across ant worker castes.

Nicholas R Friedman, Beatrice Lecroq Bennet, Georg Fischer, Eli M Sarnat, Jen-Pan Huang, L Lacey Knowles Knowles, Evan P Economo
Author Information
  1. Nicholas R Friedman: Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Okinawa Japan. ORCID
  2. Beatrice Lecroq Bennet: Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Okinawa Japan.
  3. Georg Fischer: Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Okinawa Japan.
  4. Eli M Sarnat: Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Okinawa Japan.
  5. Jen-Pan Huang: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Zoology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA.
  6. L Lacey Knowles Knowles: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Zoology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA. ORCID
  7. Evan P Economo: Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Okinawa Japan.
PMID: 32953067 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6623

Abstract

Phenotypic traits are often integrated into evolutionary modules: sets of organismal parts that evolve together. In social insect colonies, the concepts of integration and modularity apply to sets of traits both within and among functionally and phenotypically differentiated castes. On macroevolutionary timescales, patterns of integration and modularity within and across castes can be clues to the selective and ecological factors shaping their evolution and diversification. We develop a set of hypotheses describing contrasting patterns of worker integration and apply this framework in a broad (246 species) comparative analysis of major and minor worker evolution in the hyperdiverse ant genus . Using geometric morphometrics in a phylogenetic framework, we inferred fast and tightly integrated evolution of mesosoma shape between major and minor workers, but slower and more independent evolution of head shape between the two worker castes. Thus, workers are evolving as a mixture of intracaste and intercaste integration and rate heterogeneity. The decoupling of homologous traits across worker castes may represent an important process facilitating the rise of social complexity.

Keywords

Pheidole ants caste dimorphism geometric morphometrics modularity morphological integration

Associated Data

Dryad | 10.5061/dryad.gqnk98sjx

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Journal Article
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